AdditionandSubtraction

3
In this chapteryou will learn..
andfourdigitnumbers
O how to addandsubtractthree-digit
@ how to addandsubtractlargernumbers

{ Up to Four Digits
LearnAbout lt
There are lots of different ways to add numbers.
Look at this question:add 245 + 381. Three different people will show you
how they do it.
1- Janice does it like this. She adds each digit of 381 in turn by splitting 381
into 1,8O and 3oo.
245+l=246
246+8O=326
326+3oo=626.
Try doing 473 + 255 like this.

Word Check
sum' the result of adding numbers together
plus the + sign
cafry add I or more to the next column when
the sum of the digits in the column is greater
than 9

Rob adds 245 + 381 like this. He adds the hundreds, tens and units of both
numbers separately, then adds these totals together to get the answer.
'"iffi
200 + 300 = 500 I
too+12o+6=626
=1;; I
Try doing 264 + 54L Rob's way.
 Unit 2 The FourOperations

Mary adds 245 + 38L like this. She sets it out in columns
and adds the columns up from right to left. She carries
any extra tens or hundreds into the next column.

zls zli 215

+ -T
3 8 1 + _TE
3 8 1 + 3 8 1
1l F
4
l l
tens: hundreds:
+
units:
5+1=6 l+8=lz2 2+3=5
write2 here,carry youwouldwrite5 herebutyou
I to hundreds needto addtheI carried from
before,sowrite6 here

Try doing 657 + 216 Mary's way.

Word Check
place/colufiln a
position in a number
where a digit can be put

Try lt Out
tO out the different methods on these questions-
6
Do each one two different ways.
127+51 246+37 372+4r
4 153+89 5 256+t44 6 648+337

LearnMoreAbout lt
Look at this question: subtract 435 - 267. The same people have their own
ways of doing this, too.
1 Janice does it like this. She subtracts each digit of 257
by splitting it into 7,6O and2OO.
435-7=428
428-60=368
368 -2oo = 168.
Try doing 473 - 255 like this.
2 Rob subtracts435 - 267 lke this. He works from the smallernumber
to the bigger one in steps.This is called counting on.

fto rcxt td fto rsgcx+

\od fto Fvsl tOd (fiml 10d (final units) ,f,
zoz
@ zzo
lG 3oo
lD 4oo
lre qso
lre\ qes y'-'L
 Chapter3 Additionand Subtraction

To find the answer, Rob adds together all the numbers he had to add on to
267 to reach 435.
3 + 30+ 100 + 30 + 5 = l0O + 60 + 8 = 168.
Try doing 641- 264 Rob's way.
Mary subtracts 435 - 267like this. She sets it out in
columns and subtracts the columns from right to left. She
borrows tens or hundreds from the next column if the top
number isn't big enough.
Try doing 657 - 276Mary'sway.

3 215 2t5 3 1215

415 4/l 41fi t/i {tF

-267 -267
--8
-2 67
---6' -w
-26^7 -267
TTT
II II I
I l
I t
units: units: tens: -qs: hundreds:
youcan'ttake 5 changed to l5 youcanttake 2 changed to /2 3-2=1
7from5 soyou ,(0) changed to 2(0) 6from2 soyou 4(001 changed
needto borrowten 1 5 - 7= I borrowa hundred t o 3 ( f i ) l 1 2 - 6 = 6

Word Check
difference the result of subtracting
numbers
rninus the - sign
borrow use a ten or hundred from
the next column when the digit
you are subtracting is too big

Try lt Out
@ try out the different methods on these questions.
Do each one two different ways.
1 58-35 2 64 -28 3 126-83 4 r50-95

Practice
@ Sn.l.y is in charge of the money for a charity. At the end of each day, she
writes down the amount of money people have given. She also works out how
much money she has collected so far. Copy the table on ptge 28 and fill in the
gaps in her sheet.
 Unit 2 The FourOperations

Day Amount Totalso far

Mon $265 $621
Tue $124 $ .
Wed $318 $
Thu $576 $
Fri $ $1832
Sat $ $2166
Sun $ $2505

@ ," each question, one answer is different from the other two.
Find the'odd one out'.

Example (a) 45 + 28 (b) 16 + 58 (c) 95 - zz

Working (a)45+28=73
(b) 16 + 58=74
(c) 95 - 22 =73
Answer (b) is the odd one out.

1 (a) 32+7r (b) 65 + 3s (c) 165 - 6r

2 (a) 162 + r88 (b) 425 - 175 (c) 627 - 277
3 (a) 1056+ 3rrr (b) 6143 - 2056 (c) 4r4r - 54
4 (a) 42,8+ 2lg7 + t6g (b) 1444+ 1444- r44 (c) 3441 - r49 - 5oo

Finished Early?
Further Practice @ oo to page334
@ Ur. the method you prefer to answer these.
1 6 2 D i 2 r44 Dr
3 5 7 1D ? 4 627 Di
5 3 1 6D ? 6 62 Di
7 r44fD>? 8 57r Dt
s 627f-> ? 10 1248D ?

Finished Eady?
g o" to page334
 Chaoter3 Additionand Subtraction

4 LargeNumbers
LearnAbout lt
This section is about adding and subtracting larger numbers. These have more
than four digits. You can use any of the methods you know.

Errample Find the sum of 265848 and | 5714OO.

w o r k i n g A d d th e n u mb e rs. iut aqg
Answer 1837.248 +L57tL| 0O
1,837 Z.18

Example Find the difference between 4A 42 0

265848 and 1,5714OO. 6 A IMrc

Working ' Subtract the smaller number from 1 q
/ T 4Q Q
- 7 6 5 I q 8
the bigger one.
I305 552
Answer | 3O5 552

Try lt Out
The table on the right gives the
areas of the continents to the nearest
1OOOsq km. Africa 30264000
Antarctica 13209000
1 Find the area of
(a) Europe andAntarctica together;
Asia 44250000
(b) Africa andAsia together.
Europe I 907000
NorthAmerica 24398000
2 Find the difference in area between
0ceania I 534000
(a) Europe and Oceania;
SouthAmerica 17793000
(b) North and SouthAmerica.
The table on the right gives the area
of some Caribbean countries.
Antigua 280
3 Find the difference in area between
Barbados 431
(a) AntiguaandJamuca 'Grenada
344
(b) Guyana andJamaica
Jamaica 10990
Find the sum of the areas of all the St.Lucia 616
islands given in the table. Guyana 214970
Find to the nearest 10 sq.km, the Trinidad
& Tobago 5128
area of
(a) Barbados (b) Grenada
(c) St. Lucia (d) Trinidad &Tobago
 Unit2 Thefou Operations

Practice
@ *t able shows how many people live in someBritish cities - their populadon.
1 (a).Find the total population of the
Scottish cities, Edinburgh and
Glasgow Belfast 280972
(b) One other city's population is Birmingham 2500400
'Which Edinburgh
very close to this total. is 423213
it, and what is the difference? Glasgow 63[542
2 Birmingham is the next biggest city London 6378000
after London. What is the differcnce Manchester 2M5200
in population? Newcastle
uponTyne r 087000
The table below gives the population of some Caribbean countries.
3 Find the totd population of the
islands given irt the table.
4 What is the differcnce betqreen the Antigua 67120
populations ofJamaica and Guyana? Barbados 265030
Grenada 97830
5 Write all the populations given in the
Jamaica 2634670
table correct to the nearest 1OOO.
St.Lucia 157540
Guyana 748950
Trinidad
& Tobago 1335730

G) *t picture shows part of the Solar System. Eachplanet's d.lstance from the
Sun is mCrked.
 Chapter3 AdditionandSubtraction

Use the picture on page 3O to answer the following questions.

1 Work out the width of each planefs orbit. Add each distance to itself.

F-arnFle Mercury
worklng 579ffi0OO + 5790O0OO
Answer 1158OOOOOkm

Work out how wide the gaps between the orbits are. Take one distance
away from the other.

Example Mercurytovenus
worklng 1O820OOOO- 57 9OO00o
Answer ioloooookm
FinishedEady?
Q c" to page334
O further Practice
The table shows how many people are employed by some big car makers.

USA General 765700

Mord 358939
Germany' Denz 326288
Volker 260548
France Reneot 188$t6
Peugeault 160600

Work out the total number of people working for

(a) theAmerican car makers;
(b) the German car makers;
(c) the French car makers.

2 rVork out hov/ rumy mor€ people work

(a) in theAmerican companies than the German ones;
(b) in theAmerican companies than the Frendr ones;
(c) in ttre German companies than the Frendr ones.
FinishedEady?
Q c" to prge 334