ELEMENTS OF MINING

TECHNOLOGY
VOL 1-CHAPTER-2
PREPARED BY:GAURAV KUMAR
ASSISTANT MANAGER (MINING),CCL
BTECH-MINING ENGG, (BIT SINDRI)
MTECH-MINING ENGG, GOLDMEDALIST ,IIT(ISM)DHANBAD
 LIVE CLASS @mining plus app
• Courses we will cover:
• Overman/Mining sirdar courses
• EMT ALL 3 VOLUMES
• LEGISLATION
• IREL
 MS/OM COURSES

• subjects we will cover:

• 1.CMR 2017
• 2.MINES ACT 1952
• 3.MINE RULES 1955
• 4.CEAR 2010
• 5.MINES RESCUE RULES 1985
• 6.MVTR 1966
• 7.MINES CRECHE RULES
• MINE VENTILATION
• MINE GASES AND ENVIRONMENT
• OPENCAST MINING MACHINERY
• U/G MINING MACHINERY
• DRILLING AND BLASTING
• MINE PUMPS
IREL (INDIAN RARE EARTH LIMITED)
BIOGAS PLANT
HYDROPOWER PLANT
ENERGY FROM SUN
WIND ENERGY
SEA WAVES
Hot water springs
Internal heat of volcanoes
• Volcanoes-ज्वालामखु ी
• Bagasse-गन्ने से रस ननकालने के बाद बचा हुआ सख
ू ा गद
ू ा
अवशेष, जिसका उपयोग बबिली िनरे टर आदद के ललए ईंधन
के रूप में ककया िाता है ।
• बायोगैस का उत्पादन एक िैव-रासायननक प्रकिया द्वारा होता है ,
जिसके तहत कुछ ववशेष प्रकार के बैक्टीररया िैववक कचरे को
उपयोगी बायोगैस में बदला िाता है । चूंकू क इस उपयोगी गैस का
उत्पादन िैववक प्रकिया (बायोलॉजिकल प्रॉसेस) द्वारा होता है , इसललए
इसे िैववक गैस (बायोगैस) कहते हैं।
• Biogas is an environmentally-friendly, renewable energy
source. It's produced when organic matter, such as food or
animal waste, is broken down by microorganisms in the
absence of oxygen, in a process called anaerobic digestion.
Theories of coal formation
COAL SEAM
SLACK COAL
ROM COAL
STEAM COAL
ASH
MOISTURE
• Ash is the inorganic residue left when coal or coke is
incinerated(ककसी चीज़ को िलाकर राख कर दे ना; भस्म कर दे ना) in air to
constant weight under specified condition.
• Moisture is the water expelled in various forms when coal is
heated under specified conditions.
• Volatile matter which consists of various gases in coal is
equal to the total loss in weight minus moisture when coal is
heated under specified conditions.
• Fixed carbon is obtained by subtracting from 100 the sum
percentage of ash, volatile matter, moisture.
• Higher amount of ash content reduces the calorific value of coal,
causes health and environmental damages and lowers the boiler
efficiency.
Coning and quartering
IS 20 SIEVE
• Latent heat of steam is commonly known as the latent heat of
vaporization. Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of
heat required to convert 1 Kg of liquid to vapour or steam.
The value of latent heat is the property of the individual
substance and it varies depending on the substance.
BOMB CALORIMETER
 COAL GRADES
• The gradation of coking coal is based on ash content.
• The gradation of semi coking /weakly coking coal is based on
ash plus moisture content.
• The gradation of non-coking coal is based on Gross Calorific
Value (GCV).
REJECTS
BEES/Beehive
 What is the use of coke?

• To make steel in a blast furnace, coal must first be turned into

coke. Coke has a dual role in the steelmaking process. First, it
provides the heat needed to melt the ore, and second, when
it is burnt, it has the effect of 'stealing' the oxygen from the
iron ore, leaving only the pure iron behind.
 Can steel be produced without coking
coal?
• Now, nearly all new steel globally is produced using iron
oxide and coking coal. Coking coal is usually bituminous-
rank coal with special qualities that are needed in the blast
furnace. While an increasing amount of steel is being
recycled, there is currently no technology to make steel at
scale without using coal.
• Useful Heat Value or “UHV” means the heat value determined
on Equilibrated Basis by the following formula:
• UHV = 8900-138 x [A + M]
• where UHV = Useful Heat Value in kilo calories per kilogram
(KCal/kg),A = Ash content; and M = Moisture content
• In the case of Coal having moisture content less than two per cent
(2%) and volatile matter content less than nineteen percent
(19%), the UHV shall be the value arrived at as above reduced by
150 KCal/kg for each one percent (1%) reduction in volatile
content below nineteen per cent (19%).
• S.O 2920 (E) dated 30.12.2011 has switched over from Useful Heat
Value (UHV) based pricing mechanism to that based on Gross
Calorific Value (GCV) from 01.01.2012
GRADES OF NON COKING COAL
• 1. All types of coals can be converted into coke.
a) True
b) False
• 2. The process of converting coal into coke is called ______
a) Coking
b) Carbonization
c) Decarbonization
d) Isomerization
• 3. Depending on the behaviour of the coal, when it is heated
in the absence of air, it can be categorized into ______
categories.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
• 4. Which coals are suitable for metallurgical purposes?
a) Coking
b) Carburized
c) Non-coking
d) Decarburized
• 6. Caking coal with ______ content are used for gas manufacturer.
a) high volatile matter
b) low volatile matter
c) high ash content
d) high moisture content
• Answer: a
Explanation: Caking coal with high volatile matter content are
used for gas manufacture whereas caking coal with low moisture
matter content is used for the manufacturing of metallurgical
coke.
• 9. Coals which become soft, plastic and fuse together to
form large coherent masses are called ______
a) caking coals
b) non-caking coals
c) non-coking coals
d) pulverized coal
• 10. When a coking coal is burnt in absent of air, hard, strong
and porous residue left is called as _____
a) Coke
b) Ash
c) Caking coal
d) Non-coking coal
• THANKYOU