Heavy Equipment Technology and

Management in Construction Works

(Teknologi dan Manajemen Alat Berat pada Pekerjaan Konstruksi)

PERKUMPULAN INDUSTRI ALAT BESAR INDONESIA

Sekretariat: Pusat Pengembangan Industri Komatsu Indonesia
Jl Raya Cakung Cilincing Km-4, Jakarta 14140, Indonesia, Phone: +6221-4400611 4
Homepage:http://www.hinabi.org
 Objectives
P5

After attending this sharing session participants are able to:

 Able to understand the types of heavy equipment

 Able to understand how heavy equipment works

Able to understand heavy equipment applications
 in construction project
Introduction P6

What do you think about

heavy equipment in
construction projects?
Introduction P7

Typical building life cycle

Use/
Design Preparation Construction End of life
Maintenance

❑Legal aspect ❑Land ❑Earth ❑Servicing/ ❑Reuse/

❑Budget clearing moving/ maintenance/ recovery
❑Design & ❑Road transport refurbishing ❑Demolition
Planning access ❑Building/ of utility
❑Field survey preparation engineering
(are, soil, etc) construction

Generally, heavy equipment make construction job easier and

faster from land preparation, construction process, maintain, until
end of building life.
Use of heavy equipment must be match with construction
project needs, wrong selection of this equipment can be lowering
productivity, difficult to achieve schedule, and additional cost.

➱ to optimize project productivity and cost, its important to

understand type and function of heavy equipment.
1. Heavy Equipment in Construction Works P8

Bulldozer Hydraulic Excavator

Operating cost
Characteristic operation at
construction works:
- Light Operation
- Some construction jobs require
Compactor Motor Grader special machines
1. Construction Equipment Earthwork P9

Today topics will focused on

following machine:
- Excavator - Motor Grader
- Bulldozer
1. Excavator P10
Main function of excavator is
to excavate (dig and move) earth Type 1: Cable-operated excavator
material such as soil, sand or coal.
Average human size

Typical
bucket
capacity
60~80 m3

oAvailable on massive
bucket capacity
oComplicated driving
system
oLow working performance

Type 2: Hydraulic excavator

Crawler type Hydraulic Excavator Hybrid crawler Minimal Swing Mini excavator (under 6ton)
Excavator Wheel Type type excavator Radius Excavator

Hydraulic
Excavator
Loading
Shovel Type
1. Excavator P11

How Hydraulic Excavator Works ?

So to keep it simple.
Excavator works just like
our Arm
1. Excavator: main component and function P12
3. Work Equipment
This parts contains component such as
Main Component
Bucket, Arm, Boom and Cylinder with
main function for digging and loading.
and Function
1. Upper Structure
This parts contains component such as
Engine, Cab, Main Pump, Control Valves
and so on. Main function of these
components are to provide power and
control to Excavator.

MAIN PUMP
ENGINE CAB
CONTROL VALVE

2. Lower
Structure REVOLVING FRAME

This parts contains component such

Final drives, Shoe Assembly with main function
to enables excavator to move on the ground.
1. Excavator: Specification selection P13
a. Work equipment and shoe (width) selection
Arm
Boom

Bucket
Shoe

Crawler length

20ton excavator STD reach

Shoe
width
Max. digging height Max. digging reach Max. digging depth
1. Excavator P14

b. Lifting capacity Its important to understand excavator

lifting capacity to secure the payload

Lifting capacity without bucket

Lifting capacity with bucket

1. Excavator: Specification selection P15

c. Combination medium
and small excavator

highway project
HEX-20T HEX-7T
1. Excavator: Specification selection P16

d. Working reach (short tail excavator)

20ton excavator short tail reach

Short tail
excavator

Standard
excavator
1. Excavator: Specification selection P17

e. Demolition works (hydraulic breaker) Top-down building demolition

Chisel
Direction Thrust should be inline with the tool,
of Thrust which should be positioned so the breaking
direction is as near vertical as possible.

Penetrate
Impact
breaking
Breaking https://www.youtube.com/
(cutting)
watch?v=QOSD8yy7oOU
1. Excavator: Specification selection P18
f. Demolition works (Mechanical demolition)
Mechanical building demolition

Knock down system

High reach demolition

Demolition 2-piece boom

Mechanical cutter
working reach
1. Excavator: Specification selection P19

g. Super long front & amphibious excavator

Optional: mud pump

Super long front & amphibious operation

working reach
1. Excavator : Specification selection P20

h. Telescopic excavator
Clamshell bucket capacity

Working reach

Transport
1. Excavator : Specification selection P21

i. Vibro hammer (sheet pile)

Eccentric
counter mass
1. Excavator : Specification selection P22
j. Utility excavator
Mini excavator (under 6ton)

PC30UUC-6

Working reach
1. Excavator : Specification selection P23
k. Backhoe loader
1. Excavator P24
Komatsu
l. Hybrid excavator

With Hybrid machine,

Biofuel & Electrification

Komatsu CO2
reduction
target from
product use

Hybrid technology:
❑ Regeneration of electrical power
❑ Engine-assist for power on demand
❑ A smaller engine

Hybrid Excavator operation

(Morowali- Central Sulawesi) Fuel consumption reduction
1. Excavator P25

m. Electric Excavator
1. Environmental performance and fuel economy
・Human and environmental friendliness: Achieving zero exhaust gas
thanks to electric drive
・Super-low noise electric motor: Dynamically reducing noise

Battery Packs
0.09 m3
Bucket
・Two types of charging: Depending on the workplaces conditions
(Standard and Rapid)
Future

2．Comfort and safety

・Reducing the operator’s fatigue, thanks to no engine vibrations
・Making the work environment comfortable by reducing the amount of
heat generated

3．Safety, reliability and serviceability

No operator on board, vehicle ・Komatsu-original electric components: Offering excellent safety,
controller and operational device are reliability and serviceability
connected via wireless LAN ・Complete separation of routine checkup from high-voltage areas
1. Excavator P26
n. Machine Tracking System
KOMTRAX is Komatsu machine
tracking system (equipment
management) that transmit
information concerning the
location, cumulative hours of
operation and operating
condition of vehicles.

<EXAMPLE FEATURE>
Machine Energy Saving Dashboard
Information

Working
Record

Abnormality/
Caution

Machine
Location
1. Excavator P27
o. Digital Transformation by SMART CONSTRUCTION (under research)
Service that incorporates “digital twin”, connect everything present
on the site, and enabling its “visualisation” in 3D.

Twin

Digital twin
Digital twin is "a technology that gathers
information in the real (physical) site and
reproduces the real site in the cyber
(virtual) space.
1. Excavator P28
p. Digital Transformation by SMART CONSTRUCTION (under research)
GNSS Satellite
GNSS Satellite

GNSS Satellite

Inertia
measurement unit

Bucket control
GNSS receiver
(Lon/Lat/Height)

automatically selecting the point on

the bucket closest to the target
surface Stroke sensing
cylinder

Bucket cutting edge position

(calculate latitude, longitude, and height position)
Control box
 Short break P29

Which of the following photos is a Bulldozer?

Photo A Photo B
Motor grader Bulldozer
2. Bulldozer P30

A tractor (crawler type) equipped with blades is called a bulldozer.

Bulldozer pushing material: soil during construction work.

Oval drive (track)

Delta drive (track)

About delta drive (track)

They are used for
moving earth up to a Advantages Disadvantages
distance of about 100m
- Elevated drive - High manuf. cost
- Easy - Stability (rolling)
maintenance
30
2. Bulldozer P31

Main component

Cylinders
Cylinder are used to move
Blade raise/down and also Tilt.
Crawler
With this crawler, bulldozers can more even
on rough surfaces. Some crawlers can move
Frame on muddy surfaces too.
This frame is required as mounting portion for Blade
installation. Some have C-Frame and some have Straight Frame
2. Bulldozer P32

Ground pressure ❑ The ground pressure is used as reference of the bulldozer's

ability to pass on soft ground.
❑ The ground contact area can be increased by installing
wider track shoes and increasing the length of track on
ground → swamp bulldozer.
2. Bulldozer P33
Basic performance of bulldozer
2. Bulldozer P34

Basic performance of bulldozer

In the specification column of the catalogue, the operating weight, rated output, length
of track on ground, etc. are indicated, which are the basic specification values of the
bulldozer.
2. Bulldozer P35

Typical Bulldozer
operation

Cut

Fill

Heading angle (β) Slope angle (α)

Blade

Blade adjustment
2. Bulldozer P36

Bulldozer blade
Angle blade (“A”)
Universal blade (“U”)

to move large volume loads can be positioned straight or at an angle of 25 degrees to either
over a long distance. side. It is designed to be used for side-cutting

Straight blade (“S”) Rake dozer blade Sigma blade

basically a modified “U” blade.

It is physically smaller than the Special blade for remove Special blade to increase soil
“U” blade, easier to manoeuvre stump, roots, rock (land holding capacity (reducing
and can handle a wider range of clearing) sideways spillage)
materials.
2. Bulldozer: Application P37

Dozing Leveling Ripping

The most common work of a bulldozer Bulldozers are used to compact and Bulldozers can be equipped with rear work
is digging and moving. That is, the level the soil by utilizing the weight of equipment called a ripper for digging in
bulldozer digs into the ground and the bulldozer. hard soil.
pushes the soil forward. Bulldozers are
suitable for moving soil in short
distance.

Towing Trimming Skidding

Bulldozers are used to pull machines On ships, bulldozers are used for Bulldozer installed with towing winch to
called scrapers. This towed machine will leveling/fine grinding of coal, ore, carry logs.
move a large amount of dirt (dirt). grain, etc.

37
3. Motor Grader P38

Motor grader is used to finish surfaces, grade to fine limits, ditch

cleaning and cutting, dirt road maintenance and various other
tasks. They usually operate in the forward direction.

Adjustability of blade

a) Rigid Motor b) Articulated Motor

Grader Grader
3. Motor Grader P39

Motor Grader Movement

3. Motor Grader: main component P40

1. Platform Main function of these components are to provide power

and control to Motor Grader.
CAB
Control Machine operation
TRANSMISSION
ENGINE (engine, transmission, work
equipment and so on)

2. Power Train
This parts contains component such
Tandem Case, Axle, Tire & Rim with
main function to enables motor grader
3. Work Equipment to move on the ground.

TANDEM CASE
This parts contains
Transmit torque from
component such as Blade,
transmission to both Tire LH
Circle Gear, Scarifier,
or RH by means or
Ripper, and Cylinder with
mechanical (chain).
main function for loosen,
smoothed and flattened REAR AXLE
RIPPER
roadbed. Transmit torque from torque
useful for
loosen converter to Tire thru
compacted Differential Gears.
soil. BLADE 40
3. Motor Grader P41
Motor Grader Performance
3. Motor Grader: application P42

Vegetation maintenance Spreading gravel on road Road ripping

Precision road leveling with 2D machine control

Making ditch