Introduction to Routing Information Protocol (RIP), RIPv1, RIPv2,

Differences between RIPv1 and RIPv2

IP RIP (Routing Information Protocol) comes in two different versions: 1 and 2. Version 1 is a distance vector
protocol (RFC 1058) and Version 2 is a hybrid protocol (RFCs 1721 and 1722).

Routing Information Protocol Version 1 (RIPv1)

RIPv1 uses local broadcasts to share routing information. These updates are periodic in nature, occurring, by
default, every 30 seconds. To prevent packets from circling around a loop forever, both versions of RIP solve
counting to infinity by placing a hop count limit of 15 hops on packets. Any packet that reaches the sixteenth
hop will be dropped. RIPv1 is a classful protocol. RIP supports up to six equal-cost paths to a single
destination. Equal-cost path are the paths where the metric is same (Hop count).

Routing Information Protocol (RIPv2)

RIPv2 is a distance vector routing protocol with routing enhancements built into it, and it is based on RIPV1.
Therefore, it is commonly called as hybrid routing protocol.

RIPv2 uses multicasts instead of broadcasts. RIPv2 supports triggered updates. when a change occurs, a RIPv2
router will immediately propagate its routing information to its connected neighbors. RIPv2 is a classless
protocol and it supports variable-length subnet masking (VLSM).

Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 uses hop count as the metric.

Differences between RIPv1 and RIPv2

RIPv1
• Supports only classful routing (Does not support VLSM).

• No authentication.

• RIPv1 uses Broadcast.

RIPv2
• Supports classless routing (Supports VLSM). RIPv2 incorporates the addition of the network mask in the
update to allow classless routing advertisements.

• Authentication is available.

• RIPv2 uses multi-cast instead of broadcast. multicast communication reduces the burden on the network
devices that do not need to listen to RIP updates.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) Configuration

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) can be configured in a router using the following IOS commands. The
"version 2" IOS command specifies that we are using RIPv2.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)# router rip
Router(config-router)# version 2
Router(config-router)# network network_id

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) - Lab Practice

The following diagram shows our lab setup. We have three routers, three switches and three hosts connected as
below. The host names, IP addresses and the interfaces of the routers are shown in diagram. The IP addresses of
the hosts are also shown in the diagram.

If you are not familiar with a router console connection, click the following link to learn how to connect the
serial port of your computer to router console port.

Click the following link to learn how to connect to the console port of the router if there is no serial port in your
computer.

Click the following links to learn how to use HyperTerminal terminal emulator and PuTTY terminal emulator to
configure router.

Hostname and IP address configuration in Router01

Connect to Router01 console and use the following IOS commands to configure host name as Router01.

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname Router01

Router01(config)#

Use the following IOS commands to open the fast ethernet interface Fa0/0 configuration mode on Router01
and configure IP address as 172.16.0.1/16.

Router01>enable

Router01#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router01(config)#interface fa0/0

Router01(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.0.0

Router01(config-if)#no shutdown

Use the following IOS commands to open the serial interface S0/0 configuration mode on Router01 and
configure IP address as 172.17.0.1/16. You have to set a clock rate also using the "clock rate" command on
S0/0 interface, since this is the DCE side.

Router01>enable

Router01#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router01(config)#interface s0/0

Router01(config-if)#clock rate 64000

Router01(config-if)#ip address 172.17.0.1 255.255.0.0

Router01(config-if)#no shutdown

Do remember to run the "copy running-config startup-config" command from enable mode, if you want to save
the changes you have made in the router.

Hostname and IP address configuration in Router02

Connect to Router02 console and use the following IOS commands to configure host name as Router02.

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname Router02

Router02(config)#

Use the following IOS commands to open the fast ethernet interface Fa0/0 configuration mode on Router02
and configure IP address as 172.18.0.1/16.

Router02>enable

Router02#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router02(config)#interface fa0/0

Router02(config-if)#ip address 172.18.0.1 255.255.0.0

Router02(config-if)#no shutdown

Use the following IOS commands to open the serial interface S0/0 configuration mode on Router02 and
configure IP address as 172.17.0.2/16.

Router02>enable

Router02#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router02(config)#interface s0/0

Router02(config-if)#ip address 172.17.0.2 255.255.0.0

Router02(config-if)#no shutdown

Use the following IOS commands to open the serial interface S0/1 configuration mode on Router02 and
configure IP address as 172.19.0.1/16. You have to set a clock rate also using the "clock rate" command on
S0/1 interface, since this is the DCE side.

Router02>enable

Router02#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router02(config)#interface s0/1
Router02(config-if)#clock rate 64000

Router02(config-if)#ip address 172.19.0.1 255.255.0.0

Router02(config-if)#no shutdown

Do remember to run the "copy running-config startup-config" command from enable mode, if you want to save
the changes you have made in the router.

Hostname and IP address configuration in Router03

Connect to Router03 console and use the following IOS commands to configure host name as Router03.

Router>enable

Router#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname Router03

Router03(config)#

Use the following IOS commands to open the fast ethernet interface Fa0/0 configuration mode on Router03
and configure IP address as 172.20.0.1/16.

Router03>enable

Router03#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router03(config)#interface fa0/0

Router03(config-if)#ip address 172.20.0.1 255.255.0.0

Router03(config-if)#no shutdown

Use the following IOS commands to open the serial interface S0/1 configuration mode on Router03 and
configure IP address as 172.19.0.2/16.

Router03>enable

Router03#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router03(config)#interface s0/1
Router03(config-if)#ip address 172.19.0.2 255.255.0.0

Router03(config-if)#no shutdown

Do remember to run the "copy running-config startup-config" command from enable mode, if you want to save
the changes you have made in the router.

Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration in Router01

Connect to Router01 console and use the following IOS commands to configure Routing Information Protocol
Version 2 (RIPv2) in Router01. Please refer the beginning of this lesson to view the Routing Information
Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration IOS commands.

Using the IOS "network" command, as shown below, we specify only the directly connected networks of this
router.

Router01>enable

Router01#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router01(config)#router rip

Router01(config-router)#version 2

Router01(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

Router01(config-router)#network 172.17.0.0

Router01(config-router)#exit

Router01(config)#exit

Router01#

Do remember to run the "copy running-config startup-config" command from enable mode, if you want to save
the changes you have made in the router.

Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration in Router02

Connect to Router02 console and use the following IOS commands to configure Routing Information Protocol
Version 2 (RIPv2) in Router02. Please refer the beginning of this lesson to view the Routing Information
Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration IOS commands.

Using the IOS "network" command, as shown below, we specify only the directly connected networks of this
router.

Router02>enable

Router02#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router02(config)#router rip

Router02(config-router)#version 2

Router02(config-router)#network 172.17.0.0

Router02(config-router)#network 172.18.0.0

Router02(config-router)#network 172.19.0.0

Router02(config-router)#exit

Router02(config)#exit

Router02#

Do remember to run the "copy running-config startup-config" command from enable mode, if you want to save
the changes you have made in the router.

Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration in Router03

Connect to Router03 console and use the following IOS commands to configure Routing Information Protocol
Version 2 (RIPv2) in Router03. Please refer the beginning of this lesson to view the Routing Information
Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) configuration IOS commands.

Using the IOS "network" command, as shown below, we specify only the directly connected networks of this
router, which you want to advertise in your RIP network..

Router03>enable

Router03#configure terminal

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router03(config)#router rip

Router03(config-router)#version 2

Router03(config-router)#network 172.19.0.0

Router03(config-router)#network 172.20.0.0

Router03(config-router)#exit

Router03(config)#exit

Router03#
Do remember to run the "copy running-config startup-config" command from enable mode, if you want to save
the changes you have made in the router.

How to view the routing table in Router01

After the network is converged after the initial configuration and Routing Information Protocol Version 2
(RIPv2) configuration, we can use the "show ip route" to view the routing table in Router01, as shown below.

Router01>enable

Router01#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.17.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0

R 172.18.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.17.0.2, 00:00:22, Serial0/0

R 172.19.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.17.0.2, 00:00:22, Serial0/0

R 172.20.0.0/16 [120/2] via 172.17.0.2, 00:00:22, Serial0/0

The "R" character at the beginning of a line in routing table shows that it is a route discovered by Routing
Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) and "C" character shows that it is a directly connected network.

How to view the routing table in Router02

When the network is converged after the initial configuration and Routing Information Protocol Version 2
(RIPv2) configuration, we can use the "show ip route" to view the routing table in Router02, as shown below.

Router02>enable
Router02#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.17.0.1, 00:00:07, Serial0/0

C 172.17.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C 172.18.0.0/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 172.19.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/1

R 172.20.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.19.0.2, 00:00:20, Serial0/1

The "R" character at the beginning of a line in routing table shows that it is a route discovered by Routing
Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) and "C" character shows that it is a directly connected network.

How to view the routing table in Router03

When the network is converged after the initial configuration and Routing Information Protocol Version 2
(RIPv2) configuration, we can use the "show ip route" to view the routing table in Router03, as shown below.

Router03>enable

Router03#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

R 172.16.0.0/16 [120/2] via 172.19.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/1

R 172.17.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.19.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/1

R 172.18.0.0/16 [120/1] via 172.19.0.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/1

C 172.19.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial0/1

C 172.20.0.0/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

The "R" character at the beginning of a line in routing table shows that it is a route discovered by Routing
Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) and "C" character shows that it is a directly connected network.

Verify the connectivity between networks using the ping command

To verify the Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2) routes and the connectivity between networks,
run the ping command from Host01 (IP address: 172.16.0.10/16) to Host03 (IP address: 172.20.0.10/16).

C:\>ping 172.20.0.10

Pinging 172.20.0.10 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 172.20.0.10: bytes=32 time=172ms TTL=125

Reply from 172.20.0.10: bytes=32 time=188ms TTL=125
Reply from 172.20.0.10: bytes=32 time=157ms TTL=125
Reply from 172.20.0.10: bytes=32 time=188ms TTL=125

Ping statistics for 172.20.0.10:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 157ms, Maximum = 188ms, Average = 176ms

The ping reply from Host03 (IP address: 172.20.0.10/16) shows that the Routing Information Protocol Version
2 (RIPv2) is configured well in three routers and there is network connectivity between different networks.