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SYNTHESIS OF THE REVIEWED LITERATURE

S.S Nagarajan has found from a study of coconut productivity in the Rangasamudram Village of
the Coimbatore District of Tamil nadu, that 75 West-Coast Tall variety palms per acre receiving
regularly both organic and inorganic manures at the rate of 30 kgs of farm yard manure, 1 Kg of
urea, 2 Kgs each of super phosphate and muriate of potash, 1 of of micro-nutrient mixture and
2kgs of powdered neem cake per palm per year has resulted in a yield of 100 nuts per tree per
year, The nuts are sold locally at an average price of Rs. 4/- per nut. The annual cultivation cost
per acre is Rs. 12,000/- Gross revenue is around Rs. 30,000/- and the net income is Rs. 18,000/-.
But after application of silt over the entire extent of the garden prior to the onset of the monsoon
every year, productivity per tree increased to 12 nuts/ yr., raising the total revenue pe acre to RS.
36,000/- at an additional cost of Rs. 3,000/-. Net income per acre rose from Rs. 18,000/- to Rs.
21,000/-. Nagarajan concludes that regular application of silt containing organic matter
stimulates soil life, helps multiplication of earth-worms and improvement of physical properties
of soil. Ultimately use of synthetic fertilizers can be minimized or even dispensed with as this
system depends on the primary production capacity of the soil and positive biotic 55 interactions.
Its is also suggested that raising intercrops like banana and turmeric will fetch more income for
the coconut farmer.

Sugata Ghose gives a brief sketch of the different stages in the progress of coconut production in
India since independence and points out the encouraging trend after the formation of the Coconut
Development board in 1981. The efforts of the board resulted in increase in production and
productivity and by 1996 total production was 13.9 billion nuts with index reaching the all time
high of 425.6 points. Productivity increased to 7779 nuts per hectare. Even though a slight
decrease occurred during 1996 to 98 total production was maintained at the level of 13 billion
nuts and India became the highest producer of coconut in the world.

V. Rajagol et al., of the Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod, Kerala dealt at
length with the distinctive features of coconut, its strength and weaknesses as a perennial crop.
According to him in coconut, its strength and weaknesses as a perennial crop. According to him
in coconut largest number of germ plasm is available for effective utilization to increase
productivity and for 57 breeding disease resistant varieties. Moreover, there is greater scope for
the adoption of new technologies and community level approach for augmenting farm income.
Coconut development is a potential source for women empowerment trough self-help groups.
According to these researchers the availability of time-tested and proven technologies for
adoption at the farmers level provides scope for inter/multi/mixed crops in coconut farms.
Coconut and by products of high economic value are potentials for export and earnings in
international markets. But decline in farm income imposed by factors such as fluctuating market
price, pets and diseases, adverse climatic conditions, non-competitiveness at the global level are
some of the threats faced by coconut industry. To overcome these threats, these researchers
suggest certain macro and micro level strategies. At the macro level discouraging area expansion
under coconut, increasing the productivity effect on production in the major coconut growing
zones and checking the flow of imports by imposing rational important tariff rates will help to
maintain a well stabilized price structure for coconut and its products. At the micro level
emphasis should be on the theme ‘competitiveness through higher productivity in production,
processing and marketing sectors’. Replanting of senile and unproductive plants through high
yielding varieties and hybrids, adoption of integrate nutrient management strategies, 58 water
management techniques and integrated pests and disease management strategies are some of the
major technologies for realizing sustainable increase in productivity.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF STUDY

The concept of the study is shown through the framework. Researchers had formulated
that the objectives of this study were met through the collaboration these variables. This concept
helped the researchers in identifying and determining the analysis on copra production in Brgy.
Union, Dapa, Surigao del Norte.
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HYPOTHESIS

At 0.05 of significance, the following were hypothesized follows:

Ho1. There is no significant relationship between the copra productions perceived by the copra
farmers when grouped according to their profile variable.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

In order to facilitate better understanding of the study, the following terms are hereby defined:

Coconut- a large fruit that has a thick shell with white flesh and liquid inside it and that grows on
a palm tree (Meriam Webster Dictionary, 2016)

Copra- a dried flesh of a coconut, from which coconut oil is to obtained (Encarta Dictionary,
2009)

Copra Farmer- are those men and woman, used in the process of producing of copra.

Income- is the amount of money received by the copra farmers.

Production- is the amount of copra produced by copra farmers in one harvest period, expressed
in kilogram.

Trimester- a period of three months harvesting a coconut.

Organization- a group whose members work together for a shared purpose.

Family Members- means a person who is a spouse, former spouse, child, stepchild, grandchild,
parent, stepparent, grandparent, niece, nephew, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law,
daughter-in-law, brother, sister, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationship.
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RESEARCH METHOD/DESIGN

METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods applied in this study which includes the research design
used, flow of the study, locale of the study, participants of the study, data gathering procedure,
research instruments, and data analysis where the statistical tools and treatments used are
portrayed.

Research Design
This study entitled “Analysis on Copra Production as Perceived by Copra Farmers of
Brgy. Union, Dapa, Surigao del Norte” utilized the descriptive research design using the survey
method. A descriptive research design was used since it is the appropriate choice for identifying
a characteristics, frequencies, trends, correlations and categories which very is applicable in this
study, and also because variables in this study are not controlled nor manipulated, instead, data
are gathered through survey and calculations and measurements are via the use of statistical tools
and treatments. It is very useful since not much is known in the copra industry in the said area of
the study.
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RESEARCH RESPONDENTS/SAMPLE

Participants of the Study

There was a total of forty-seven (47) participants from Barangay Union, Dapa, Surigao del
Norte who participated and answered the survey questionnaires in this study. The Slovin’s
Formula or any other approach in determining the minimum sample size for obtaining reliable
data was not used because there is no definite data from any sources for the total population of
copra farmers for the said barangay since the majority have no affiliation to any related
organizations. Thus, the number of participants is the number of copra farmers that the
researchers found while touring the area for prospect participants.
Table 3.1 Distribution of participants
Participants Frequency (f) Percent (%)

Copra Farmers 47 100.00

TOTAL 47 100.00
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RESEACRH INSTRUMENT

The instrument used in conducting the study was the questionnaire-checklist which was
developed originally by the researchers with the help of their research adviser and also from
published books and online sources. The questionnaire composed of three (3) parts: Part I –
Demographic Profile, Part II – Status of Copra production, and Part III – Problems Encountered
by Copra Farmers in Brgy. Union, Dapa, Surigao del Norte.
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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Data was gathered through the use of survey questionnaires developed by the researchers
and the researchers are the ones who personally administered the questionnaire to the
participants of the study after seeking the approval of the Barangay Chairman in gathering data
relative to the study.
The questionnaire was in English; however, the researchers verbally translated its contents into
the Surigaonon dialect for convenience of the participants. Retrieval of the questionnaires was
done right after the participants finished answering the items.
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PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND DATA

All the data accumulated from the survey questionnaires were treated using the following
statistical tools:
Table. It was used to systematically arrange acquired data in rows and columns for ready
reference.
Frequency. It was used to determine the number of times the variable concerned was
described, or the count for the occurrences of the variables.
Percentage. It was used to describe the size of the frequency in the percentile, also used for
comparing with other frequency values.
Mean. It was used to determine the average score of the individual scale for the analysis and
implications of data. The formula for the mean is:

Where: M stands for the mean

x is the sum of all values
n is the total number of participants
Standard Deviation. It was used to measure the dispersion of dataset relative to the mean, or
to describe the variation between each data point relative to the mean. The

formula for the standard deviation is:

Where: SD stands for the standard deviation

n is the total number of participants
x is the sum of values
is the sum of square of values
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

The chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendations to the study. The
conclusion made was drawn from the finding of the data gathered. The recommendations are
suggested based on the findings and conclusion of the study.
SUMMARY
A study on the analysis on copra production perceived by copra farmers of Brgy. Union,
Daps, Surigao del Norte was conducted from October 2019 to march 2020.
The study was used the descriptive method of research. A questionnaire-checklist was used
to gather data on the analysis on copra production. A total of 47 participants were copra farmers
from selected barangay.
The gathered data were tallied and simple percentage, frequency count, and weighted mean
were computed
CONCLUSION
The conclusions are the following:
1. According to age, there are still senior citizens who work as a copra farmer.
2. It is revealed that less copra production less income to the copra farmers.
3. The unstable price of copra affects the income of copra farmers.
4. The coconut trees having diseases adversely affect production of coconut fruit which also
directly affect copra production.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In the light of the findings of the study, the following recommendation are hereby offered:
1. The copra farmers should be encouraged to attend seminars, and symposia regarding coconut
related coconut related topics to enhance, improve and hasten their strategies in copra farming.
2. Farmers should practice intercropping to obtain additional income other than copra.
3. Farmers should follow the recommended practices in coconut production to obtain high
quality of copra that could demand high a buying price.
4. A follow-up study in other locality is also recommended whether the same result would
surface.