Elements Of Mining Technology

chapter-1
Mining Geology
Minerals, Rocks & Rock structures
Prepared by: GAURAV KUMAR
ASSISTANT MANAGER,MINING,CCL
(HOLDER OF FIRST CLASS MANAGER’S CERTIFICATE(R & UR BOTH)
BTECH-MINING ENGG (BIT SINDRI)
MTECH-MINING ENGG (IIT ISM DHANBAD),GOLD MEDALIST
• Mining is the process of excavating minerals of economic
values from the earth’s crust for the benefit of mankind.
• The word geology means science of the earth and deals with
the origin of the rock that constitutes the earth.
• A Mineral is a homogenous and naturally occurring substance
having definite physical properties and a composition that
may be expressed by chemical formula.
• Aggregate of minerals is known as rock. Rock contains
minerals in varying proportions and they do not have definite
chemical compositions.
• Most rocks forming minerals are oxides, chlorides, sulphides,
carbonates, sulphates or silicates.
• Granite- quartz, feldspar, mica
Granite
MICA
FELDSPAR
QUARTZ
• Bed rock-bed rock is any rock lying in the position in which
it was formed, it is therefore not broken up.
• In geology, bedrock is solid rock that lies under loose
material (regolith) within the crust of Earth .
• Bedrock is the hard, solid rock beneath surface materials
such as soil and gravel. Bedrock also underlies sand and
other sediments on the ocean floor.
• Bedrock is consolidated rock, meaning it is solid and tightly
bound. Overlying material is often unconsolidated rock,
which is made up of loose particles
• Country rock of an ore body is that rock which is
predominant in the area and which contains the ore body.
• Country rocks forms the hanging wall and footwall.
VEIN/LODES
• In the metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks minerals are
found in cracks, joints. The small cracks are called veins
and large cracks are called lodes. Examples are minerals
like tin, copper, zinc, lead etc
VEIN
lopolith
laccolith
BIOTITE/MUSCOVITE(MICA)
• Muscovite is like a clear sheet of mineral with a crystal shape
and ranges from colorless to yellowish or pale gray or pale
green. It sometimes looks like coppery silver depending on
the thickness of the sample.
• Biotite, on the other hand, is black mica because it appears
dark green, brown or black in color.
ORTHOCLASE
PLAGIOCLASE-NaAlsi3o8-CaAl2si2o8
• The key difference between orthoclase and plagioclase is
that orthoclase appears in green-yellow colour, whereas
plagioclase appears in white colour.
Granite-granite, coarse- or medium-grained intrusive igneous rock that
is rich in quartz and feldspar; it is the most common plutonic rock of the
Earth's crust, forming by the cooling of magma (silicate melt) at depth.
• Syenite is a coarse-grained igneous rock which is composed
mainly of alkali feldspar and various ferromagnesian
minerals.
• Diorite is a grey to dark-grey intermediate intrusive igneous
rock composed principally of plagioclase feldspar,
biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene.
GABBRO
• Peridotite is a very dense, coarse-grained, olivine-rich,
ultra- mafic intrusive rock. It is noted for its low silica
content, and contains very little or no feldspar ( orthoclase,
plagioclase). It is a common component of oceanic
lithosphere, and is derived from the upper mantle.
Weathering
• हज़ारों वर्ष पहले का पशु या पौधे (का अंश) जो अब पत्थर बन चक
ु ा
है ; जीवाश्म
• THANKYOU