Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CAVITE STATE
UNIVERSITY
Don Severino de las Alas Campus
Indang, Cavite
Submitted by
Grace M. Rosal
MAED
Submitted to
Introduction
“Whatever is happening in the country, whatever challenges we are facing, education must
continue, education cannot wait, our learners cannot wait, we continue with the process so we
can give hope and continuity, and contribute to the normalization of activities of our country.” -
teachers and students has been suspended. The national government, particularly the Department
continuity of education. The Philippines is in the process of adapting to the new normal form of
education at present through continuous innovations and active involvement and participation of
educators. Likewise, the work arrangement of teachers especially in the private schools has been
The key purpose of this research is to identify the current work arrangement of teachers,
especially in private schools. The current workload, work environment, and work morale were
identified through a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach by conducting surveys to the 32
Generally, the study is conducted to determine the “new normal” work arrangement of
a. workload
b. workplace
3. What is the work morale of elementary teachers in private schools of barangay Punta I,
4. What could be the feasible work arrangement in the “new normal” setup for the
Generally, the study is conducted to determine the “new normal” work arrangement of
c. workload
d. workplace
3. determine the work morale of elementary teachers in private schools of Barangay Punta
Figure 1 presents the schematic diagram of the study. In this framework, the demographic
profile and work arrangement served as the independent variables while the feasible work
arrangement for the participants was the dependent variable in the study.
Lastly, the researcher aimed to create a feasible work arrangement as perceived by the
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the New Normal Work Arrangement of Teachers in Private
Schools of Barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite
Significance of the Study
The concept of alternative work arrangement has been a new trend during this pandemic
situation. Moreover, teachers both in private and public schools are exploring alternative methods
in delivering instructions to learners, especially the distance learning. This study is focused on
determining the current work arrangement of the elementary teachers in private schools . The
findings could serve as a reference in designing alternative work arrangement for teachers and
scheduling classes for learners. These all could be beneficial to private school administrators,
The study was conducted in the elementary private schools located at Barangay of Punta
The study primarily focused on determining the “new normal” work arrangement of
The study was limited to age, sex, civil status and highest educational attainment.
Meanwhile, work arrangement was limited only to workload, work environment, and work morale.
Definition of Terms
Demographic Profile. Participant’s personal information such as age, sex, civil status and
Workload. Job arrangement of the participants in terms of teaching modality, work hours
Work Environment. The setting in terms of social features and physical conditions in
Work Morale. Is the overall viewpoint of the participants in their job, including emotions,
Participants. Teachers in the private elementary schools who are employed during School
Year 2021-2022.
Review of Related Literature
This section deals with the literature and information gathered from different sources for a
The ability of learners and teachers to interact, collaborate and build relationships with
other members was a source of satisfaction for students (Biasuttie 2011) and greatly influenced
the cohesion of learning communities (Komninou 2017), the co-construction of knowledge among
participants (Jaber et al. 2018; Jackson and Jones 2019) and the impact of online teaching and
learning practices (Bicen, Ozdamli, and Uzunboylu 2014; Yeh, 2009). Only Rakap, Jones, and
Emery (2015) found scarce interactions and difficulties in building relationships with classmates
to have little impact on teachers’ learning and focused on course content to compensate for these
social limitations. Out of the social affordances of online tools, collaboration was seen as a key
feature (Theelen et al. 2020) and an effective approach to social presence included consistent
participation, prompt communication, regular group discussion, timely and relevant contributions
Distance learning, also called distance education, e-learning, and online learning, is a form
of education in which the main elements include physical separation of teachers and students
during instruction and the use of various technologies to facilitate student-teacher and student
communication (Simonson, 2020). This is in line with the definition of Means which regards
online learning as an educational instruction that occurs using web-based technology, which may
no located face-to-face class time (Means, et. al., 2009). Distance education technology allows
students to take advantage of the convenience and flexibility of taking classes at the times and
locations they prefer (Tuckman, 2007).Based on these definitions, we can see that teachers and
students are separated in terms of distance or space, but not necessarily by time. Online learning
is thought to have several advantages over traditional face-to-face and blended education,
including flexibility and accessibility to study anywhere, at any time, without requiring one’s
physical presence at a campus location (Means, Toyama, Murphy, Bakia, & Jones, 2009; Van
Doorn & Van Doorn, 2014). In addition, learning becomes more learnercentered since it promotes
Work Environment
The global pandemic we face in 2020 has caused a huge intrusion into the special
relationship between teachers and their students. Clandinin and Connelly (1996) described the
remember a time when the out-of-classroom space has ever intruded more on the in-classroom
space. Teaching is an interaction (Jones, 2017), and COVID-19 has severely diminished this
interaction; for example, students with limited internet access were not able to see one another on
Zoom like many others, depersonalizing the “classroom” environment. While teaching was
already a difficult, complex profession, COVID-19 has pushed aside some of the heartwarming,
relational positives for teaching and replaced them with stress, increased demands, and worry
The study found out that teachers may be equipped with the knowledge and skills for
online learning but without the needed support from the school administration particularly
on technological resources, online learning will not be successful. Teachers need equipment that
will meet the technological requirements of online teaching. Having a more stable and dependable
internet connection at home will enable them to carry out more effectively and creatively
online teaching and learning. In order to ensure that students are guided and accompanied in
this new normal in education, communication guidelines and systems must be in place. Based
on these findings, it can be concluded that online learning will become impossible if there are no
technological equipment and infrastructure. Teachers have to be provided with the needed
will enable all stakeholders to participate and support in the new mode of teaching and learning.
Above all, a learning continuity plan must be in place that will guide the community in
carrying out their duties and responsibilities in online learning. The new normal in education
requires a strong partnership and collaboration between the school administration, students, and
parents. With less supervision, the new normal in education means being more responsible,
diligent, and understanding. It is a challenging situation where honesty, integrity, and charity
Work Morale
services sector, while the quality of the services provided is highly dependent on it. Raja and
Kumar (2015) provide detailed review of the category and specify the key factors affecting it. The
res earchers define employee morale as a combination of total job satisfaction and the
individual’s feelings and attitudes, largely influenced by the level of the mental strength of a
attitude.
Herzberg’s two-factor theory is aligned with Maslow’s 1954 hierarchy of needs. Maslow
classified the basic needs of individuals into five separate categories: “physiological, safety and
hierarchy sequenced the level of needs from when a person was born through adulthood (Lester,
2013), whereas Herzberg’s two-factor theory applied the levels of needs to the workplace in
adulthood (Cinar et al., 2011; Dartey-Baah & Amoako, 2011). According to Dartey-Baah and
Amoako (2011), hygiene factors include physiological, safety and security, and belongingness;
Teachers' personal and professional lives have now been fully integrated in response to
COVID-19 and the emergency transition to virtual learning. Teachers are now attempting to teach
Common Core math over Zoom to a group of students and parents while simultaneously
parenting their own children and caring for their homes and other loved ones. This mash-up of
lives brings to light a reality that has always been present for teachers: the separation between
the personal and professional self is somewhat of a fallacy. This is a lovely but messy and
challenging reality for teachers, especially in the current context. The emotional challenges
No single theory for needs, motivation, or satisfaction exists. The earliest studies of
motivation involved an examination of individual needs (Bolman & Deal, 2008). An existential
psychologist, Abraham Maslow, was a pioneer of motivational theory. Maslow (1954) developed
one of the most prominent theories on human needs and motivation. The theory's core is that
individuals’ most basic needs must be met before they become motivated to achieve higher level
needs. Individuals are motivated by a variety of wants, some more fundamental than others. The
hierarchy is composed of five levels: (1) physiological, (2) safety, (3) social/belonging, (4)
esteem,
(5) self-actualization (Mangi et al., 2015; Sandhya & Kumar, 2011). An employer utilizing this
philosophy will successfully identify and meet employees' needs to increase productivity and
employee efficiency (Bolman & Deal, 2008; Sandhya & Kumar, 2011).
Operating under the mindset that investing in people is a benefit, not a cost, will create
and retain a skilled and committed workforce that promotes employee satisfaction. To garner
higher levels of teacher satisfaction, thus leading to teacher retention, Moores-Abdool and Voigt
(2007) applied Maslow’s theory to educational research. Findings indicated that when reporting
an overabundance of work, due to both caseload and a lack of administrative support, teachers
feel isolated and morale decreases. These areas relate to teachers' psychological needs that must
be addressed to reach higher level needs and satisfaction, subsequently facilitating staff retention
(Moores-Abdool & Voigt, 2007). American psychologist and business management expert,
Frederick Herzberg, further developed the literature for motivational theories. The research of
Herzberg et al. (1959) offered 17 insight into the motivation of workers through their two-factor
motivation-hygiene theory. The researchers sought to identify factors that led to satisfaction or
dissatisfaction. The research concluded the five motivational factors that consistently influence
positive work performance and attitudes are: (1) doing the job, (2) liking the job, (3) experiencing
success, (4) receiving recognition, and (5) moving upward as an indication of professional growth
This section describes how the study is conducted. This provides information on the
process involved in arriving at the research findings and solutions. It includes the research design,
sources of data, participants, sampling technique, data gathered, and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The research design refers to making decisions with regards to specific methods and
procedures adopted in the conduct of the study. The descriptive method of research is used in this
study; it is designed to gather information about the demographic profile, work arrangement and
Table 1 shows the list of participants in the study. The researcher will choose all the
teachers that are currently employed as elementary teachers in the private schools located at
Punta I, Tanza, Cavite. A survey questionnaire is used to obtain the needed information.
Information is based on personal data, experiences, and opinions provided by the participants.
Data Gathering
In the collection of data, the researcher used an online survey to gather data. The
researcher develop questions and create a web link for the access of the participants to the online
survey. The researcher will also explain the purpose of the study, assured that the answers will be
treated confidentially, and will wait until the participants finish the survey.
A research instrument will be used to gather information with the aim of satisfying the
research objectives. The first part contained items in identifying the demographic characteristics
of the participants such as age, sex, civil status and highest educational attainment. The second
part focus on the work arrangement such as work schedule and workloads. The third part is about
their personal rating in their work morale and the last part is about their preferred work
arrangement.
Statistical Treatment
To interpret the gathered data, the researcher will use frequency count, mean, percentage,
range, and ranking in determining the socio-economic profile, work arrangement, and work morale
of the participants.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
arrangement in terms of workload and work environment; the work morale and lastly the preferred
work arrangement of the elementary private school teachers in the barangay of Punta I, Tanza,
Cavite.
Age
23-25 21 66
26-28 4 13
29-31 2 6
32-34 1 3
35 and above 4 12
Civil Status
Single 24 75
Married 8 25
Sex. The majority (84%) of the participants were female while only 16 percent were
male.
Civil Status. Theelementary teachers in private schools of barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite
are the majority (75%) single while only 25 percent were married.
attainment is college graduates while 10 of them were reported with units in masters studies
Table 3 shows the data on the current work arrangement in terms of the workload of
Table 3. Work Arrangement in terms of the Workload of Elementary Teachers in Private Schools
of Barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite
Workload Frequency Percentage
n=32 (%)
Teaching Modality
Online class 32 100
Work Hours
8 hours 32 100
Workload and Work Hours. All the participants were reported using online classes as a
from teaching such as student organization adviser (1), librarian (2), registrar (3), and school
Table 4 shows the data on the current work arrangement in terms of the work environment
both from home and school while only seven of them reported that are working in the school
offices only. Meanwhile, those who work from home 19 of them describe their workplace as
“with a separated room designated for work only”, three of them said that they “share space with
other members of the household but with a designated corner or table for work”, lastly, three of
them agreed that they “share space with other members of the household and just get ready
during work hours then clean up after to save the space in the house”.
Communication with co-workers and school leaders. The majority (94%) of the
participants agreed that their school leaders and co-workers are very responsive in cases where
Communication with students. Eighty-eight of the participants agreed that their students
are very convenient to reach out in cases where there is a need to clarify or remind
announcements.
Table 4. Work Arrangement in terms of Work Environment of Elementary Teachers in Private
Schools of Barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite
Work Environment Frequency Percentage
n=32 (%)
Work Place
School 7 22
Both home and school 25 78
Work Morale of Elementary Private School Teachers in the Barangay of Punta I, Tanza,
Cavite.
Table 5 shows the data of work morale of elementary teachers in private schools of
The table revealed that the participants’ work morale is “agree” in terms of the following
indicators: (1) I can work effectively with my total workload of subjects and grade levels to teach;
(2) I can do my job well because of the right equipment I have; (3) I can work effectively in my
current workplace; (4) My school leader is very accommodating if there is a need for support
related to the job; (5) My school leader is encouraging me to do my job better; (6) I have healthy
communication with my students, co-teachers, and school leaders; and (10) I am totally happy
with my job.
Meanwhile, the participants’ work morale is “neutral” in terms of the following indicators:
(7) I am confident that my students are learning despite the “new normal” situation; (8) My
Table 5. Work Morale of Elementary Teachers in Private Schools of Barangay Punta I, Tanza,
Cavite
Work Morale Mean Verbal
Interpretation
1. I can work effectively with my total workload of 2.72 Agree
subjects and grade levels to teach.
2. I can do my job well because of the right equipment I 2.63 Agree
have.
3. I can work effectively in my current workplace. 2.63 Agree
4. My school leader is very accommodating if there is a 2.63 Agree
need for support related to the job.
5. My school leader is encouraging me to do my job 2.59 Agree
better.
6. I have healthy communication with my students, co- 2.72 Agree
teachers, and school leaders.
7. I am confident that my students are learning despite the 2.41 Neutral
“new normal” situation.
8. My compensation matches my workload. 2.02 Neutral
9. I am looking forward to continuing my teaching career 2.31 Neutral
in the same school for the next school year.
10. I am totally happy with my job. 2.63 Agree
Overall 2.53 Neutral
*Legend: 1.00-1.55- Disagree 1.56-2.55- Neutral 2.56-3.00- Agree
Thus, the overall result of the participants’ work morale was “neutral” with an average
mean of 2.53
Feasible Work Arrangement as Perceived by the Elementary Teachers in Private Schools of
Barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite.
Table 6 shows the data of preferred work arrangements of elementary teachers in private
Teaching Modality
Online class 25 78
modular 7 22
Work Place
School 3 9
Both home and school 29 91
Equipment
books and other course material 32 100
computer 32 100
internet 32 100
*multiple responses
Elementary teachers in private schools were willing to work eight hours on a daily basis.
Seventy-eight percent of them preferred to teach online and are comfortable with working both
from home and school offices. Meanwhile, all of them agreed that they need equipment in
performing their jobs well such as books, course materials, computers, and the internet.
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
The study sought to determine the following: (a) the demographic characteristics of
elementary teachers in private schools of barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite; (b) the work
arrangement of elementary teachers in private schools of barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite; (c) the
work morale of elementary teachers in private schools of barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite; and (d)
to develop a feasible work arrangement for elementary teachers in private schools of barangay
The respondents of the study were composed of 32 elementary teachers in private schools
of barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite. The researcher used a survey questionnaire as the main data
gathering instrument in identifying and collecting the data of the participants. Data on
demographic profile, work arrangement, and work morale was analyzed using descriptive
Findings revealed that most of the elementary teachers are using online class as teaching
modality and currently working both from home and school offices. Participants’ work morale is
neutral related to their current work arrangements. Lastly, all of them agreed that they need
equipment in performing their jobs well such as books, course materials, computers, and the
internet.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study the following conclusions were drawn:
2. Most elementary teachers are aged 23 to 25 years old and with the highest
3. Elementary teachers are teaching online and work both from home and school offices.
5. All of the participants agreed that they need equipment in performing their jobs
In line with the conclusion, the researcher offers the following recommendations:
1. School Administrator and teachers have to work hand in hand to find ways in
2. School Administration should put effort to uplift the work morale of the teachers.
4. The findings of this research can be used as a reference for further studies.
Appendices
.
Appendix 1. Survey Questionnaire
I, Grace M. Rosal, currently taking my graduates studies in Master of Art in Education major in
Educational Management at Cavite State University, Indang Campus. As part of my final
requirement in the subject Ethical Dimensions of Management (MNGT220), I am conducting a
research paper entitled “The “New Normal” Work Arrangement of Elementary Teachers in
Private Schools of Barangay Punta I, Tanza, Cavite.”
In line with this, I am requesting your participation to answer the attached survey questionnaire.
It will only take you 5-10 minutes to finish the questions. Rest assured that your responses will
be treated as highly confidential and will only use as primary data for this research.
Thank you for your help in supporting my educational endeavors. Your responses will provide
useful and meaningful data in this research. If you need more details or have to clarify questions,
you can reach me at this mobile number 09751130639 or at my email address
rosalgrc12@gmail.com.
Respectfully,
Grace M. Rosal
Republic of the Philippines
CAVITE STATE
UNIVERSITY (CVSU)
Don Severino de las Alas Campus
Indang, Cavite
Date:
I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Name (optional): Age: Sex: (M) (F)
School: Civil Status:
If you are working from home, kindly select the statement that best describes your workplace.
I have a separate room in my house with the necessary equipment for my job.
I share space with other members of the household but with a designated table or corner
for my work.
I share space with other members of the household but I just get ready my things
during work hours and keep it after to save the space.
In cases where you need help related to your job, how do you find the convenience in reaching
out with your co-teachers, school head, and principal?
they are very responsive and easy to contact
they are sometimes responsive
they are not responsive at all and so difficult to contact
In cases that you need something to remind your students, how do you find the convenience in
reaching out?
they are very responsive and easy to contact
they are sometimes responsive
they are not responsive at all and so difficult to contact
III. Work Morale. Direction: Please rate how you feel about the following statements related
to your current work arrangement.
“New Normal” Work Arrangement Agree Neutral Disagree
1. I can work effectively with my total workload of
subjects and grade levels to teach.
2. I can do my job well because of the right
equipment I have.
3. I can work effectively in my current workplace.
4. My school leader is very accommodating if there
is a need for support related to the job.
5. My school leader is encouraging me to do my job
better.
6. I have healthy communication with my students,
co-teachers, and school leaders.
7. I am confident that my students are learning
despite the “new normal” situation.
8. My compensation matches my workload.
9. I am looking forward to teach again in the same
school for the next school year.
10. I am totally happy with my job.
Teaching modality. Kindly select the modality that you preferred to use in teaching.
modular online blended ( both modular and online)
Equipment. Kindly select the things and equipment that you need in performing your job. You
can select more than one.
books and other course material computer
board, chalk, pen internet
others please specify:
Appendix 2. Statistical Data
1. I can work effectively with my total workload of subjects and grade levels to teach.
frequency total
responses values n=32 (value*frequency)
disagree 1 2 2
neutral 2 8 16
agree 3 23 69
sum 87
mean 2.72
interpretation agree
My school leader is very accommodating if there is a need for support related to the
4 job.
frequency total
responses values n=32 (value*frequency)
disagree 1 0
neutral 2 12 24
agree 3 20 60
sum 84
mean 2.63
interpretation agree
5 My school leader is encouraging me to do my job better.
frequency total
responses values n=32 (value*frequency)
disagree 1 1 1
neutral 2 11 22
agree 3 20 60
sum 83
mean 2.59
interpretation agree
7 I am confident that my students are learning despite the “new normal” situation.
frequency total
responses values n=32 (value*frequency)
disagree 1 3 3
neutral 2 13 26
agree 3 16 48
sum 77
mean 2.41
interpretation neutral
frequency total
responses values n=32 (value*frequency)
disagree 1 5 5
neutral 2 12 24
agree 3 15 45
sum 74
mean 2.31
interpretation neutral
frequency total
responses values n=32 (value*frequency)
disagree 1 2 2
neutral 2 11 22
agree 3 20 60
sum 84
mean 2.63
interpretation agree