1.

The new model of health care that combines the efforts of physicians,
psychologists, and other health care providers is called:
A) palliative care.
B) primary care.
C) collaborative care.
D) multidimensional care.

2. A person's characteristic style of monitoring his or her overall well-being is

called his or her:
A) locus of control.
B) appraisal style.
C) attentional focus.
D) perceptual bias.

3. Sensitizers are people who cope with health problems by:

A) closely scanning their bodies and environments for information.
B) ignoring stressful information.
C) distancing themselves from aversive events.
D) looking at life through rose-colored glasses.

4. People who cope with health problems by ignoring them are called:
A) repressors.
B) sensitizers.
C) malingerers.
D) overregulators.

5. Which of the following patients would be least likely to benefit from procedural
or sensory information regarding a stressful medical procedure?
A) women, who tend to rely on problem-focused coping
B) men, who tend to rely on active coping strategies
C) sensitizers
D) repressors

6. Which of the following individuals is most likely to quickly detect and report
health symptoms?
A) Miguel, who is socially isolated and bored with his job
B) Seth, who has a large circle of friends, an exciting job, and a very active life
C) Jane, who has a generally positive outlook on life
D) Ted, who tends to psychologically blunt his reaction to stressful events

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 7. The disorder of the lower intestinal tract that involves cramping, pain, and
abnormal bowel movements is:
A) irritable bowel syndrome.
B) fibromyalgia.
C) chronic fatigue syndrome.
D) metabolic syndrome.

8. People who score high on measures of ___________ are more likely to perceive
symptoms such as cramping and painful bowel movements as signs of an illness.
A) repression
B) malingering
C) neuroticism
D) depression

9. The symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are treated

with the greatest intensity in:
A) Germany.
B) the U.K.
C) the United States.
D) Japan.

10. Some skeptics believe that the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome,
fibromyalgia, and restless leg syndrome is partly the result of:
A) direct-to-consumer drug advertising.
B) increasing obesity.
C) antibiotic resistance.
D) sedentary lifestyles.

11. How a person views the symptoms, perceived causes, controllability, and
consequences of an illness refers to that person's:
A) illness representation.
B) neuroticism.
C) social construction.
D) explanatory style.

12. Diagnoses of low blood pressure are most prevalent in:

A) the United States.
B) France.
C) Britain.
D) Germany.

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 13. Which of the following is NOT a component of illness representation?
A) identity of the illness
B) causes
C) timeline
D) previous experiences

14. In one study, people who were told that they had high blood pressure:
A) reported significantly more physical symptoms commonly associated with this
illness than did control participants.
B) reported fewer physical symptoms than did control participants.
C) reported fewer psychological symptoms than did control participants.
D) were less likely than control participants to exaggerate ambiguous physical
sensations.

15. People who have a generally positive outlook on life:

A) are more in tune with their physical symptoms.
B) are more likely to ignore physical symptoms.
C) worry more about their health.
D) have a higher self-reported health.

16. Of all patients hospitalized for physical illness, a substantial number also suffer
from diagnosable psychological disorders. This phenomenon is called:
A) comorbidity.
B) psychosomatic illness.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) None of the answers is correct.

17. In general, health services are most often used by:

A) the very young.
B) the very old.
C) middle-aged adults.
D) the very young and the very old.

18. During ___________, thinking is typically distorted by a(n) _____________, in

which people believe they will never be seriously harmed by dangerous actions.
A) early childhood; illusion of invulnerability
B) adolescence; optimistic bias
C) emerging adulthood; halo effect
D) late adulthood; feeling of generativity

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 19. Compared to women, men are:
A) less likely to report symptoms or to use health services.
B) more likely to report symptoms but less likely to use health services.
C) more likely to report symptoms and to use health services.
D) exposed to more illness.

20. Which of the following was NOT offered in the text as a reason that women seek
health care more often than men?
A) Women are more sensitive to internal bodily symptoms.
B) Health care is more fragmented for women.
C) Many women are exposed to more illness.
D) Men are, in general, healthier than women until late adulthood.

21. The correlation between income and the number of health symptoms reported is
likely to be:
A) positive.
B) negative.
C) nonexistent.
D) stronger for men than for women.

22. People at the lowest socioeconomic levels have the highest rates of:
A) morbidity.
B) mortality.
C) morbidity and mortality.
D) None of the answers is correct.

23. People in lower socioeconomic groups:

A) are underrepresented among those who are hospitalized.
B) are less likely to use outpatient clinics.
C) are more likely to rely on emergency medical care.
D) are more likely to seek treatment for ambiguous physical symptoms.

24. Which of the following is NOT true regarding cultural factors and seeking
treatment?
A) Ethnic groups differ widely in the degree to which they believe that human
intervention in health outcomes is possible or desirable.
B) People whose parents sought regular health care are likely to do so themselves.
C) People whose parents were suspicious of doctors may feel the same way.
D) Throughout the world, people react to pain in virtually the same manner.

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 25. The informal network of family and friends that some people consult for advice
regarding their symptoms is called the:
A) lay referral system.
B) macrosystem.
C) mesosystem.
D) attribution network.

26. Some people avoid seeking medical care because the perceived benefits do not
outweigh the perceived costs. This is called:
A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) scheduling delay.
D) treatment delay.

27. Bill hasn't seen a doctor for the physical symptoms he's been experiencing
because he doesn't think professional help is necessary. Bill's behavior is an
example of:
A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) treatment delay.

28. Although she knows she needs to see a doctor for her symptoms, Sandra keeps
putting it off. Sandra's behavior is an example of:
A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) scheduling delay.

29. Although Kendra has a small rash on her abdomen, she hasn't seen a doctor
because she is generally healthy and sickness seems unlikely. Kendra's behavior
is an example of:
A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) scheduling delay.

30. Carl didn't seek medical treatment for a mole on his back that had changed
appearance because he didn't notice it. Carl's behavior is an example of:
A) appraisal delay.

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B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) scheduling delay.

31. Malingering refers to:

A) experiencing abnormal anxiety over one's health.
B) experiencing imaginary symptoms.
C) making believe one is ill.
D) exaggerating the symptoms of an organic disease.

32. For as long as she can remember, Cara's father has worried excessively over his
health, often experiencing imaginary symptoms. Cara's father likely suffers from:
A) illness anxiety disorder.
B) comorbidity.
C) malingering.
D) chronic fatigue syndrome.

33. Most experts consider chronic fatigue to be:

A) malingering.
B) hypochondriasis.
C) a form of hysteria.
D) a multifactorial syndrome.

34. Some skeptics view chronic fatigue syndrome as merely a culturally fashionable
collection of symptoms; that is, they view it as an example of:
A) a hysterical epidemic.
B) neuroticisms.
C) morbidity.
D) malingering.

35. Which of the following is NOT true regarding chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)?
A) CFS is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
B) There is no diagnostic test for CFS.
C) CFS is more common in women than in men.
D) There is no generally accepted drug treatment for CFS.

36. Which of the following behaviors would be considered an example of

nonadherence?
A) eating an unhealthy diet
B) exercising excessively

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C) failing to finish taking prescription medication once symptoms disappear
D) chewing tobacco

37. The average rate of patient nonadherence is estimated to be about _______

percent.
A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

38. Which of the following factors promotes a patient's adherence to a prescribed

treatment regimen?
A) being in a good mood
B) being a female
C) having a college education
D) having a good income

39. Which of the following was NOT identified as a factor that predicts patient
adherence?
A) being in a good mood
B) having trust in one's care provider
C) having the support of family and friends
D) a complex treatment regimen

40. Which of the following is NOT one of the central elements of the patient-
provider relationship?
A) continuity of care
B) communication
C) quality of consultations
D) frequency of consultations

41. Studies of patient-provider consultations have found that:

A) the more time physicians spend with their patients, the more satisfied the patients
are.
B) patients are usually satisfied with the consultations and treatment they receive.
C) the harm that stems from poorly delivered bad news usually is not long-lasting.
D) health care providers are more verbally dominant with female patients.

42. One classic study of medical consultations found reported that in nearly two-
thirds of the cases, the physician interrupted the patient after:

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A) 18 seconds.
B) 60 seconds.
C) 2 minutes.
D) 5 minutes.

43. Research studies have reported that patients with high health literacy are more
likely to:
A) adhere to treatment instructions.
B) report the lowest levels of confidence in their doctors.
C) take a passive, deferential role in their treatment.
D) have less accurate perceptions of the risk and benefits of health screening.

44. Research studies indicate that telemedicine is:

A) becoming part of every health care provider's training.
B) too impersonal and mechanical for most physicians and their patients.
C) a limited and infrequent vehicle for health care.
D) practical only for people living in major urban areas.

45. In recent years, the average number of days per hospital stay in the United States
_______________, and the average cost per stay _______________.
A) decreased slightly; increased substantially
B) decreased substantially; increased substantially
C) increased slightly; did not change
D) increased slightly; increased substantially

46. Hospitalized patients often feel a sense of:

A) depersonalization.
B) increased information control over their health condition.
C) increased behavioral control.
D) increased cognitive control.

47. Interventions that help patients prepare for hospitalization by describing the
particular procedures and physical sensations that might be expected are focused
on increasing:
A) informational control.
B) cognitive control.
C) sensory control.
D) behavioral control.

48. In Irving Janis's study of surgical patients, those who displayed ____________

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 had the fewest postoperative problems.
A) the lowest levels of fear
B) moderate levels of fear
C) high levels of reactance
D) low levels of reactance

49. Cognitive control refers to interventions that:

A) teach techniques for controlling pain.
B) speed recovery during and after a medical procedure.
C) direct the patient's attention to the positive aspects of a procedure.
D) increase patients' knowledge regarding a medical procedure.

50. Interventions that teach techniques for controlling pain and speeding recovery
during and after a medical procedure are called:
A) behavioral control.
B) cognitive control.
C) informational control.
D) social control.

51. Interventions aimed at increasing behavioral control are most beneficial for
medical procedures in which:
A) the patient's participation has no effect on the progress of the procedure.
B) the patient's participation can assist progress.
C) the procedure is not painful.
D) the procedure is quite painful.

52. Janice is a health care provider who completed the first year of medical school,
followed by a second year of clinical rotations. She performs many of the routine
tasks of medical care, including taking medical histories and prescribing
medications. Janice is most likely a(n):
A) registered nurse.
B) nurse practitioner.
C) physician's assistant.
D) social worker.

53. Conrad is a health care provider who has completed graduate training in
advanced-practice nursing and primary care. Conrad is most likely a(n):
A) registered nurse.
B) nurse practitioner.
C) physician's assistant.
D) social worker.

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 54. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic types of health care delivery
systems around the world?
A) Single-provider system
B) National Health Insurance
C) Mandated Insurance
D) Private sector model

55. A payment model in which health care services are paid by patients, out of
pocket, at the time of treatment is:
A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) the preferred-provider organization.
D) a health maintenance organization.

56. A health care organization in which individuals pay a fixed monthly rate and use
services as needed is:
A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) the preferred-provider organization.
D) a health maintenance organization.

57. A managed-care network of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers
that agree to charge pre-established rates for specific services is:
A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) the preferred-provider organization.
D) a health maintenance organization.

58. In _____________, patients become active participants in their own care.

A) managed care
B) patient-centered care
C) a preferred-provider organization
D) a health maintenance organization

59. Commonly called “Obamacare,” the _______________ is expected to bring

about significant changes in how health care is paid for and provided in the
United States.
A) Managed Care Act
B) Fee-for-service Act

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C) Affordable Care Act
D) Crossing the Quality Chasm Act

60. A major part of health care reform under the Affordable Care Act is the creation
of:
A) managed care.
B) accountable care organizations.
C) fee-for-service organizations.
D) health maintenance organizations.

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Answer Key

1. C
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. A
12. D
13. D
14. A
15. D
16. A
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. D
21. B
22. C
23. C
24. D
25. A
26. D
27. C
28. D
29. B
30. A
31. C
32. A
33. D
34. A
35. A
36. C
37. B
38. B
39. D
40. D
41. A
42. A
43. A
44. A

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45. A
46. A
47. A
48. B
49. C
50. A
51. B
52. C
53. B
54. D
55. B
56. A
57. C
58. B
59. C
60. B

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