Culture Counts A Concise Introduction

to Cultural Anthropology 2nd Edition

Nanda Test Bank
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 Chapter 7 Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. What is unique about family relationships among the Na of China?
a. Among the Na, marriage is polygamous. Men and women reproduce
temporarily and then move on to other relationships. Women and men
never live together.
b. There is no marriage or paternity recognized in the culture; men and
women reproduce through incest. Families consist of women, brothers,
and their children.
c. There is no marriage or paternity recognized in the culture; men only visit
women temporarily and leave. Families consist of the women, their
children, and their male relatives.
d. There is no marriage or paternity recognized in the culture; men only visit
women temporarily and leave. Families consist of women and their
children. Men always live in village men’s houses.
e. There is marriage among the Na, but it is not defined the same way as it is
in Western society. Men and women practice serial marriage, moving
from one to another partner and living together temporarily.
Answer: C Page: 152

2. What is most responsible for changing Na family structures today?

a. the shortage of women in China today
b. state-sponsored public school and the need to name a father on official
documents
c. economic prosperity and the desire to create inheritance lines to allow
children to inherit
d. increasing economic demands and poverty that make it necessary for the
family to become larger and more productive
e. the shortage of men
Answer: B Page: 153

3. Marriage traditionally, and most commonly, extends social alliances between

all of the following except:
a. cultures.
b. the couple.
c. the couple and child.
d. kin groups.
e. different families.
Answer: A Page: 154

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4. The customs, rules, and obligations that establish a socially-endorsed
relationship between adults and children and between the kin groups of the
married partners is called:
a. cohabitation.
b. conjugal union.
c. “family visits.”
d. intercourse.
e. marriage.
Answer: E Page: 154
MSC: WWW

5. Which of the following statements about the incest taboo is correct?

a. All human societies have an incest taboo, but it is only applicable to the
nuclear family.
b. The incest taboo is found only in Western societies.
c. All human societies have an incest taboo.
d. The incest taboo encourages cousins to mate but not members of the same
nuclear family.
e. The incest taboo is universal and prevents mating between members of the
nuclear family and first cousins.
Answer: C Page: 155

6. Bronislaw Malinowski argued that the incest taboo is universal because:

a. it decreases the amount of genetic harmfulness and reduces the number of
weak offspring.
b. it decreases the potential for family conflict and disruption of role
relationships.
c. it increases the number of social alliances that people make within human
societies.
d. all societies have the same rules of exogamy and endogamy.
e. it increases the number of marriageable pairs within a society and allows
population to grow at a higher rate.
Answer: B Page: 155-156

7. What is the primary significance of rules of exogamy?

a. They form the basis for alliance between groups.
b. They keep privileges and wealth of a group intact.
c. They limit rivalries for power and influence.
d. They function to create a more conservative religious alliance.
e. They allow families to marry individuals who are related to them.
Answer: A Page: 156

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8. In the United States, racial groups and social classes tend to be:
a. endogamous.
b. exogamous.
c. collateral kin.
d. caste-like.
e. patrilineal.
Answer: A Page: 157
MSC: WWW

9. Parallel-cousin marriage involves:

a. children whose parents are first cousins.
b. children whose parents are related by marriage.
c. children who are third cousins.
d. children of the parents’ opposite-sex siblings.
e. children of the parents’ same-sex siblings.
Answer: E Page: 157

10. Ego’s mother’s brother’s child is classified as which kind of cousin in

anthropology?
a. parallel
b. cross
c. affinal
d. third
e. second
Answer: B Page: 157

11. Under the levirate rule, if Tom and Jane are married and:
a. Tom dies, Jane will be returned to her nuclear family.
b. Tom dies, Jane will marry one of Tom’s uncles.
c. Tom dies, Jane will marry one of Tom’s brothers.
d. Jane dies, Tom will marry one of Jane’s aunts.
e. Jane dies, Tom will marry one of Jane’s sisters.
Answer: C Page: 158

12. The most common form of marriage across cultures is:

a. monogamy.
b. polygyny.
c. polyandry.
d. arranged marriage.
e. serial monogamy.
Answer: B Page: 158
MSC: WWW

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13. What percentage of the world’s societies permit polygyny as a marriage
norm?
a. 15%
b. 37%
c. 59%
d. 75%
e. 83%
Answer: D Page: 158

14. Polygyny is a form of marriage in which:

a. women’s status is universally low.
b. women’s status is universally high.
c. women’s and men’s status varies cross-culturally.
d. men’s status is universally high.
e. men’s status is universally low.
Answer: D Page: 159

15. Among the Toda of South India, there tends to be:

a. fraternal polyandry.
b. maternal polyandry.
c. fraternal polygyny.
d. maternal polygyny.
e. monogamy.
Answer: A Page: 159

16. Which of the following statements is not true?

a. In most societies the economic potential of the groom is highly significant.
b. In arranged marriages the senior members of a family exercise a great deal
of influence over the marriage.
c. In most societies kin group interests have a more significant role in mate
selection than individual desires.
d. Arranged marriages are not found in the majority of the world’s cultures.
e. In most societies the bride’s reproductive potential is a significant part of
the marriage arrangement.
Answer: D Page: 159-160

17. When cash or goods are given by the groom’s kin to the bride’s kin to seal the
marriage, it is classified as:
a. dowry.
b. bride service.
c. bridewealth.
d. levirate.
e. sororate.
Answer: C Page: 161
MSC: WWW

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18. Bride service is found most commonly among which type of society?
a. agricultural
b. horticultural
c. foraging
d. industrial
e. pastoral
Answer: C Page: 161

19. Which of the following is not a correct argument supporting the use of dowry?
a. It symbolizes the affection that the bride’s family feels for her.
b. It is the most common form of marriage compensation found in the world
today.
c. It is a compensatory payment given by the bride’s family to the groom’s
family as acknowledgement of their taking on an economic burden.
d. It is a source of security for women in a new marriage.
e. It provides the newly-married couple with resources to start their own
household.
Answer: B Page: 162-163

20. Nuclear families are organized around __________ relations and extended
families are organized around __________ relations.
a. consanguineal; descent
b. conjugal; consanguineal
c. descent; residence
d. residence; conjugal
e. relative; blood
Answer: B Page: 164

21. When a couple lives with the wife’s family, it is referred to as:
a. neolocal residence.
b. bilocal residence.
c. avunculocal residence.
d. patrilocal residence.
e. matrilocal residence.
Answer: E Page: 163

22. When a couple can choose between living with the wife’s or husband’s
family, it is called:
a. neolocal residence.
b. bilocal residence.
c. avunculocal residence.
d. patrilocal residence.
e. matrilocal residence.
Answer: B Page: 163

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23. How has the American family changed since the 1960s?
a. Almost fifty percent of American families have been through a divorce.
b. Women continue to bear the greatest responsibilities for housework and
childcare.
c. Almost half of the children of divorced families have not seen their father
in more than one year.
d. Divorce is frequently followed by remarriage.
e. All of these are correct.
Answer: E Page: 164-165

24. Most polygynous families are structured into:

a. composite families.
b. nuclear families.
c. extended families.
d. matrilineal families.
e. avunculocal families.
Answer: A Page: 165

25. Which of the following is not an example of a cognatic descent system?

a. Both the mother’s and father’s lines are equally used to determine descent
and kinship.
b. A system has no clear-cut descent group, but rather has a network of kin
called kindred.
c. A man and his children belong to the same descent group. Inheritance is
passed from father to son.
d. A child chooses to affiliate with his or her mother’s descent group.
e. A child chooses to affiliate with his or her father’s descent group.
Answer: C Page: 172

26. A(n) __________ family is organized around the female line.

a. ambilineal
b. patrilineal
c. matrilineal
d. bilineal
e. kindred
Answer: C Page: 168

27. Kin groups that trace descent from a common ancestor and who can
demonstrate those genealogical links among themselves are called:
a. moieties.
b. clans.
c. kindreds.
d. corporate descent groups.
e. lineages.
Answer: E Page: 168

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28. The Nuer are a(n) ___________ society.
a. matrilineal
b. patrilineal
c. bilateral
d. ambilineal
e. cognatic
Answer: B Page: 169

29. The Hopi are a(n) _________ society.

a. matrilineal
b. patrilineal
c. bilateral
d. ambilineal
e. cognatic
Answer: A Page: 170

30. The individual who has authority and control in a matrilineal society is:
a. the children’s father.
b. the children’s grandmother.
c. the children maternal uncle (mother’ brother).
d. the children’s paternal uncle (father’s brother).
e. the children’s mother.
Answer: C Page: 171

31. Non-unilineal descent groups are also called:

a. cognatic.
b. matrilineal.
c. patrilineal.
d. double descent.
e. compository.
Answer: A Page: 172

32. All of the following are principles for classifying kin except:
a. sex of linking relative.
b. lineality vs. collaterality.
c. gender.
d. race.
e. relative age.
Answer: D Page: 173
MSC: WWW

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 33. The principle of __________ differentiates relatives by blood from relatives
by marriage.
a. consanguineal vs. affinal kin
b. lineality vs. collaterality
c. relative age
d. bifurcation
e. gender
Answer: A Page: 173

34. Which kinship principle differentiates between cross-cousins and parallel

cousins?
a. consanguinal vs. affinal kin
b. gender
c. bifurcation
d. relative age
e. sex of linking relative
Answer: E Page: 173

35. The primary difference between the FLDS and the Mormon Church is that:
a. the FLDS does not believe in following any of U.S. federal laws.
b. the FDS continues to practice polygamy.
c. the FLDS and the Mormon Church agreed to a separation of land and
resources.
d. the FLDS does not use electricity and running water; they believe in
producing everything for themselves.
e. the FLDS and Mormon Church do not have the same religious roots.
Answer: B Page: 174

36. Although lay people refer to plural marriage as “polygamy,” the appropriate
anthropological term for what the FLDS practice is:
a. polyandry.
b. polygyny.
c. polygandry.
d. polysororate.
e. plurality.
Answer: B Page: 174

True/False
1. Marriage is a cultural construction.
Answer: True Page: 153

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 2. Exogamy specifies that a person must marry within a specific group of
individuals.
Answer: False Page: 156

3. All societies practice some form of the levirate and sororate.

Answer: False Page: 158

4. When kin group interests are the basis of mate selection it is called arranged
marriage.
Answer: True Page: 159

5. Bride wealth transactions are particularly characteristic of Africa.

Answer: True Page: 161

6. More than 25 percent of the world’s population is traditionally neolocal.

Answer: False Page: 163

7. Kinship systems are cultural phenomena.

Answer: True Page: 167

8. Clans do not normally indicate the residence of an individual.

Answer: True Page: 168

9. Ambilineal descent is a type of cognatic descent.

Answer: True Page: 172

10. The Fundamentalist Latter-Day Saints are part of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-Day Saints.
Answer: False Page: 174

Short Answer
1. Name four functions of marriage.
Answer: Marriage functions to: regulate sexual access between males and
females, provide for inheritance for children, assign responsibility
for child care, find satisfactory ways to organize labor, and provide
a clear framework for organizing and individual’s rights and
responsibilities.
Page: 154

2. How does polyandry differ from polygyny?

Answer: Polyandry is when one woman may marry multiple men and
polygyny is when one man may marry multiple women.
Page: 158-159

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 3. How many generations are there in an extended family?
Answer: There are three or more.
Page: 163

4. Name three functions of a kinship system.

Answer: It functions to provide continuity between generations, provide for
the orderly transmission of property and social position, and to
define a universe of others on whom a person can depend for aid.
Page: 167

5. Most non-unilineal systems are __________.

Answer: bilateral
Page: 172

Essay
1. Marriage is a virtually universal institution among human societies. Discuss
the advantages that marriage has for human society. In the case of a society
that does not have marriage, how might it regulate these needs without
marriage?
Answer: Will vary

2. Compare and contrast each of the marriage compensations that are found in
contemporary human societies. How are these changing today in a globalized
economy?
Answer: Will vary

3. Compare and contrast the functions of marriage and kinship systems in a

society.
Answer: Will vary

4. Polygyny is a very commonly-accepted form of marriage in many societies.

List and describe of the advantages of polygyny for a man, his wives, and his
children.
Answer: Will vary

5. Consider a newly-married couple in each of the various forms of residence.

How does the particular residence rule affect the type of family that couple
will produce and how that family will function?
Answer: Will vary

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