5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 Based on the beam definition, under the same coverage point: The values of SS RSRP,
CSI RSRP, and PDSCH RSRP may vary greatly. Currently, the CSI RSRP protocol
defines a maximum of 32 beams. The mapping between SS RSRP and CSI RSRP is also
defined by protocols. Denser the SSB and CSI beam, closer the value of SS RSRP and
CSI RSRP.

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 For details, refer 38.215 5.1 UE measurement capabilities.

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 For details, refer 38.215 5.1 UE measurement capabilities.

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 For details, refer 38.215 5.1 UE measurement capabilities.

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 For details, see 38.215 5.1 UE measurement capabilities.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5G Coverage Problem Analysis

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5G Coverage Problem Analysis

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 NR broadcast beams can be configured based on scenario-specific configurations,

whereas LTE broadcast channel is a wide beam.
 In 5G RAN2.1, gNodeB supports 16 non-default scenarios, which can be specified by the
NRDUCellTrpBeam.CoverageScenario parameter.
 The default scenario is typical 3-sector network. This scenario can be applied in square
scenarios.
 The below table lists the beamwidth and tilt range supported by each RF module in the
default scenario.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 The adjustment of the tilt and azimuth degree is based on the parameter setting on the
GUI. Then, the parameter is substituted into the steering vector. The steering vector is
multiplied by the initial weight matrix to obtain the final steering vector, which is then sent
to the baseband part.
 Note: Only the maximum adjustment capability is provided here. In actual situations, when
the tilt is adjusted to a certain degree, the side lobe suppression may not be sufficient. The
adjustment range varies according to the specific requirements.
 If the upper side lobe meets the suppression requirement of 12 dB, the preset downtilt (6°)
is used as the reference. For digital RET, the increase range is 8° and the decrease range
is 3°.
 The tilt adjustment range in scenarios 1 to 5 (with a vertical 3 dB beamwidth of 6°) is –2°to
9°.
 The tilt adjustment range in scenarios 6 to 11 (with a vertical 3 dB beamwidth of 12°) is 0°
to 6°.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 RSRP is the basic of the network coverage.

 Its main factors are: site density, antenna height, transmit power, working frequency band,
azimuth, downtilt, and handover parameters. The RSRP related to 5G coverage includes
SS-RSRP and CSI-RSRP. SS-RSRP can be used for measurement evaluation in
connected mode, idle mode, and inactive state. CSI-RSRP is used for measurement
evaluation in connected mode. Currently, the live network uses both evaluation mode for
coverage ratio.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

Cell performance include：

• statistics: SS-RSRP, CSI-RSRP, SS-SINR, CSI-SINR, handover success
rate, Cell throughput

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 Cell reference power, ReferencePwr (dBm)=MaxTansmitPower-10*log(RBcell*12)

 where: MaxTransmitPower is the maximum transmit power of each channel. The
unit is dBm, which can be specified by the NRDUCellTrp.MaxTransmitPower
parameter.
 RBcell is the number of resource block (RB) corresponding to the total bandwidth
of the cell. Each RB contains 12 RE.
 Calculate the power of each RE on the other channels or signals(dBm) =ReferencePwr+
PowerOffset+10*lg(RFChannelNum)
 PowerOffset is the maximum power offset of each channel or signal relative to the
cell reference power.
 RFChannelNum is the number of physical RF channels.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 Weak coverage benchmark is based on network target. In the case above, the planned
target is -95dBm@95%. Therefore, areas lower than the target are considered as weak
coverage(yellow points).
 For the key experience demo area, the coverage level is much higher.
 Following solution could be taken to solve weak coverage problems:
 Adjust the antenna (or AAU) azimuth and downtilt, increase the antenna (or AAU)
height, and replace the antenna with a higher gain antenna to optimize the
coverage. The RET downtilt is preferred.
 If there are a large number of users in non-overlapping areas or the gap of the non-
overlapping coverage areas is big, create new base station or increase the
coverage area of the surrounding base stations to increase the depth of the
overlapping coverage of two base stations to ensure a handover area. However,
pay attention to the interference level after increasing the coverage range.
 If there is hardware fault, rectify the fault first.
 A new base station or RRU can be used to extend the coverage area in weak
coverage areas caused by concave surface, hillsides etc.
 RRU, indoor distribution system, leaky feeder, and directional antenna can be used
to solve the signal blind areas inside the elevator, tunnel, underground garage,
basement, or tall building.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 Some cell that greatly exceed the average height of the surrounding buildings can transmit
signals far away along the hill terrain or roads. This form a dominant coverage in the other
base stations’ coverage, resulting the phenomenon of “island effect”. When a call is
connected to this “island” area, the call drop will occur once the mobile station leaves the
“island” coverage. As the cells surrounding the “island” are not set as the neighboring cell.
Even if neighboring cells are configured, call drops may occur because the area of the
island is too small.
 On the two sides of the harbor/bay, if the planning of the base station is not designed
properly, the cross coverage of these two base stations will happen. As a result,
interference may occur.

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 The main causes of overshoot coverage are as follows:

 The site height is too high.
 The antenna downtilt is improperly set.
 The transmit power of the base station is too high.
 Propagation environment is some special scenarios, such as: cells along the road
direction, it is very easy to generate street waveguide effect, and the signal may
cover a long distance along the road.
 On the two sides of the river or bay, the radio propagation environment is good and
signals are difficult to control. Therefore, the overshoot coverage problem can
easily occur.

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 For a high site, a more effective method is to replace the site or adjust the transmit power
of the base station, or adjust the downtilt of the antenna to reduce the coverage of the
base station.
 When the coverage cannot be effectively improved, adjust the cell parameters to minimize
the interference impact.
 Avoid the antenna face directly on the road or use the blocking effect of surrounding
buildings to reduce the overshoot coverage. In addition, check whether co-channel
interference occurs on other base station.
 The difference between overshoot coverage and weak coverage is not absolute. If the
signal quality of the dominant cell in an area is poor, while its overshoot coverage in the far
area is dominant, this scenario can be considered as overshoot coverage or weak
coverage or both.
 The specific solution can be used to enhance the cell coverage in the cell area, or
weaken the coverage of the overshoot area.
 How to adjust accurately and minimize the impact to other cell are highly depends
on the actual situation and the experience of the optimization engineers.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 There is no clear specification on RSRP threshold for overlapping coverage. Operators

can define the RSRP threshold based on the site requirements.

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 5G Coverage Problem Analysis

 In the ideal conditions, the signal of each cell should be strictly controlled within its design
range. However, due to the complexity of the radio environment: The influence of the
terrain, building distribution, street distribution, water and so on, makes the signal very
difficult to control and cannot meet the ideal condition.
 Overlapping coverage is mainly caused by multiple base stations. Therefore, overlapping
coverage mainly occurs in urban environments with dense base stations.
 In normal cases, the typical areas of the overlapping coverage are: Tall buildings,
wide streets, viaduct, crossroads, areas around the reservoir.

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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5G Coverage Problem Analysis

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