i

A Strong Partner for Sustainable Development

 

Module
in
General Education 6

READINGS IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
 
 
 
 

 
College of Business and Management
Bachelor of Science in Business and Management
 
 ii

Module No. 2

Content and Contextual Analysis

Second Semester, AY 2020-2021

Jemelette P. Sampayan
Instructor III

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 iii

Table of Contents

Title Page ii
Table of Contents iii
Instruction to the User 1
Introduction 2
Chapter II 3
Analyzing Sources and Perspectives
Overview 3
Learning Outcomes 3
Pre – Test 3
How to Make Historical Analysis 4
Learning Outcomes 4
Time Allotment 4
Discussion 4
Activity 7
Evaluation 7
References 9
Student’s Information 11

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 1

INSTRUCTION TO THE USER

This module would provide you an educational experience while

independently accomplishing the task at your own pace or time. It aims as
well to ensure that learning is unhampered by health and other challenges. It
covers the topic about content and contextual analysis on selected historical
texts.

Reminders in using this module:

1. Keep this material neat and intact.

2. Answer the pretest first to measure what you know and what to be
learned about the topic discussed in this module.
3. Accomplish the activities and exercises as aids and reinforcement for
better understanding of the lessons.
4. Answer the post-test to evaluate your learning.
5. Do not take pictures in any parts of this module nor post it to social
media platforms.
6. Value this module for your own learning by heartily and honestly
answering and doing the exercises and activities. Time and effort were
spent in the preparation in order that learning will still continue
amidst this Covid-19 pandemic.
7. Observe health protocols: wear mask, sanitize and maintain physical
distancing.

Hi! I’m Blue Bee, your WPU Mascot.

Welcome to Western Philippines University!

Shape your dreams with quality learning experience.

STAY SAFE AND HEALTHY!

INTRODUCTION

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 2

This module will serve as an alternative learning material to usual way of

classroom teaching and learning delivery. The instructor will facilitate and explain
the module to the students to achieve its expected learning outcomes, activities and
to ensure that they will learn amidst of pandemic.

This material discusses one chapter which follows the most essential learning
competencies in doing a contextual analysis on significant and selected texts in the
Philippine history. This module discusses the strategies in making historical text
analysis in which the students will learn the important details to focus on. Thus,
selected texts will be presented for the students to analyze. The module will also let
students to further learn and practice on how to analyze a primary source in
consideration of the credibility, authenticity, and provenance. Lastly, the students
will also be able to develop their critical and analytical thinking skills through their
exposure to primary sources.

Through your cooperation in this kind of flexible learning delivery, analyzing

various historical texts is very much possible. It is expected that after using this
module you will be able to understand the importance of studying history and
analyzing historical texts.

Chapter II
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
 3

Analyzing Sources and Perspectives

Overview

The knowledge in history is based on the available sources that provide various
information. A certain historical event could either be written or unwritten and both should
be subjected to analysis because of the different interpretations. In other words, the sources
of history play a significant role in the understanding of people in history. Learning about
history is not only about reading texts on history or listening to oral history but it comes with
analyzing the sources of information and multiple perspectives that create historical events.
Analyzing sources and perspectives that surround a certain historical event refers to the
analysis of the available texts and the contents of those texts.

Textual and contextual analyses are two different forms of analyzing sources and
perspectives. Textual analysis is a method to examine a text in terms of its syntax,
punctuation, and style in order to describe, interpret, and understand a text. A textual
analysis is significant in revealing the assumptions, symbolism, and values from its literal
meaning. Primarily, textual analysis in the social sciences employ a quantitative approach in
which the features of the text are numerically measured. On the other hand, contextual
analysis focuses on the factors that surround upon writing a text. In the study of history,
contextual analysis considers the time and place the historical document was written as well
as the situation or the circumstances during the time (Torres, 2018). It is coupled with
analyzing the personal and professional background of the author. Whereas, the biographical
background, role in the event, and the intention of the author in writing the document are
highly considered.

Learning Outcomes

 Recognize significant texts in Philippine history

 Analyze primary sources for the credibility, authenticity, and provenance

 Compare perspectives on various historical texts

Pre – Test

Directions: Read carefully the statements. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE, if it is not.

______ 1. Historical sources are categorized as primary and secondary sources.

______ 2. Secondary sources are more reliable than primary sources.
______ 3. In evaluating historical sources, one has to engage into an in-depth
analysis.
______ 4. Classification of documents refer to primary and secondary sources.
______ 5. Historical texts are written and produced for private use.
______ 6. The author’s political beliefs could affect the reliability of the document.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 4

______ 7. A historical document that was written twenty years later when the event
occurred is still valid.
______ 8. The personal background of the author affects the credibility of the
historical document.
______ 9. The location where the document was written has nothing to do with the
reliability of the document.
______10. Stated facts in a historical document do not require verifications.

How to Make a Historical Text Analysis

A. Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, you can:

a. acquire the strategies in making a historical text analysis

b. assess historical texts in terms of credibility, validity, and provenance

B. Time Allotment: 1.5 hours

C. Discussion

Historical sources
are mainly categorized
as primary and
secondary sources and
both are significant in
search for studying
historical events.
However, primary
sources provide more
accurate and reliable
information on a certain
event. It is important to
realize that primary
sources are generally
either written or
unwritten sources and
the reliability must be
assessed in terms of
credibility, validity, and
provenance. To study and validate the reliability of a certain document, historians
generally consider the basic questions - Who?, When? Where?, What?, Why?
Analyzing sources of history mainly derives from those questions, which further
bring historians into an in - depth analysis. Moreover, identifying the purpose of

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 5

creating the sources is as useful as the other strategies in determining the reliability
of the document.

The analysis of historical documents takes a careful reading in which

reading a certain document once would not be enough. The first instance to read the
document might only provide the general idea about the historical document. Hence,
it should be followed - up in order to get more details about the document. Further
reading the historical document could also lead to getting more significant
information that are necessary in having a deeper understanding of the document.
Classifying the document is another step in analyzing the text and content of the
document. The reader must be able to determine the category or type of the
document. The major classifications that reader should identify is whether the
document is a primary or a secondary source. It is also needed to identify if the
document was created or written for public reference or not. The documents that are
considered for public reference and use are public records that include census, birth
and death certificates, city directories, church registers, title deeds, military records,
education records, trial transcripts and so on. On the other hand, documents that can
be considered as personal records are journals, diaries, correspondence or letters.
The period when the document was written is another factor to consider in
classifying the document. It can be a factor in determining the reliability of the
document since putting an event into writing immediately and after quite some time
after it happened could lead to inconsistencies in which the writer might forget some
details if writing took quite some time. Moreover, the location where the document
was written should also be considered in order to determine the influence of the
geographic location on the document. In classifying the historical document, the
author’s biography is also significant to learn in order to determine the participation
of the author in a certain event. In classifying the document into several aspects is
the way of analyzing the context of the document. Consequently, the analysis of the
historical document also employs analyzing the text (textual analysis), in which
the reader needs to determine the main idea of the text and the key words and
concepts that were used. It is important for the key words and concepts to be
elaborately explained with the
emphasis on its context and the
intention of the author in writing
up the document. Moreover, it is
necessary to relate the content of
the document on the previously
acquired knowledge. With the
attention to the content and text
of a historical event, a conclusion
could be made by focusing on the
document’s reliability and
accuracy. Establishing the
significance and
contribution of the Source: https://www.slideshare.net/papefons/historic-sources
document to the knowledge of people is also highly considered in doing the
analysis. Correspondingly, the impact or influence of the historical document in the
society is also emphasized, may it be for a short term or long term.

In evaluating historical sources, one may consider the following details as a

quick guide to content and textual analyses:

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 6

Credibility

In establishing the credibility of the source, one has to look over the
professional and personal backgrounds of the author. It is important to consider if
the background of the author affects the way he/she writes the document. Details
that could matter are the author’s race, sex, class, occupation, religion, age, or
political beliefs. The evidences that are used by the author in the document need to
be closely and critically viewed and examined. One has to analyze how the evidences
are used in developing the knowledge.

Accuracy

Every information that is provided by the author has to be verified. It is

significant to determine that all information are facts, which means the produced
knowledge must be based on evidences. The reader must be critical on the errors that
might appear on the written document particularly on the stated facts, spelling, or
grammar.

Relevance

Analyzing the relevance of the source requires the study of the provided
information if it answers the question that the author tries to interpret. It is coupled
with evaluating the information if it directly supports the contention that is
presented by the author. In addition, the relevance of the source deals with the
importance of the information at hand.

Reliability

The reliability of the source also refers to figuring out the biases that the
author might exhibit due to various factors such as affiliation and political or social
agenda. It is to emphasize that the document should not exhibit any biases to
establish its reliability.

Date

The date when the document was written and produced could influence its
reliability. In other words, it refers to the time the source was gathered and
published.

Sources

In evaluating the sources, one has to consider if the source of information of

the author is based from primary or secondary sources. It is important to realize that
a source is more reliable if it comes from primary sources, in this case, secondary
sources are considered to support the information that are provided by primary
sources or as preliminary sources to find or disclose primary sources. In addition,
one has to look on how the author acquires the source of information. It is important
to learn if the source is owned by the author or acquired or accessed from the owner.
Another key point is to find out the other references that the author has used in
developing his/her knowledge.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 7

Scope and Purpose

The scope and purpose refer to the author’s response or answer to the stated
problem with attention to the presented information based on facts and evidences. In
other words, one has to assess if the information is comprehensively discussed or
written but in consideration of the reader’s capability to easily understand the
material. It is significant to find out the argument or message of the author in writing
the source. In some cases, the author tries to write and document in explicit and
implicit manners.

D. Activity: Short - Answer Test

Direction: Briefly answer the following questions using your own words.

1. Explain the role of Antonio Pigafetta in the Magellan-Elcano expedition.

2. Describe how the Battle of Mactan started based on the account of Antonio
Pigafetta.

RUBRIC FOR SHORT – ANSWER TEST

Points 10 7 5 3
Piece was Piece was Piece had little Piece had no
written in an written in an style or voice style or voice
extra interesting
Quality ordinary style style and voice
of and voice
Writing Somewhat Gives some new Gives no new
Very informative information but information
informative and organized poorly and very
and well - organized poorly
organized organized

E. Evaluation: Content and Textual Analyses

Directions:

1. Read the excerpt of the “Magellan’s Voyage Around the World” written by
Antonio Pigafetta.
2. Analyze the document in terms of credibility, validity, and provenance of
the said historical text.
3. Consider the provided rubric in developing your analysis.

CRITERIA NEEDS APPROACHIN GOOD EXCELLENT

IMPROVEMEN G STANDARDS

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 8

T 3 points 5 points
4 points
2 points
Ideas & There is no clear You put thought What you are What you are
Content or specific into this, but writing about is writing about is
explanation in there is a need for clear. You clear and well –
answer to the more specific answered the expressed ,
question. information or question. Some including specific
you need to support may be examples to
follow the lacking, or your demonstrate what
directions more sentences may be you learned. Well
closely. a bit awkward. done.
Overall, a decent
job.
Use of Terms No terms from A few terms from Your answer Your answer
the lessons are the lesson are included several included all the
used. used in the terms from the terms from the
answer. Try for a lesson, lesson that
few more, next demonstrating applied to the
time. adequate question asked.
understanding of All terms are fully
the material. defined and used
in the proper
context.
Sentence Sentences are Some sentences Sentences are Sentences are
Fluency & incomplete or too are easy to complete and able complete and
Conventions long. It makes understand and to be understood. they connect to
reading them complete. Others Use of one another easily
difficult. Few end require some punctuation when they are
marks or capital work. Mistakes marks and read out loud.
letters. Answers using end marks capitals, as well Your writing
contain or capitals as well as spelling, is flows. No
numerous as spelling mostly correct. punctuation or
spelling or mistakes make Few errors exist structural
structural errors. the writing hard in your answer. mistakes. No
to read. spelling errors.
Your writing
shows full
awareness of the
rules of English
use.

References

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 9

Primary Sources: Primary Sources - Types and Definitions. (n.d.) UPSTATE

University of South Carolina Library.
https://uscupstate.libguides.com/c.php?g=318776&p=3049030

Agoncillo, T. (2012). History of the Filipino People, 8th Edition. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Agrarian Reform History. (n.d.). Department of Agrarian Reform. Retrieved from
http://www.dar.gov.ph/about-us/agrarian-reform-history/
Blair, E. H. & Robertson, J. A. (1961). The Philippine Islands, 1493 – 1898. Mandaluyong:
Cachos – Hermanos, Inc.
Candelaria, J.L.P. and V.C. Alporha. (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Manila: Rex
Bookstore, Inc.
Coates, A. (1969). Rizal: Filipino Nationalist and Martyr. Hong Kong: Oxford University
Press Quezon City. Malaya Books.
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (R.A. 6657). (n.d.). Arellano Law
Foundation: The LAWPhil Project. Retrieved from
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1988/ra_6657_1988.html
Constantino, R. (1975). The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Quezon City: Renato Constantino.
Constantino, R. and L. Constantino. (1978). The Philippines: The Continuing Past. Quezon
City: The Foundation for Nationalist Studies.
Corpuz, O. (1989). The Roots of the Filipino Nation, 2 volumes. Quezon City: Aklahi
Foundation.
Decreeing the Emancipation of Tenants from the Soil (P.D. No. 27). (n.d.). Arellano Law
Foundation: The LAWPhil Project. Retrieved from
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1972/pd_27_1972.html
De Leon, H.S. and H.M. De Leon Jr. (2011). Textbook on the Philippine Constitution.
Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.
de Viana, A. V. (2012). Jose Rizal in Our Times, Revised Edition.Manila: National Historical
Commission of the Philippines.
Gottschalk, L. (1969). Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method. New York:
Alfred A. Knopf.
Guzman, J.E. (2019). National Library of the Philippines: Celebrating 132 years of
preserving printed, recorded cultural heritage. Philippine Information Agency.
Retrieved from https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1025870
Land Reform Act of 1955 (R.A. 1400). (n.d.). Arellano Law Foundation: The LAWPhil
Project. Retrieved from
https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1955/ra_1400_1955.html
Philippine Organic Act of 1902. (n.d.). Official Gazette. Retrieved from
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-philippine-organic-act-of-
1902/
Primary sources in Philippine History. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://philhist.pbworks.com/w/page/16367040/FrontPage
Schumacher, J. (1992). Readings in Philippine Church History. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press.
Scott, W. H. (1984). Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History.
Quezon City: Newday Publishers.
The Philippine Independence Act. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://loveman.sdsu.edu/docs/1934PhilippineIndep.pdf
Torres, J.V. (2018). BATIS Sources in Philippine History. Quezon City: C & E Publishing,
Inc.
Primary sources in Philippine History. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://philhist.pbworks.com/w/page/16367040/FrontPage
Schumacher, J. (1992). Readings in Philippine Church History. Quezon City: Ateneo de
Manila University Press.

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

 10

Scott, W. H. (1984). Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History.
Quezon City: Newday Publishers.
The Philippine Independence Act. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://loveman.sdsu.edu/docs/1934PhilippineIndep.pdf
Torres, J.V. (2018). BATIS Sources in Philippine History. Quezon City: C & E Publishing,
Inc.

Congratulations for completing this module!

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
 11

Student’s Information

Name:
Program:
Year and Section:
Contact No.:
E-mail address:
Facebook Account:
Messenger Account:

Vision 2020
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

WPU: the leading knowledge center for sustainable

 development of West Philippines and beyond.

12

Mission
WPU commits to develop quality human resource and green
technologies for a dynamic economy and sustainable
development through relevant instruction,
research and extension services.

Core Values (3CT)

Culture of Excellence
Commitment
Creativity
Teamwork

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)

WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)