Reflection, refraction and dispersion.this approach is also called kinematic kind of light.

2.physical optics

This branch deals with light as waves ,the waves are xracterised by velocity, wavelength and frequency.

ln this branch, we explain phenomena like interference,difraction, polarisation and double refraction,
the properties of light here are related to electromagnetic waves.

3 Quantum optics

We compose light to have particles called quantums ,we study processes of emission and absorption of
such particles ,it needs to light specta and light scattering.

Theories of light

Copascular theory- proposed by sir lsaac newton , he said light consist of corpascles of tiny particles and
moves at a speed of 3.0*10^8 .

Light should travel faster in material medium

Light travels faster in vacuum and material medium

The copascular theory failed to explain refraction.,

2 Wave theory

He proposed that light is energy in the form of waves,or mechanical waves,the Wave theory explain
wave refraction and reflection,later it explained interference difraction,and polarisation

Mechanical waves need a material medium for transmision

3 Electromagnetic Wave theory by Maxwell.

It suggests that light is an electromagnetic wave

Mechanical waves requires a material medium for transmision while for EM wave not

An EM wave consists of fluctuating magnet and electric fields which are mutually at right angles to the
direction of waves.light is a combination of two waves.

This theory could not explain the photoelectric effect

4 Photon theory

Light is said to consist of photons with minimum energy content.

5;The wave particle theory