SEVENTH EDITION NATIONAL. STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES ale VOLUME! = s _ BUILDINGS, TOWERS, AND OTHER VERTICAL STRUCTURES it ISBN 2094-5477 C101-15 eee en of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) 1 1NSCP C101-15 NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 2015 VOLUME | BUILDINGS, TOWERS AND OTHER VERTICAL STRUCTURES SEVENTH EDITION First Printing, 2016 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. Suite 713, Future Point Plaza Condominium 1 112 Panay Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines 1100 + (4632) 410-0483 (4632) 411-8606 aseponline@gmail,com + http:/www.aseponline.org, National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edtion, 1" Printing, 2016NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NSCP) Clor-15 Volume | Buildings, Towers and Other Vertical Structures Seventh Edition, 2015 Copyright @ 2015, The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Ine. (ASEP) Al rights reserved. This publication or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the Association Structural Engineers ofthe Philippines, Inc. (ASE) ISSN No.: 2094-5877 PUBLISHER Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) Suite 713 Future Point Plaza Condominium 112 Panay Avenue, Quezon City, 1100 Philippines Telephione Nos. (632) 410-0483 Facsimile No. (1632) 411-8606 E-mail address aseponline@gmail.com Website Inip/www.asepontine.org ‘The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) is professional Association founded in 1961 to represent the structural engineering community nationwide. This document is published in keeping with the association's objectives: Maintenance of high ethical and professional standards inthe practice of structural engineering; Advancement of structural engineering knowledge; Promotion of good public and private clientele relationship; and Fellowship among structural engincers, and professional relations with other allied technical and scientific organizations, Print History First Edition, 1972 Second Edition, 1981 Third Faition, 1987 Fourth Edition, 1992 Fifth Edition, 2001 Sixth Edition, 2010 Seventh Edition, 2016 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) iiFOREWORD ‘The Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) exists to advance the structural engineering practice, a proactive voice in the development of codes and standards, and contributes to nation building by advocating public safety and welfare, and sustainability of the built environment. For more than four decades now, ASEP has been the sole provider, recognized by the Department of Public Works and Highways, of the National Structural Code of the Philippines, a referral code of the National Building Code. ‘The first edition of the National Structural Code for Buildings (NSCB) was published by ASEP in 1972. It was continuously updated considering the latest design principles, technologies, and major calamities experience worldwide. A second edition was released in 1982, third edition in 1987, Fourth edition in 1992, fifth edition in 2001, and sixth edition ofthe National Structural Code ‘of the Philippines (NSCP) in 2010. Upon-the onset of the climate change phenomena, the Philippines was greeted with numerous natural disasters: Typhoon Ketsana/Ondoy (165 kph) and Typhoon Psrma/Pepeng (250 kph) in 2009, Typhoon Megi/Juan (295 kp) in 2010, Typhoon Nesav(Pedring (215 kph) in 2011, Typhoon Bopha/Pablo (280 kph) and Negros Occidental Earthquake (M6.7) in 2012, Boho arhquake (M7.2) and Typhoon Haiyan/Yolanda (315 kph) in 2013. In 2014, ASEP Board, under the presidency of Engr. Carlos M. Villaraza, decided that an update of the NSCP was essential to address the effets of environmental changes. Thus the task of snaking the ™ Fditon of the NSCP C101-10 for Buildings, Towers and other Vertical Structures was st in motion. ‘The National Structural Code of the Philippines, 7 Edition has still maintained its complete technical substance, updated to the latest editions of applicable seference eode counterparts. Major changes are noted in the seismic loading calculations, which now takes into consideration a nearsource factor for 2km and below, as wel as to adapt the latest fault maps provided by PHIVOLCS. For the wine load caleulations, wind zone maps are replaced by wind contour maps specific tothe Philippine geography. It has been a product of sustained effort of ASEP and realization ofthis endeavor has finally ome fruition during my incumbency. (On behalf of the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc, et me express our grateful thanks to the 2014-2015 ASEP Board of Directors, 2015-2017 ASEP Board of Directors, the Committe on Codes and Standard chaired by Engr. Emilio M. Morales, Managing Director Ronaldo S. Ison, all committee members, the Editorial Review Board, and ASEP Secretariat for their hard work and dedication in coming out with this update National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 1" Printing, 2016 iPREFACE TO THE NSCP VOLUME 1, SEVENTH EDITION, 2015, a Introduction safeguard the formance. visions. Tes Also, this code reflects Changes and Developments \ the initially waned ¢o ke local data is limited to support the upgrade, then s This NSCP 7th edition is referenced from the following: Uniform Building Coo EDD 6. Inematona Building Code American Society of Civil Engines ESTED 4. American Concrete institute STD «American Institut for Seat Construction QED Supplementary Seismic Provisions f American Iron and Stee! Institute QS £ Reinforced Masonry Engineering Handbook of America 1b. Conetee Masonry Handbook, 6th Edition i American National Standard Institute QUASAR 7 i American Society for Testing and Materials QIN) Standards ee ‘Gaeta Reem eae ee + Ca T= Be FRR 12 ier TOS Cas STS) aeaneeae ne ate eae oe See aarag meee Churches, Mosque and other cated ETS occ uncer he TTD category Section 104-Design Requirements Th rider thet "New requirements are added to the design review section. 23 Section 105 ~ Posting and Instrumentation Association of Stnictural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) v‘The provision of installed recording aecelerograph is adjusted. Structures 2015 ‘The changes made in this chapter are the following ‘si ection 203 = Combination of Loads ‘The load factors and load combinations are revised particularly the load combinations includin 1 CROSS Lve Le na se eS ST 1 Seion207= win) ED 010 x 0s RIAANBRETDD 2 wind nnn ASCET-I0. In this edition, three different winrcontour nape the entire Philippine archipelago are generated and provided for determining the basic wind speeds for different categories of building occupancies as defined in Table 103-1, These maps provide basic wind speeds that ate directly applicable for determining pressures for design strength. Strength design wind load factor is 1.0; whereas, allowable stress design wind load factor is 0.6. Generally, basic wind speeds correspond t0 3%, 7% and 15% probability of exceedance in SO years (MRI ~ 1700,700 and 300 years, respectively). Four (4) permitted procedures in determining the design wind loads for main wind-force resisting systems (MWFRS), for other structures and building appurtenances and for components and cladding (C&C) are provided such as; ‘© directional procedure for buildings ofall heights, envelope procedure for low-rise buildings, '* directional procedure for other structures and building appurtenances and analytical procedure for components & cladding, and ‘+ wind tunnel procedure ‘The ANSI ELA/TIA-222-G-2008 and ANSI EIA/TIA-222G-1-2007 are now fully referenced for computing wind loads on steel antenna towers and antenna supporting structures. b4 Section 208 ~ Earthquake Loads ‘The near-souree factors for 2-km distance from a causative fault is included in addition to S- ‘km, 10-km, 15-km distance and beyond 15-km distance. ASCEISEI 7-10, using spectral acceleration, is recognized as an altemative procedure in the determination ofthe earthquake loads. The revisions made inthis chapter are the following: 1 Provisions pertaining to the conduct and interpretation of foundation investigations For eases involving liquefiable, expansive or questionable sols ae adopted; National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Eultion, 1% Printing, 2016 v62 The section on footings is amended to incorporate provisions for differential settlement, design loads and vibratory loads; 3 The section on pile foundations is amended to incorporate new provisions on splicing of ‘concrete ples; and 4 The section on special foundations, slope stabilization and materials of construction are added, 5 Provisions for construction in Zone 4 pertaining to reinforcement of Precast Prestressed Piles hhave been revised to ensure consistency with ACI 318, 6 The figure for cut slopes has been amended for larity; 7 The figure for fill slopes has been amended for clarity and some provisions have been modified; 8 A table on the minimum required number of boreholes has been added to the section on foundation investigation; 9 Provisions pertaining to minimum dimensions of ditches have been modified; 10 The scetion on excavations and fills has been amended to incorporate provisions for scouring tnd erosion protection as well as support of excavations and open cuts; 11 Provision pertaining to general pile requirements have been expand to include design of piles and pile groups subjected to lateral loads 12 A Section on MSE Structures and Similar Reinforced Embankments and Fills has been added. To reflect the reorganization of ACI 318-14 which contained a number of significant technical changes, the ASEP adopted similar changes in the NSCP 2015 7th Edition. The latest ACI 318 was reorganized as a member- based document, i.e. particular member type, such as beam, column, or slab will have separate sub-sections for all requirements to design that particular member type. This will eliminate the need to flip through several Sections to comply with all the necessary design requirements for a particular structural member, as was necessary withthe old organization Format, General information regarding the scope and applicability of NSCP 2015, Vol. 1 is provided. Additional sub- section on interpretation i included to help users better understand Chapter 4, Structural Concrete. ‘The definition for hoops has been modified because the use of interlocking headed bars is a concern regarding the possibility that it will not be adequately interlocked and because the heads could become disengaged under ‘complex loadings well into the non-linear range of response. It is now defined as a closed tie oF continuously ‘wound te, made up of one or several reinforcement elements, each having seismic hooks at both ends. A definition for special seismic systems, a term used in Sections 418 and 419, has been added 43 Section 403: Referenced Standards The following referenced specifications have been added to Section 403.2.4 ‘ASTM A370-14, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Stee! Products ‘¢ ASTM A1085-13, Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded Carbon Stee! Hollow ‘Structural Sections (H1SS) * ASTM C173/C173M-14, Standard Test Method for Air- Content of Freshly Mixed Conerete by ‘Volumetric Method Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) vi‘© ASTM .C1S82/C1582M-11, Standard Specification for Admixtures to Inhibit Chloride Induced Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Concrete ‘A new referenced specification from Australia and New Zealand, Section 4032.6 is added. These standards were included as ACI 318 has no provisions related to Qualifications on the Use of Quenched ‘Tempered QT/Thermo-Mechanically Treated Reinforcement, which are the type manufactured, sold, and commonly used for building construction in the Philippines: ‘# ASINZS 4671: 2001, Steel Reinforcing Materials, ‘© NZS 3101; 2006, Part I and Part 2, Concrete Structures Standard, and Design of Conerete Structures ‘+ NZS 3109, Amendment 2, Welding of Reinforcing Stee! © ASINZS 1554.3: 2008, Part 3, Structural Stee! Welding of Reinforcing Steel ‘Te following referenced specifications have been deleted: © ASTM.C109/C109M.08, Standard ‘Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 50 mm Cube Specimens) + ASTM C192/C192M-07, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory Several referenced standards and specifications have been updated, as in most eases with every edition ‘of the NSCP. Note that the edition of every referenced standard is important. The NSCP does not necessarily adopt new editions of referenced standards unless they are vetted before the publication of ‘each edition ofthe standard, d4 Section 404: Structural System Requirements ‘Tis new Section has been added to Chapter 4 10 introduce structural system requirements. ‘This Section contains Sub-sections on Materials, Design Loads, Structural System and Load Paths, Structural Analysis, Strength, Serviceability, Durability, Sustainability, Structural Integrity, Fire Resistance, Requirements for Specific Types of Construction, Construction and Inspeotion, and Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures, Most of these Sub-seetions refer to the other Sections in the NSCP. The Sub-section on construction and inspection, for instance, refers to Section 426, Inthe areas for Sustainability and Fire Resistance, the NSCP does not have specifie requirements. This Sub-section on Sustainability allows the licensed design professional to specify in the construction documents, sustainability requirements in addition to the strength, serviceability, and durability requirements of the NSCP. The strength, serviceability, and durability requirements are required to take prevedence over sustainability ‘considerations, though these requirements are generally in harmony with sustainable structures. In the Sub-section on Fire Resistance, the NSCP refers to the fire-protect requirements of the NSCP Chapter 4, Sub-section 420.6.1, However, ifthe National Building Code of the Philippines requires a greater concrete cover, such greater thickness shall govern, dS Section 405: Loads ‘The following modification has been made in the provision for live load reduction because ‘there ae still unincorporated arcas where there may not be included in the previous editions of the NSCP. The 7" Edition, Sub-section 405.2.3 ~ Live load reductions shall be permitted in accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines, or in its absence, in ‘accordance with ASCE/SEI 7 For many Code revision cycles, ACI 318 retained provisions for service-level earthquake forces in the design load combinations. In 1993, ASCE/SEI 7 converted earthquake forces to strength-level forces and reduced the earthquake load factor to 1.0, and the model build National Structural Code ofthe Philippines Volume I, 7th Edition, 1" Printing, 2016 vilcodes followed suit, In modem building codes around the world, earthquake loads are now strength-level forces, Any references to service-level earthquake forces have been delete. 146 Section 406: Structural Analysis ‘The following new item has been added in Sub-seetion 406.6. (b) For frames or continuous construction, it shall be permitted to assume the intersecting. member regions are rigid. Previous NSCP 6° Edition as been silent om the use of inte clement analysis (FEA), though iis now Trequently used, Sub-section 406.9 now has provisions that are intended to explicitly allow the use of FEA and to provide a framework forthe Future expansion of FEA provisions, but not a a guide toward the selection and use of FEA software. The new Sub-setion on diaphragms and collectors makes explicit reference tothe use of FEA, which makes it imperative that the NSCP 7* Edition recognize the acceptability of ts use. 47 Section 408: Two-Way Slabs Sub section 418.101 (comesponding to ACL 31SM-11, Section 18.9.1, says that @ minimum area of bonded reinforcement shall be provided in all flexural members with unbonded prestessng tendons. The purpose of the minimarn unbonded reinforcement over the tops of columns isto distribute cracking caused by high local flexural tensile stresses in areas of peak negative moments. However, he high local flexural tensile stresses are not unique to slabs with unbonded tendons. The new reorganized Sub-section 408.6.2.3 (corresponding to ACI 3I8M-I4 Section 8.6.2.3) requires the same minimum reinforcement in slabs with unbonded for bonded tendons, except that the area of bonded tendons is considered effective in controlling cracking. It was also decided by the ACI 318 Committee, that if the same bonded reinforcement were required for both bonded and unbonded posttensioned wo-way systems, the structural integrity requirements for both systems should also be the same, ‘The structural integrity requirements in ACI 318M-I1, Section 18.12.6 applied to two-way post-tensioned slab systems with unbonded tendons only. The structural integrity requirements in ACL 318M-14 Section 8.7.5.6 (corresponding to the NSCP 2015, Sub-section 408.7.5.6) now apply to two~ \way post-tensioned slab systems with bonded as well as unbonded tendons, 8 Section 409: Beams ‘The use of open web reinforcement for torsion and shear in slender spandrel beams by the ‘precast conerete industry as an alternative to the closed stirups traditionally mandated by this Code. Eliminating closed stirrups is desirable because they cause reinforcement congestion; production costs also increase significantly because pre-tensioning strand must be threaded through the closed stirrups, ‘A new relevant Sub-section 409.5.4.7 for solid precast sections is added to the NSCP 7" Edition. 9 Section 412: Diaphragms For the first time, a new Section 412, added design provisions for diaphragms in buildings constructed in areas of low seismicity (Zone 2) The new Section applies “tothe design of non- prestressed and prestressed diaphragms, including (2), Diaphragms that are east-in-place slabs (b), Diaphragms that comprise a cast-in-place topping slab on precast elements ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Ine. (ASEP) vla0 an (©). Diaphragms that comprise precast elements with end strips formed by either a cast- insplace concrete topping slab or edge beams (@. Diaphragms of interconnected precast elements without cast topping Section 418: Earthquake-Resista place concrete structures ‘There are a numiber of significant and substantive changes fo this Section. Column confinement - The ability of the eonerete core of a conerete reinforced column to susiain compressive strains tends to inerease with confinement pressure, Confinement requirements for columns of special moment frames, and for columns not designated as part of the seismic-foree-resisting system in structures assigned to seismic zone 4 (similar to ASCE 7-10 Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F), with high axial load or high conerete compressive strength are significantly different, Transverse reinforcement - One important new requirement for special moment frame columns ate included in Sub-seetions 418.7.5.2 and 418.7.5.4, There are new restrictions on the use of headed reinforcement to make up hoops. ‘Special moment frame beam-column joints ~ For beam-column joints of special moment frames, clarification of the development length of the beam longitudinal reinforcement that is hooked, requirements for joints with headed longitudinal reinforcement, and restrictions on joint aspect ratio are new. For beam-column joints of special moment frames, clarification of development length of beam longitudinal reinforcement that is hooked, requirements for joints with headed longitudinal reinforcement, and restrictions on joint aspect ratio are new. Special shear walls — Subsection 418.10 (equivalent to ACI 318-14M-14 Section 18.10, previously [ACI 318M-I1 Section 21.9), has been extensively revised in view of the performance of buildings in the Chile ‘earthquake of 2010 and the Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes of 2011, as wells as full-scale reinforced ‘concrete building tests. In these earthquakes and laboratory tess, conerete spalling and vertical reinforcement buckling were at times observed at wall boundaries. For ASTM AGIS Grade 420 bars used as longitudinal reinforcement in special moment frames and special shear walls, the NSCP 7" Edition now requires the same minimum elongation as ASTM A706 reinforcement, Section 419: Conerete: Design and Durability Requirements ‘Quite a few changes have been made in conerete durability requirements, which are now located in this Section, Section 420: Stee! Reinforcement Properties, Durability and Embedments ‘The definition of yield strength of high-strength reinforcement for Grade 420 (Grade 60) in this Section is now, for the first time, the same as that in ASTM specifications, except for bars with less than 420 MPa, the yield strength shall be taken as the stress corresponding toa strain of 0.35 percent, Deformed and plain stainless steel wire and welded wire conforming to ASTM A1022 is now permitted to be used as concrete reinforcement, Sub-section 420.2.2.5 requires “Deformed non-prestressed longitudinal reinforcement resisting carthquake moment, axial force, ot both, in special moment frames, special structural walls, and all the components of special structural walls including coupling beams and wall piers” to be ASTM A706 Grade 420 (Grade 60), ASTM 615 Grade 275 (Grade 40) or Grade 420 (Grade 60) reinforcement is permitted if two supplementary requirements are met, which are already part of the ASTM A706 specification. A thied supplementary requirement is now added for ASTM A615 (Grade 60) reinforcement to be permitted for use in special moment frames, special structural walls, The minimum elongation in 200 mm (8") must now be the same as that ASTM. A615 (Grade 60) reinforcement. ‘One aspect of the Code compliance that the Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines is cautioning Designers and Constructors alike, is the introduction of ASTM 615 Grade 520 (Grade 75) in the Philippine National Structural Code ofthe Phiippines Volume |, 7th Edin, 1 Printing, 2016 ixmarket. Since this was not covered by previous editions of the NSCP Vol. |, it creates an impression of an ‘unregulated use ofa new high-strength reinforcement grade. NSCP 7° Edition als as To put it clearly, Sub-section 420.2.2.5, corresponding to ACI 318M-14 Section 20.2.2.5, specifies the use of deformed non-presiressed longitudinal reinforcement resisting earthquake-induced moment, axial foree, oF both, in special moment frames, special structural walls, and all components of special structural walls, including coupling beams, and wall piers which shall be in accordance with (a) or (b): (@), ASTM A706M, Grade 420 (b). ASTM AGISM, Grade 280 ‘There was no mention that ASTM AG1SM, Grade 520, was allowed, although the use of micro-alloyed high-strength reinforcement may be allowed in the future through the issuance of a new ASTM or updated standard, and with proper validation by the Department of Trade and Industry's Bureau of Standards. I¢ will be premature (0 allow its use for special moment frames, special structural walls, and all components of special structural walls, including coupling beams, and wall piets for Buildings located in areas of high seismicity (zone 4). The same restrictions indicated in Sub-section 420.7.6, on the use of quenched-tempered thermo-mechanieally trated (QT/TMT) reinforcing bars in structures located in seismic zone 4 for Grade 420 reinforcement, shall also be applied to Grade 520, unless proven in subsequent studies and tests, 13 Scetion 422: Sectional Strength ‘The following are the changes in Section 422: For prestressed members, a new equation for the nominal axial strength at zero eccentricity has been introduced in Sub-seetion 422.42. New Sub-section 422.4.3.1, which requires that the nominal axial tensile strength of a non-prestressed, ‘composite, oF prestressed member, not fo be taken greater than the maximum nominal axial tensile strength of member. Section 428: Reinforcement Details ‘Two changes shown in Table 7 (part of Table 425. 3.2) are made to eliminate the differences between the required tal extension of a 90-degree or 135- degree standard hook, subject to a minimum of 75, mm (3") Mechanical or welded splices with strengths below 125% of the yield strength of the spliced reinforcing bars are no longer permitted. The associated stagger requirements have been deleted. Thus there is no longer a need to specify “full” mechanical or “Full” welded splices, Section 426: Construction Documet ind Inspection In this section, the user will probably require some time to get used to, it starts with the following: 426.1.1 This Sub-seetion addresses (a) through (c): (@) Design information that the licensed design professional shall specify inthe construction documents, (b) Compliance requirements that the licensed design professional shall specify in the construction documents, (©) Inspection requirements that the licensed design professional shall specify in the construction documents, ‘Thus, construction and inspection requirements have been consolidated, and they are now related 10 construction documents. The construction requirements are designated either as “design information” or “compliance requirements.” These are largely existing material that has been rearranged, ‘The ‘Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (ASEP) xinspection requirements in Sub-section 426.13 are taken from Chapter 17 of the 2015 Inrernarional Building Code (WBC) and were previously not part of ACI 318, Provisions in ACI 318-11 and earlier editions, which explained base statistical considerations in mixture proportioning, are no longer found in ACI 318-14, Instead, ACI 301-10, Specifications for Structural Concrete, is eferenced. ‘These are some other changes in the makeup of NSCP 2016 7" Faition that should be noted: 1. There are two new Sections: Section 404, Structural System Requirements and Section 412, Diaphragms, 2, Section 422, Structural Plain Conerete, now Section 414 43, Section 423, Anchoring to Concrete, is now Section 417, with no signifieant changes. 4, Section 421, Earthquake-Resistant Structures, now Section 418. 5. Section 427, Strutsand-Tie Models is now Section 423, with no significant changes. 6, Section 420, Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures, is now Section 427, 7. ‘Section 419, Shells and Folded Plates, is now Section 428, 8, Section 424, Alternative Design Method, now Section 429, is adapted from catlir editions of the NSCP. 9, Section 425, Alternative Provisions for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Flexural and Compression Members, and Section 426, Altemative Load and Strength Reduction Factors, have been discontinued. 10. On the other hand, Section 416, Precast Concrete, and Section 418, Prestressed Conerete, no longer exist as separate entities. The provisions of these Sections fare now spread over several of the new Sections. ‘Sub-section 418.18, Requirements for post-tensioning ducts and grouting have also been removed as being outdated. The Commentary now provides specification guidance. Chapter 5: Structural Steel. ASEP adapted the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 14th Edition in this updated Structural Steel code. The revisions made in this chapter are the following: e.1 The entire Structural Steel chapters are streamlined placing all chapter definitions uncer one Definition heading, lables are immediately shown where they are frst mentioned, figures dravn larger, equation are all in boldface, extraneous user notes are removed, essential in-text definitions italicized and in-text equation terms are written in boldtace for easy reference 2 Change of headings and terms, 5013.5 Filler Metal and Flux for Welding to 501 3.5 Consumables for Welding 510.103 Web Crippling to Web Local Crippling 5575 Special Fabrication Requirements. Weld tabs changed to Rur-off tabs under Exception. A63 ‘Beams changed to Beams Bracing £3. Creation of new subtopic. APPENDIX A-4 "National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume |, 7th Edition, 1" Printing, 2016 xi