Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance project identified each of the following
health-risk behaviors as putting young people at risk for premature death and illness
EXCEPT:
A) not using proven medical methods for diagnosing disease early.
B) abusing alcohol or other drugs.
C) engaging in violent behavior.
D) irregular sleep habits.
4. According to the health belief model, a man who believes that cancer is a fatal illness,
that no good treatment exists for it, and who lives in a community with a relatively low
cancer rate will take what action when he finds a lump in his testicle?
A) immediately make an appointment with his doctor
B) probably not seek treatment
C) call a friend for advice
D) It is impossible to predict what he will do.
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6. Educational interventions aimed at changing health beliefs:
A) have not proven to be very successful.
B) are more effective when aimed at people with high socioeconomic status.
C) are more effective with women than with men.
D) are effective in increasing health-protective behaviors.
8. According to the theory of planned behavior, the best way to predict whether a health
behavior will occur is to measure a person's:
A) subjective norm.
B) perceived behavioral control.
C) behavioral intention.
D) past behavior.
9. Living in the fraternity house, Carl finds it hard to eat a low-fat diet because his
housemates think such a diet is unmanly. According to the theory of planned behavior,
Carl's interpretation of his fraternity brothers' views and his failure to eat what he knows
is a healthier diet is being influenced by:
A) perceived benefits.
B) feelings of invulnerability.
C) behavioral willingness.
D) the subjective norm.
10. Research on the relationship between attitudes and behavior has shown:
A) no connection between the two.
B) a connection between attitudes and behavior.
C) that people do not always do what they say they intend to do.
D) that attitudes are more likely to predict behavior when they are based on direct
experience.
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11. Which theory of health behavior emphasizes the importance of perceived behavioral
control in attitude formation and behavior change?
A) health belief model
B) theory of planned behavior
C) precede/proceed model
D) transtheoretical model
12. Which theory of health behavior has the practical advantage of allowing health
psychologists to match an intervention to the specific needs of each person?
A) health belief model
B) theory of planned behavior
C) transtheoretical model
D) All of the answers are correct.
13. Which theory contends that people pass through stages of precontemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance in altering health-related
behaviors?
A) health belief model
B) precede/proceed model
C) theory of planned behavior
D) transtheoretical model
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16. Because he has high blood pressure, Jake watches his diet and takes anti-hypertension
medication. These behaviors are examples of _______________ prevention.
A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) All of these are examples.
19. Dr. Renton advocates for public policies that promote equity in access to quality health
care and other social services. Dr. Renton is most likely a:
A) social worker.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) community health psychologist.
D) physician's assistant.
21. Which of the following family variables has NOT been linked with risky health-related
behaviors among adolescents?
A) parental conflict
B) absence of parental supervision
C) parental drug and alcohol use
D) single parenthood
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22. Which of the following is NOT true of people who do not have health insurance
(compared with those who do)?
A) They receive about one-half the medical care.
B) They are likely to die at a younger age.
C) They are more likely to be diagnosed at later stages of illness.
D) They are more often women than men.
23. Most people in the United States who do not have health insurance:
A) come from families living below the federal poverty level.
B) come from working families with incomes above the federal poverty level.
C) are elderly, retired adults.
D) can afford to buy insurance, but choose not to.
24. Binge drinking is associated with several social risk factors, including:
A) being a college student.
B) maturing out.
C) having a large number of siblings.
D) low socioeconomic status.
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28. A health message that focuses on a negative outcome from failing to perform a
health-promoting behavior is a(n) _______________ message.
A) gain-framed
B) loss-framed
C) approach-oriented
D) avoidance-oriented
30. Loss-framed messages are particularly effective with people who are:
A) avoidance oriented.
B) approach oriented.
C) young.
D) old.
31. Dennis has just heard a public service message on the hazards of smoking. Dennis is
most likely to quit smoking as the result of this campaign if he:
A) has been smoking for a long time.
B) has tried to quit several times in the past.
C) believes that he can perform those behaviors necessary to quitting.
D) has been smoking only a short time.
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34. Which type of intervention focuses on the conditions that elicit health behaviors and the
factors that help to maintain and reinforce them?
A) Cognitive interventions
B) Self-monitoring interventions
C) Aversion therapy
D) Cognitive-behavioral interventions
35. Kendra wants to cut down on the number of soft drinks in her diet. Her plan begins with
a week of careful recordkeeping in which she counts the number of soft drinks she
consumes each day. This is an example of:
A) operant reinforcement.
B) stimulus control.
C) self-monitoring.
D) aversion therapy.
36. The intervention in which an unpleasant outcome is associated with a stimulus that
currently triggers an unwanted behavior is called:
A) stimulus-control.
B) aversion therapy.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) negative reinforcement.
37. Using the drug Antabuse to treat unhealthy patterns of alcohol consumption is an
intervention that relies on principles of:
A) stimulus control.
B) operant conditioning.
C) classical conditioning.
D) self-monitoring.
38. Many health behaviors are voluntary, and would be classified as:
A) operant behaviors.
B) respondent behaviors.
C) Pavlovian behaviors.
D) discriminative behaviors.
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39. A pleasant stimulus or event that increases the frequency of the health behavior that it
follows is a(n):
A) conditioned stimulus.
B) unconditioned stimulus.
C) positive reinforcer.
D) negative reinforcer.
40. An unpleasant stimulus that, when removed following a health behavior, increases the
likelihood of the behavior in the future is a(n):
A) conditioned stimulus.
B) unconditioned stimulus.
C) positive reinforcer.
D) negative reinforcer.
42. Marsha, a nurse, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces her level of
stress. Marsha's running habit is maintained by __________ reinforcement.
A) positive
B) negative
C) conditioned
D) partial
44. Token economies and modeling are widely used types of:
A) counterconditioning.
B) respondent conditioning.
C) Pavlovian conditioning.
D) operant conditioning.
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45. After an especially stressful day at work, Connie isn't interested in talking to her family
and just wants to be by herself. Connie's behavior is an example of:
A) an interaction effect.
B) social withdrawal.
C) negative emotion spillover.
D) avoidance.
46. After getting into an argument at work, Jack becomes impatient with his son's behavior
at the dinner table. Jack's behavior is an example of:
A) an interaction effect.
B) social withdrawal.
C) negative emotion spillover.
D) avoidance.
47. Negative emotion spillover and social withdrawal are examples of:
A) interaction effects.
B) main effects.
C) allostasis.
D) crossover effects.
48. The safety triad refers to a work culture that pays attention to:
A) individual and group performance.
B) equipment, management systems, and workplace design.
C) biology, cognition, and experience.
D) the person, the environment, and behavior.
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51. Despite growing up in poverty and a childhood characterized by extreme adversity,
Rosa has lived an exceptional life filled with success and well-being in every domain.
Rosa exemplifies the outcome called:
A) anabolism.
B) catabolism.
C) allostatic load.
D) thriving.
52. Which term refers to the body's ability to adapt to stress and other elements of rapidly
changing environments?
A) Anabolism
B) Catabolism
C) Allostasis
D) Resilience
55. Which type of metabolism counters arousal and promotes relaxation and healing
processes such as protein synthesis?
A) Anabolic
B) Catabolic
C) Allostatic
D) Sympathetic
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57. Which of the following is not an anabolic hormone?
A) Cortisol
B) insulin-like growth factor
C) growth hormone
D) sex steroids
61. The capacity of the brain and body to withstand challenges to homeostasis is called:
A) allostatic load.
B) resilience.
C) biological embedding.
D) eustress.
62. Animal research studies have shown that chronic stress leads to a dramatic shrinkage
and loss of connectivity among neurons in one area of the:
A) prefrontal cortex.
B) amygdala.
C) temporal lobe.
D) parietal lobe.
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63. The process by which the functioning of the brain is shaped by feedback from
neuroendocrine systems working to maintain homeostasis is:
A) allostaic load.
B) physical thriving.
C) biological embedding.
D) methylation.
66. Lower cortisol levels and stronger immune systems are found in people who:
A) score low in measures of self-efficacy.
B) score high in measures of neuroticism.
C) have a strong sense of control in their lives.
D) have a weak sense of mastery in their lives.
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Answer Key
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. A
18. D
19. C
20. A
21. D
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. A
26. D
27. A
28. B
29. A
30. B
31. C
32. B
33. A
34. D
35. C
36. B
37. C
38. A
39. C
40. D
41. A
42. B
43. A
44. D
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45. B
46. C
47. D
48. D
49. A
50. A
51. D
52. C
53. D
54. B
55. A
56. B
57. A
58. C
59. C
60. A
61. B
62. A
63. C
64. D
65. B
66. C
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