Project Aquiline Research

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PROJECT AQUILINE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY
29 August 1967
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_TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page
I .
Nature and Purpose of the Study i

1'
E
II History -
3
I
1 Program Initiation 3
Program Concept
WKP
4
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FY 1967 Development Program

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C 7
III Program Objectives 9'

I
l Overall Objective 9
FY 1968 Goals 10
FY 1969 Goals
UOUUIP
10
Ultimate Goals ll
1
IV Program Plan 12
1
Approach 12
5
Development Plan 13
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F1UC'JUi|lI>
Flight Tests 15
Summary of Development Concept 16
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§
Management and Funding 18
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Operational Development 22
Figure Mark I
Figure Mark I Inboard Profile
.
Figure Development Plan

Figure AQUILINE Budget Work Sheet
Figure Program Objectives FY 1967
Figure AQUILINE Budget FY 1967
3
Figure AQUILINE Program Objectives
Figure System Program Plan (Douglas)
Figure Summary of Projected Costs
. ‘Figure Projected AQUILINE Operational Costs
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PROJECT AQUILINE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY (
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I Nature and Purpose of the Study .
In response to a Bureau of the Budget request, a researchf

and development study has been prepared on Project AQUILINE.
The AQUILINE system is a new concept in the collection of
intelligence which encompasses development of the vehicle as
well as the associated subsystems.
Research and development on the AQUILINE system was
initiated to increase our capability for collection of intel-
ligence against prime targets. Our present airborne collection
systems are large and must fly very high and very fast to sur-
vive. The AQUILINE concept is to have a small vehicle which
will fly low and slow and still have sufficient range. The
;successful development of the AQUILINE collection system
depends heavily upon our ability to develop advanced micro-
technology, microminiature sensors and power sources, sophisti-
cated communications and control systems as well as an efficient,
small aircraft. -
This study is organized into four major sections. Section

II presents a history of the program through fiscal year 1967

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including a description of its intelligence collection poten-

tial. Section III outlines the planned development program
for fiscal years 1968 and 1969. Section IV presents a detailed -
.
description of the basic technology involved in the development

and a summary of the development concept. The final section
presents operational concepts and estimates program costs and
timing. -
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11 History
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A, Program Initiation. f
During the past four years, the Office of Research and

“
Development has been investigating advanced concepts by which

"black box" sensors could be emplaced at strategic targets in
China, Russia, North Vietnam, and other denied areas. These
emplaced "black boxes" would collect intelligence from missile
test ranges, nuclear test facilities, BW/CW test areas, and
other prime targets. The collected information could be sent
in real time or be stored for later readout via radio to over-
flight aircraft or relay satellites.
A major difficulty in the present emplacement systems is
that the emplacement vehicle must execute the penetration and
drop the black box at a high altitude in order to avoid detec-
tion and/or interception. Consequently, black box payloads
designed for emplacement in this manner are large and heavy--a
few hundred pounds not being unusual. In addition, as the
opposition develops more sophisticated defense systems, our
opportunities to deliver black boxes using our present assets
will be grossly limited. "
A solution to our present difficulty would be to employ a

system that would allow low altitude drops of small, light-

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weight, low power solid state sensors. This would enhance the
probability of the black box surviving the emplacement as well
as decreasing the probability of it being detected. At present,
solid state and microminiaturization technologies have progressed
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to the point where these small, light-weight, low power black

boxes can be developed. To emplace these black boxes, however,
requires a small, low flying emplacement vehicle system capable
of long range surreptitious penetration. The AQUILINE project
was initiated out of this requirement.
B. Program Concept.
The AQUILINE concept encompasses a very small bird-like
emplacement and collection system. To determine AQUILINE sys-
tem feasibility, internal and external studies were conducted.
The early conceptual studies were conducted by the Naval
Ordnance Test Station (NOTS), Douglas Aircraft Company, and
others (see Figures l and 2). Mission analyses and cost effect-
iveness studies indicated that the AQUILINE concept was feasible
and held great promise as an advanced emplacement and collection
system. Further, the studies established that the vehicle
could exist for long periods of time in target areas and would
be practically undetectable. Even if detected, it would be
expensive and difficult to countermand. Its low altitude and
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low speed characteristics added to a long loiter time capability
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would permit detailed examination of the targetiareas and per-

mit a wide variety of intelligence missions. Further, its
small size and innocuous nature would make it more politically
palat able in tense situations than conventional aircraft.? It.
wquld be unmanned, smaller, and cheaper and, therefore, ex-

pendable on special missions. Because of these characteristics,
it would be deployable against targets not accessible by any
H163 llS at the present time. In early stages of development, it
could complement existing high altitude systems by providing
ITIOTG detailed examination of selected short-range targets by
flying below the cloud cover.
/
Concentrated studies have been performed on a wide range
of aerodynamic lift devices including balloons, ballistic glider,
power ed glider and helicopter types for this application. The
power ed glider was selected because of the following considera-
tions
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1. Vehicle. A small aerodynamically clean vehicle

can be produced which will contain the miniature payloads
and subsystems required for the mission contemplated.
2. Propulsion. A variety of propulsion systems
such as two-cycle engines, four-cycle engines, fuel cell
and radioisotope powered systems can be used to propel
the vehicle. The four-cycle and radioisotope powered sys-
tems have a potential range of thousands of miles.
/'S£GRE'I/
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3. Tests of mockup models demonstrate

Observability.
have low
that such*a vehicle and its subsystems could
IR) to
enough observability (visual, acoustic, radar and
df the
immerse itself in the indigenous signal environment
~
target area, loitering unobtrusively while

performing its
mission.
4. Guidance and'Navigation. Several guidance and
find-
navigation systems such as CHECKROTE, radio direction
ing, transit satellites and Loran or
Omega could direct
target.
this vehicle to within a few miles of the distant
5. TV Eye.The development of a subminiature TV
The TV Eye
Eye is feasible both in the visible and
IR.
well as
can be employed for guidance and navigation as
surveillance duties. .
6. Secure communications for

Communication Link.
achieved at
data transmission and vehicle control can be
line-of-sight ranges and are feasible over the longer
ranges by using relays such as a small vehicle of the same
type, satellites or CHECKROTE.

_{1A]Payloads. Photographic, IR, ELINT, audio,E::::::]
and droppable black box payloads being developed
system.
by various divisions in ORD can be employed in this
_8. _Mobility and Elexibility. Because of its size,
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weight, and speed, the vehicle can be launched

from a
launcher.
small boat or aircraft or a simple portable
9. A range oft::::::::]for the Initial
Range.
Operational Capability (IOC)* version can be achieved.
engine or
However, with a f0ur—cycle internal combustion
provided.
’ fuel cells ranges of thousands of miles can be
1Radi0isotope engine versions could have unlimited
range
_
(30-day flight duration, 36,000 miles).
l0. @éOperations Research. Computer programs for
vul-
vehicle configuration systems integration, systems
and
nerability and mission analysis have been initiated
of
can be further developed to insure the effectiveness
programs
operational systems. Eventually the computer
Research
can be carried out in the Intelligence Processing
and Development (IPRD) facility of ORD.
C. FY 1967 Development Program.
emplacement/
During fiscal year 1967, development of an
glider (AQUILINE)
collection system configured as a small powered
lbegan with a budget of[1dollars. The development
improved with:
concept of the AQUILINE system was refined and
1. The initiation of an IOC prototype development
program.
'*Used to designate the first generation vehicle

and associated
subsystem.
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2._v The continuation of advanced system studies by

Douglas Aircraft (System Contractor).
3. Institution of development programs in the sub-
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system areas of aerodynamics, propulsion, navigation,v

communications, antennas, survivability studies, intelli-
gence collecting payloads, and ground control equipment.
A flight test range was established and instrumented to
allow flight test of the airframe, its subsystems, and payloads
under development. The flight of the fully instrumented IOC
system is scheduled for October 1967. The IOC system will
include remotely controlled autopilot, navigation and communi-
cations equipment (including a slow>scan~TV camera and associated
0%}
radio transmitter) and will be equipped to carry test payloads
up to five pounds to a range
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III Program Objectives

As Overall Objective. _(
.
The AQUILINE development program is designed to be evolu-

tionary} i.e., its collection capability will be increased as
advances in technology become available. Specifically, the
program will require advances in the state-of-the—art in the
critical areas of aerodynamics, propulsion, navigation, com-
munication and payload instrumentation. A major goal of the
program is the ability to define an optimum collection system
¢to be employed against a particular intelligence target
using.
the technology currently available (see Figure 3). A more

detailed description of this aspect of the program is contained
in Section IV below.
late fiscal year 1968, the initial operational vehicle
_By
will be capable of flyingE:::::::} missions at altitudes up to

10,000 feet carrying a payload of five pounds. Prototype hard-
within a CEP of 70 feet at distances tel

ware will enable the vehicle to be positioned and controlled
These capa-
bilities are sufficient to perform intelligence collection

missions against typical peripheral targets in USSR, China,
and Cuba.
Computer programs have been developed to supply the detailed
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design information needed to construct an AQUILINE vehicle and

its subsystems. The computer program will optimize the vehicle
and payloads for a specific mission against a specific target.
and gives the probability of success for the mission. Y
B. FY 1968 Goals.
During fiscal year 1968, research and development on an
Advanced Operational Capability (AOC) will be initiated. This
program will consider four-cycle internal combustion engine
designs, advanced subsystem elements, and payload instrumenta-
tion resulting from current microelectronics research and
development efforts. The initial AOC goal will be for[::::::::]
round-trip missions. Possible target areas would be the coastal
regions of the Barents Sea, China, Vietnam, and Cuba. Low
altitude imagery, ELINT and SIGINT collection devices are typical
payloads which could be carried. A
C. FY 1969 Goals.
’
The AQUILINE system capabilities for fiscal year 1969 will

be increased by an advanced four-cycle engine which will extend
the range to\::::::::] Emerging navigational technologies such
as will provide the capability of using the
AQUILINE vehicles in one-way missions against Lop Nor, Shuang-
ch'eng-tzu and Sary Shagan. One specific objective for fiscal
*A navigation concept which utilizes the long range Navy OMEGA

radio transmissions, retransmitted through a synchronous satel-
lite to the ground station for decommutation and position location
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year 1969 will be to emplace a black box within a CEP of

1/2 n.m. at 2400 n.m.
D. Ultimate Goals. '
During fiscal year 1970 and beyond, research and develop-

ment will be oriented-toward increasing the range, navigational
accuracy, data communication and storage capacities, loiter
time at target and the overall reliability of the system. Im-
proved payloads which are lighter in weight will be under
development to collect a wider range of intelligence data under
varying conditions. In addition, initial operational experience
obtained from earlier deployed AQUILINE systems will be used to
guide future AQUILINE development. -
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IV Program Plan
“A. Approach. n
4
The program plan used for development of an AQUILINE (

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system during fiscal year 1967 will be replaced by an overall

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system's program in fiscal year 1968. This is necessary for

a variety of reasons. During fiscal year 1967, there were'three
program areas:
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1. IOC prototype development.

2. Interface (conceptual development)
a
3. Subsystem development
Three vehicles, each with increasing capability, were designed
and constructed under the IOC prototype development program
If in fiscal year 1968 we
\
were to follow this same schedule of building increasingly

refined’test vehicles, we would quickly exceed fiscal year 1968
funding of[::::::::::]. In addition, our increased understand-
ing of the various subsystem requirements and a better estimate
of the costs involved in achieving these requirements has
placed ever increasing strain on our limited funds.
Further, mission analysis studies revealed that in order
to achieve acceptable probabilities of success against any par- -
ticular target, a specially designed vehicle system should be

constructed and deployed. In an environment of continually
changing intelligence requirements,-it becomes extremely difficult

T
new
and prohibitively expensive to predict the mission requirement
and the operation schedule. To plan for an AQUILINE development
which provides as milestones an increasing inventory of vehicle
systems designed for general purpose missions seems to us(to be
an inappropriate and expensive approach to the Agency's particu-
lar problem. None of these vehicle systems, in all probability,
would be the optimum vehicle required to perform an intelligence
mission when the need arises. To adjust the AQUILINE development
plan to the available funds and to the specific capability needs
of the Agency, a new plan has been formulated and put into
effect. '
B. Development Plan. =
As shown in Figure 3, the program emphasis is now being

-put on developing a capability in terms of the developing state-
of-knowledge which can be assessed on command by management.
This is done by establishing the two computer programs shown.
The scheme works as follows. For fiscal year 1968 the control
of the program is vested in the Advanced Conceptual Development
team (Douglas Aircraft working under the direction of the Con-
tracting Officer's Technical Representative*). The information
library for the developmental program is a computer program
endowed in its subroutines with all of the known or estimated
(temporarily) characteristics of the IOC AQUILINE vehicle system.
At the periphery of this information base are the various sub-
*COTR
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system project engineers (Douglas) who are charged with generating

requirements, subsystem development and updating and refining the
information stored in that particular subsystem computer sub-
.
,
routine. The computer can at any time be instructed to read

_
V
out
the current capability of the IOC family of vehicles under de-
velopment.} This information, for instance, would include the
range, payload capability and "signature" (i.e., IR, radar, visual
and acoustic signal) emanating from the vehicle system.
A second computer program has been established in order
”
to make maximum use of this information. The information for

this computer is derived from reiterated survivability studies.
The mission survivability computer program predicts the ability
(probability) of the selected AQUILINE vehicle to penetrate
undetected through the radar, visible, and acoustic defenses of ,
a hostile country. In order to describe the radar defenses, the

location and characteristics of each radar, including radar
horizon and ground clutter, are read into the computer program.
The visible and acoustic defenses are described by the population
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density distribution.
‘
A candidate mission profile and vehicle are

then chosen for gathering intelligence from a selected target
behind the defense system. The mission profile is described by
the position-time-function of the flight path (altitude, velocity,
position vs. time), the cloud cover, the background-sky contrast
and the sun-aircraft relationship along the route. The candidate
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aircraft is described by its radar cross section (as a function

of viewing angle), its physical size and the acoustic and
infrared characteristics of the power plant. With these data,_
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the computer program determines the probability of undetected
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penetration through the radar, visible and acoustic defenses.

Should any of these probabilities prove unacceptable, a new
mission profile and/or vehicle can be chosen which concentrates
specifically on that aspect of penetration.
C. Flight Tests. _
» In order tosassure that the information stored in the

computer yields an accurate representation of the physical
characteristics of the vehicle, two additional components of the
development plan must be provided. These are the Prototype
Systems Development (IOC) and Test Range Programs. Within the
Prototype Systems Development Program, a number of test vehicles
are designed and fabricated. (Five vehicles are planned for
fiscal year 1968.) .These vehicles are designed primarily to be
test flown in a particular manner such as to augment or update
the flight performance information stored in the computer. The
vehicles are also used to carry developmental subsystems in ex-
perimental flight tests. The vehicles, then,are designed to be
representative of the IOC family of vehicles, modified slightly
to accommodate other requirements of the program.
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A test range for flight testing the developing

AQUILINE system has been established at Randsburg Wash, a
secure range on the Naval Ordnance Test Station at China
Lake, California. The facilities and facilities support I I
are being supplied by the Navy under a task order from the
Agency. The prime contractor (Douglas) has established and
maintains the instrumentation on the test range.
D. Summary of Development Concept. _
In summary then, what the program attempts to provide

is a developing capability in intelligence collection
systems which can be assessed on command by management at
any time and from which they can define the optimum AQUILINE
collection system for a specific current intelligence
requirement.
In essence, the program plan is to develop a series of
‘
AQUILINE subsystems (Figure 4) which will be fabricated,

tested in flight, and evaluated. The characteristics of
these subsystems will be permanently stored in the computer
44LlJ-lJ_l_LIJ
memory. Each subsystem R&D program has its own goal mile-
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stones which are calculated to be integrated with the total
system capability development.
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.Each of the major subsystems may be expanded to indicate

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the long-range plans in that area. In Navigation (Figure 4,

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Item III—C), for example, R&D programs are being carried

out or planned for all of the fundamental techniques listed.
This broad approach is necessary because no one technique v
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currently offers the potential to satisfy all of the probable

requirements. 4
In conjunction with the subsystem capability development,

mission environmental information for some of the most likely
targets is being collected from other offices and stored for
evaluation and collation with specific system configurations.
Sociological studies in conjunction with wildlife information
would aid in a determination of the probability of detection
and recognition. The population distribution would be a measure
of likelihood of detection while the birdlife studies would
reveal the likelihood of the vehicle registering as a bird or
a normally appearing object to the observer. It also is obvious
that survivability is dependent on current meteorological data,

geographic features and intrusion defense posture. The political
situation would affect the determination for detection and
reaction of recognition by local governments, thus affecting the
calculated risk that may be taken.
Collatiofi of all the subsystem data and environmentals
would be an impossible task without the aid of modern computer
techniques. ~However, the computer technique used in this program
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can compare all the R&D results achieved to date and provide
answers to optimize the future AQUILINE development plan for
any of three alternatives:
‘
l. Most efficient use of available R&D funds.

2. Most effective pacing of subsystem develop-
ments for orderly buildup of-system capability.
3. Most effective combination of platform and
‘
subsystem elements in a possible crash program to
develop a particular mission-oriented system.
__E. Management and Funding.
During fiscal years 1966 and 1967, the program was broken
down into its major components in accordance with Figure 5.
During fiscal year 1967, although the funding was increased to

[4fi]dollars including AQUILINE-related efforts, the.
,program from an Agency management point of view had not progressed
to the point where it was considered a system endeavor. (A
system plan will be initiated in fiscal year l968 and is discussed
later.) The funding for the program was provided in a piece-
meal fashion, project by project as the program areas became
defined, In order to manage the many separate contract packages
as an integrated program development, an AQUILINE budget sheet -
was used for funding control. Figure 6 is a representative copy

of this budget showing the total budget funds, the office's
plan to commit these funds, and the status of commitment of funds
18
under the general program. By this means, management was kept

apprised of the progress of the overall program and the effort
that the new dollars committed were to fund. v
The funding for AQUILINE in fiscal year 1968 is based

'
on a master AP/ORD program with a system contractor (See Figure

3). ‘several individual AP/ORD support contracts with other
contractors and a moderate number_of AQUILINE related projects
(mainly payload R&D) monitored by other divisions are funded
separately in support of the program. The basic funding program
supports many tasks in subsystem development, environmental
studies, mission analysis, and flight testing. Individual fund-
ing of these tasks in fiscal year 1967 created unnecessary
complications in contract negotiations and management as well as
increasing the problems of coordinating and synchronizing the
technical
p
developments of each subsystem. A new technique will
_
be used for fiscal year 1968 program funding and control. This
plan will provide the required program development flexibility
and still assure adequate control by the COTR of the rate of ex- M
penditure of funds.
.
~
A master contract will be let with the McDonnell-Douglas
Company. The request for fiscal year 1968 funds to Agency
management will indicate the total contract price and costs of
the four major subcontract elements. This breakdown of costs will
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be similar to that shown in Figure 4. There are a number of

major subcontracts which will be let by McDonnell-Douglas in
fiscal year 1968. In fiscal year 1967 the composite fee v
negotiated with McDonnell—Douglas was[::]based on a ratio of
Prime to Subcontract effort of approximatelyE:::] A new com-
posite fee will be negotiated with the prime contractor based
on the new Prime/Subcontract ratio.
In addition, the master contract will establish a fund-
ing limitation on a quarterly basis. Within this funding
limitation, McDonnell—Doug1as will request funds on a task
basis against which costs, technical milestones and delivery
_7\ '
schedules will be submitted to the COTR. On approval by the ff
COTR, the contract officer will authorize funds for the task.
With this mechanism both the technical and financial progress
of the program will be more closely monitored. At the same
time, the COTR will have the required flexibi1ity,found
necessary during early stages of the program, to adjust the
direction of the total effort in accordance with the developing
technology.
The preceding plan was considered more appropriate to
the AQUILINE development program than a PERT COST analysis.
However, PERT TIME analysis is maintained on both the advanced
system development and prototype system development elements of
the program. ‘
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_The prime contractor has formulated a detailed fiscal

year/1968 system program plan (Figure 8) for a[::::::::::::j
3
dollar budget. AP/ORD proposes to use this system plan byv
funding the highest priority tasks to a current budget ceiling
of E::::::::::::]do11ars. Therefore, additional funding, if
it becomes available throughout the year, can be wisely used
and coordinated with the overall AQUILINE program. A summary
of the projected AQUILINE costs through fiscal year 1973 is
shown in Figure 9.
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V Operational Development
A
The development of an operational AQUILINE system

requires development of the aircraft system and payloads as '
well as ground control equipment, operations support facilities

and personnel. .
Although plans for fiscal year 1968 include study and

parametric definition of the gnaund control equipment and
operations support requirements, the plan is once again to
develcp only those components which have commonality to all
possible missions.
A
All aspects of the problem would be researched, however,”

.
and a prototype of the basic ground control equipment would be

developed. Keeping in mind that the costs of acquiring an
operational capability are not funded, and that what is indi-
cated is 0RD's ability to respond technologically to a require-
ment for an operational system, the projected operational
capability for AQUILINE is shown in Figure 7.
The development of the AQUILINE concept has required a hard_
look at the future of technical intelligence collection. As
a result, it has been catalytic in the generation of a variety
of new development projects. Although many of these new areas,'
i.e., small IR scanners, microminiaturization of ELINT receivers,
recorders, communication and navigation equipment, etc., have
application in the AQUILINE program, they also meet more general
22
needs of the Agency. In any funding analysis it would be

improper, therefore, to assess the AQUILINE program on a direct
basis for the development costs in these areas. Figure 9
apportions the total costs of the program in accordance wrth
this point of view.
The AQUILINE system is being designed to provide an un-
usual degree of flexibility in both the types of mission and
the operational modes that it can accommodate. Therefore,
without defining the type of intelligence to be collected, the
target, and the operation scenario, it is difficult to project
the costs of an operation.
ORD has, however, projected the cost of a 100 mission/1 year
operation. The breakdown, shown in Figure 10, considers two
alternate vehicles: a) an internal combustion engine propulsion _
system with a max. range of 2400 n.m.; and b) a radioisotope

fueled engine propulsion system with 36,000 n.m. or 30-day
flight duration capability. '
-
The mix and quantity of payloads were selected to support
100 missions against typical targets of present and future
interest. Spares are included in the quantities shown, with
repair.and maintenance included in 0&M costs as shown.
-
Mission analysis studies have shown that 50 IC systems

is a good estimate of the number of vehicles needed to conduct
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100 single target missions. Twenty-five radioisotope fueled

vehicles would be required for the same number of targets since
it is assumed that a system with a thirty-day flight endurance
capability could cover more than one target/mission. V
Although the total estimated cost of one year of sustained

operations for the IC and RI systems is
$[::::::::] and $E:::::::::1
respectively, one can, using Figure l0, determine the approximate
cost of other mixes of payloads/missions, and/or vehicles should
one desire. -(Costs, however, are based on the quantity shown.)
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AQUILINE BUDGET WORK SHEET

BUDGE TED UNBUDGE TED
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TITLE ,1 _PROJECT NO? CONTRACTOR FY 1966 '-

FY 1967 FY 1968 ‘
FY 1968
’I Prototype System Development A-400l—A—0l Douglas —— (
II Advanced Systems Definition

Studies '
A—400l—A—02
Douglas Douglas
E1
_
A.
B. AP/ORD Conceptual Sup—
--
. .
port/Other Contractors TBD

i
III Subsystem Development

_
A.- Advanced Aerodynamics

1. Coanda Studies A—4030—A—0l IITRI -
--
2. Advanced Vehicles 0-7020 TBD
3. Wind Tunnel Tests 0-7020
B. Advanced Propulsion -
l. Souped—up 2—Cyc1e Eng. Marquardt

2. 4—Cyc1e D&E A—400l—A—0l DAC/Lyc
* 3. 4 Cycle
". *aJ Reciprocating PC Eng. Tech.
.* b. Wankel (Rotary) PC OMC “
4. Free Piston SRI
I
5. R.I.P.S. A—4ll0—A—0l DAC/GM
6. Coanda Thrust Gen-
erators -
C. Navigation Systems Dev. A—4060—A—0l Litton

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Update TBD
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5. Satellite Systems DAC/TBD
* 6. TV Mapping/Correlation Optics
7. Altimeter
a. Improved Barometric
.
b. Radio DAC
*
c. Imagery Derived V/H

D. Communications
1. Signal Processing
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2. Data Storage/Handling A—4l20—A—0l
A
Philco
_
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4. Detectability and
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Satellite Commo ESL
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-
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*d. Acoustic PC Battelle
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DAC
3. Meteorology TBD
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FY 1968
Launch & Recovery
2.
(Air, Land & Water)
Requirements Study-
a. Prototype Dev.
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3) Water
H. TV Eye
Slow Scan Optics
Solid State (Mosaic) AP
Digiton
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I. Payloads
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TV Eye Optics
RP Mitras
SIGINT AP Telcom
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J. Operations Research Winston
IV Range Test Support A—416O Navy
A. 0&M on Facilities Douglas
B. O&M on Instrumentation Douglas
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D. Douglas Support of
AQUILINE Related
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FY'67 Committed Proposed Spending

Project
C
R/D No. Budget Amount Date Amount Date Contractor
VEHICLE SYSTEMS
A
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Douglas Aircraft
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Interface A4000—AO2 Nov.

CONTROL & GUIDANCE ‘
Litton
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Radio Nav.
COMMUNICATIONS
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Philco Corporation
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GROUND SUPPORT
Test Range Support (NOTS) As req'd. To be determined
Launcher Jan. Douglas Aircraft
PROPULSION A4llO—A0l
4 Cycle I. C. Jan. Douglas /P ratt—Whitney
Radio-Isotope Jan. Douglas/General Motors
ADVANCED PLATFORMS A46 30-A01 Feb. ITTRI/Douglas Aircraft
ANTENNA SYSTEM A4l80— A01 Radiation Systems, lnc.
IR AND TV EYE
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SloW'Scan TV Jan. Teledyne
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PROPULSION 2- Cycle internal
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Radioisotope
Lop Nor Shuang—Ch'Eng- USSR

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TARGETS Chinese and Vietnam tzu China
ANY TARGET
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80% of Targets of lnte rest
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Cep 4 N. M. ment Reconnaissance
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ADAPTIVE
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CAPABILITY Secure Commo
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INTELLIGENCE Low Altitude Imagery Event Indicator Monitor Missile and

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Approved for Release: 2020/O2/11 CO3055187

S EI
’AQUILINE
Summary of Projected Costs (X 1000)
TITLE FY'66 *FY’67 *FY'68 FY'69 FY'7O FY'71 FY'72 FY'73

i
BASIC SYSTEM DEV:ELOPMEN'1j
I Prototype Sys. Dev.

II Advanced Sys. Def.
III Subsystem Dev.
IV Test Range __
Subtotal
A@__;j;._.p_11~m: SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT

III Subsystem Dev.
Payload Dev. __i_,_i,__,__
.€_i_1_1
Subtotal
TOTAL PROGRAM BY F.Y.

\
i
4
4
.
*Budgeted M
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i
‘
PROJECTED AQUILINE OPERATIONAL COSTS
Vehicles 25 Vehicles
‘U C Os t S <50
100 Missionsv
Cost $(100
Mission
Inte rnal R ad1o1s otopes
Combustion No, 36, 000 n m
System Element Req'd. @ x $1000 600-2400 n.m. Totals _
Req‘d @ X $1000 or 30-day Flt Totals
I Payloads
Elint (Repeater)
Elint (On -board record)
Nuclear BB]Empl.
Missile BB/Empl.
BB Interrogate
1 yr. O&M and Training
'\
II Vehicle
TV Eye
Radio Navigation -
Electronics (Rec. /Tr 8.I1S

Autopilot and Contr.
2
Airframe
Altimeter
Batteries -
*
'
Engine & Generator

Fuel Inventoryl Flt.
1 yr. O&MAand Training

. /
Figure 10.
S‘; %;u.._|

-'V,'i"i ., s s I T I _ _ __
.,,imI.,,,
;, ,
,,,,a,_
y
PROJECTED AQUILINE OPERATIONAL COST§ (con1;'d)

-
so Vehicles) 25 Vehiclesg
Costs
"' C°stS( 100 Missions (100 Mission
i
'
-
‘
'
R adiois otopes
~ '
Internal
Combustion N0. 36, 000 n.m.
I
Totals Req'd @ X $1000 or 30 -day Flt Totals

System Element Req'd. @x$l000 600-2400n.m. _
.
.
III Ground Station (Comm.

Cont. Data Storage &
,
Readout)
‘
Mobile (Sea & Air)

Land Based
SatellitePiggyback
Electronics
Relays & Support
Aircraft
1 yr. O&l\/I and Training
IV Data Proc. & Mission Plan.

‘”
-
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Video *.
‘>
Analysis
Waveform
GRAND TOTALS
K
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Approved TOF RBIGGSGI ZUZU/U2/'|'| CU3Ubb'| 8/

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

Nature and Purpose of the Study i

FY 1967 Development Program

III Program Objectives 9'

Figure Development Plan

Q. Excluded {rem automlﬂc

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

/'\[J[JlUVUU IUI KUIUGDU. LULUIULI I I k/UOUUU IOI

I Nature and Purpose of the Study .

In response to a Bureau of the Budget request, a researchf

This study is organized into four major sections. Section

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

including a description of its intelligence collection poten-

description of the basic technology involved in the development

During the past four years, the Office of Research and

Development has been investigating advanced concepts by which

A solution to our present difficulty would be to employ a

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

to the point where these small, light-weight, low power black

low speed characteristics added to a long loiter time capability

would permit detailed examination of the targetiareas and per-

wquld be unmanned, smaller, and cheaper and, therefore, ex-

1. Vehicle. A small aerodynamically clean vehicle

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

3. Tests of mockup models demonstrate

target area, loitering unobtrusively while

6. Secure communications for

type, satellites or CHECKROTE.

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11

weight, and speed, the vehicle can be launched

'*Used to designate the first generation vehicle

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

2._v The continuation of advanced system studies by

system areas of aerodynamics, propulsion, navigation,v

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

III Program Objectives

The AQUILINE development program is designed to be evolu-

the technology currently available (see Figure 3). A more

will be capable of flyingE:::::::} missions at altitudes up to

within a CEP of 70 feet at distances tel

bilities are sufficient to perform intelligence collection

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

design information needed to construct an AQUILINE vehicle and

The AQUILINE system capabilities for fiscal year 1969 will

*A navigation concept which utilizes the long range Navy OMEGA

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

year 1969 will be to emplace a black box within a CEP of

During fiscal year 1970 and beyond, research and develop-

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

The program plan used for development of an AQUILINE (

system during fiscal year 1967 will be replaced by an overall

system's program in fiscal year 1968. This is necessary for

1. IOC prototype development.

were to follow this same schedule of building increasingly

ticular target, a specially designed vehicle system should be

changing intelligence requirements,-it becomes extremely difficult

Approved for Release: 2020/02/11 C03055187

As shown in Figure 3, the program emphasis is now being

Approved for Re|ease:_2020/02/11 C03055187

system project engineers (Douglas) who are charged with generating