Prospects

 of  Graphene-­‐enabled  Wireless  Communica.ons    

Ignacio  Llatser ,  Sergi  Abadal ,  Raül  Gómez  Cid-­‐Fuentes ,  Josep  Miquel  Jornet  
1 1 1 1,2

Albert  Cabellos-­‐Aparicio1,  Eduard  Alarcón1,  Josep  Solé-­‐Pareta1  and  Ian  F.  Akyildiz1,2  
1NaNoNetworking  Center  in  Catalunya  (N3Cat),  UPC  
2Broadband  Wireless  Networking  Laboratory,  Georgia  Tech  

Introduc.on  
Nanotechnology  and  Nanosystems   Nanoscale  Communica.on  &  Networks   Problem  
!   Nanotechnology  is  enabling  the  development  of  novel   !   By  means  of  communica.on,  nanosystems  will  be  able  to  
!   Wireless  communica.ons  among  nanosystems  cannot  be  
nano-­‐components…   achieve  more  complex  tasks  in  a  distributed  manner.   achieved  by  simply  reducing  the  size  of  metallic  antennas…  
!   Nanonetworks  will  boost  the  range  of  applica.ons  of  
!   …  which  can  individually  perform  specific  tasks  such  as   !   ...  since  that  would  impose  the  use  of  very  high  resonant  
nanotechnology  in  the  biomedical,  industrial  and  military  
computa.on,  data  storing,  sensing  and  actua.on.   frequencies  in  the  op.cal  range.  
fields.  
!   The  integra.on  of  several  of  these  nano-­‐components  into  a   !   The  feasibility  of  nanonetworks  would  be  compromised  if  
single  unit  will  allow  the  development  of  more  advanced   Internet
this  approach  were  followed  due  to:  
nanosystems.  
!   The  very  limited  power  of  nanosystems.  
  Nano-EM
Nano-Antenna
Transceiver !   The  low  mobility  of  electrons  in  metals  when  nanoscale  
Nano-Memory structures  are  considered.  
Nanosensors Nano-Processor
!   The  challenges  in  the  implementa.on  of  a  nano-­‐
1 μm
transceiver  able  to  operate  at  such  a  high  frequency.  
 
Nano-micro
Nano-node
interface
How  can  we  reduce  the  antenna  size  without  
Nano-router Gateway

2 μm Nano-link Micro-link
dras.cally  increasing  its  resonant  frequency???  
I.  F.  Akyildiz  and  J.  M.  Jornet,  “Electromagne-c  Wireless  Nanosensor  Networks,”  Nano  
Nano-Power Unit Communica.on  Networks  (Elsevier)  Journal,  vol.  1,  no.  1,  pp.  3-­‐19,  March  2010.  
6 μm I.  F.  Akyildiz  and  J.  M.  Jornet,  “The  Internet  of  Nano-­‐Things,”  IEEE  Wireless  Communica.ons  
Magazine,  vol.  17,  no.  6,  pp.  58-­‐63,  December  2010.  

Graphene-­‐based  Plasmonic  Nano-­‐antennas  (GRAPHENNAS)    

Graphennas   Surface  Plasmon  Polariton  Waves   Frequency  Response  
!   Graphene  is  proposed  as  the  enabling  technology  to   !   A  graphenna  supports  the  propaga.on  of  .ghtly  confined   !   Star.ng  from  the  conduc.vity  of  finite  size  graphene  
implement  wireless  communica.on  among  nanosystems:   Surface  Plasmon  Polariton  (SPP)  waves.   nanoribbons,  the  frequency  response  of  a  graphenna  can  
!   Graphene-­‐based  plasmonic  nano-­‐antennas,  or   be  computed:  
graphennas,  just  a  few  micrometers  in  size,  can  radiate   !   Due  to  their  high  effec.ve  mode  index,  the  propaga.on  
electromagne.c  waves  in  the  Terahertz  Band  (0.1-­‐10   speed  of  SPP  waves  can  be  up  to  two  orders  of  magnitude  
THz),  which  is  a  rela.vely  low  frequency  band  compared   below  the  EM  wave  propaga.on  speed  in  vacuum:  
to  that  of  metallic  antennas.   !   First,  this  reduces  the  resonant  frequency  of  the  
z graphenna,  enabling  the  use  of  much  lower  frequencies  
y than  the  ones  expected  for  such  a  small  antenna.  
!   Second,  the  lower  radia.on  frequency  of  graphennas  
L
results  in  a  lower  channel  afenua.on  and  less  strict  
requirements  for  the  transceiver.      
!   Third,  however,  the  mismatch  between  the  EM  wave  
h
x propaga.on  speed  in  the  graphenna  and  the  free  space  
W also  reduces  its  radia.on  efficiency.     !   Dependence  of  the  absorp.on  cross  sec.on  of  a  
graphene-­‐based  nano-­‐patch  antenna  as  a  func.on  of  its  
J.  M.  Jornet  and  I.  F.  Akyildiz,  “Graphene-­‐Based  Nano-­‐Antennas  for  Electromagne.c   I.  Llatser,  C.  Kremers,  A.  Cabellos-­‐Aparicio,  J.  M.  Jornet,  E.  Alarcón,  and  D.  N.  Chigrin,   width.  The  antenna  length  is  L  =  5  μm.  The  plots  
Nanonetworks  in  the  Terahertz  Band,”  in  Proc.  of  EUCAP,  Barcelona,  Spain,  April  2010.  
J.  M.  Jornet  and  I.  F.  Akyildiz,  “A  Graphene-­‐based  Plasmonic  Nano-­‐Patch  Antenna  for  
“ScaFering  of  Terahertz  Radia-on  on  a  Graphene-­‐based  Nano-­‐antenna,”  in  Proc.  of   correspond  to  infinite,  10  μm,  5  μm,  2  μm  and  1  μm  
the  4th  Interna.onal  Workshop  on  Theore.cal  and  Computa.onal  Nano-­‐Photonics,  
Terahertz  Communica-on  in  Nanonetworks,”  submifed  for  journal  publica.on,  2012.   TaCoNa-­‐Photonics,  Bad  Honnef,  Germany,  October  2011.   wide  patches  (right  to  le`).  

Graphene-­‐enabled  Wireless  Communica.ons  (GWC)  

Truly  ICT  Applica.ons   Challenges  and  Ongoing  Work   NaNoNetworking  Summit  2012  
  Barcelona,  June  21-­‐22,  2012  
Wireless  NanoSensor  Networks   Nano-­‐antenna  Design  
!   Networks  of  nanoscale  sensors  that  can  coopera.vely   !   To  develop  a  new  nano-­‐antenna  theory.   !   The  N3Summit  aims  to  become  the  main  discussion  forum  
measure  novel  nanoscale  magnitudes  with  unprecedented   for  researchers  of  the  different  scien.fic  areas  related  to  
accuracy.   !   To  build  the  first  graphenna  prototype.  
nanoscale  communica.on  networks.  

Wireless  Networks-­‐on-­‐Chip   Nano-­‐transceiver  Design   !   With  this  objec.ve  in  mind,  the  N3Summit  2012  will  bring  
together  interna.onal  researchers  to  exchange  ideas  and  
!   Wireless  communica.on  in  mul.core  processors,  which   !   To  develop  a  systema.c  methodology  for  characteriza.on,   results  related  to  the  theore.cal  and  prac.cal  aspects  of  
enable  radically  new  compu.ng  architectures.   modeling  and  design  of  graphene-­‐based  circuits.   nanodevices,  communica.ons  among  nanodevices,  nano-­‐
compu.ng  and  applica.ons  of  nanonetworks.  
Programmable  Ma\er   Terahertz  Channel  Modeling   !   For  more  details,  please  visit:  

!   Very  high  density  networks  of  nanosystems  which   !   To  develop  a  Terahertz  Band  channel  model.  
hfp://www.n3cat.upc.edu/n3summit2012/
communicate  to  dynamically  form  tangible  3D  objects.   !   To  experimentally  validate  the  model.  
scope_of_papers.php  

Ubiquitous  Compu.ng   Protocols  and  Architecture  

!   Networks  of  nanosystems  that  fit  the  human  environment   !   To  design  low  complexity  modula.ons,  coding  schemes,  and  
instead  of  forcing  humans  to  enter  theirs.   Medium  Access  Control,  addressing  and  rou.ng  solu.ons.  

Graphene  2012,  Brussels,  Belgium,  April  10-­‐13,  2012