1.

The central feature of scientific inquiry is:

A) cause-and-effect relationships.
B) common-sense explanations.
C) critical thinking.
D) epidemiology.

2. __________ studies seek to determine the frequency, distribution, and causes of

disease or health outcomes.
A) Experimental
B) Epidemiological
C) Observational
D) Descriptive

3. The study of Darryl Kile and his sudden death is an example of a(n) __________
study.
A) observational
B) case
C) epidemiological
D) critical

4. The statistical measure of the relationship between two variables is expressed as

a:
A) t score.
B) standard deviation.
C) correlation coefficient.
D) comparison coefficient.

5. Which is an incorrect statement about correlation research?

A) There can be no causation without correlation.
B) There can be no correlation without causation.
C) Correlations identify relationships that later may be subject to experimental study.
D) The relationship between two negatively correlated variables can either be weak or
strong.

6. The __________ is the behavior or mental process in an experiment that may

change in response to manipulations of the __________.
A) independent variable; dependent variable
B) dependent variable; independent variable
C) random variable; dependent variable
D) cause; researcher

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 7. The best way to prevent observer-and participant-expectancy effects is to conduct
a:
A) case study.
B) double-blind study.
C) quasi-experiment.
D) longitudinal study.

8. A quasi experiment employs a(n) __________ variable.

A) independent
B) dependent
C) subject
D) disease

9. A _________ study compares representative groups of people of various ages on

a particular variable.
A) sequence
B) cross-sectional
C) longitudinal
D) cohort

10. If you were born in 1990, you share a(n) __________ with others born in 1990.
A) subject variable
B) cohort
C) control group
D) experimental group

11. The rate of ______ refers to the total number of cases of a specific illness in a
given group of people at a given time.
A) mortality
B) incidence
C) prevalence
D) morbidity

12. The research method that compares a group of people who have a certain disease
or condition with a group of people who do NOT have the disease or condition is
the:
A) randomized clinical trial.
B) baseline study.
C) retrospective study.
D) prospective study.

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 13. The gold standard of biomedical research is the:
A) prospective study.
B) randomized clinical trial.
C) retrospective study.
D) ex post facto study.

14. Which research method involves the statistical combination of the results of
many studies?
A) meta-analysis
B) descriptive study
C) observational study
D) quasi experiment

15. A relative risk of 0.50 means that the incidence or prevalence rate of a condition
in the group exposed to a specific risk factor is ___________ that of those in an
unexposed group.
A) half
B) equal to
C) twice
D) four times as high as

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Answer Key

1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. B
10. B
11. C
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. A

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