Basic College Mathematics 12th Edition

Bittinger Solutions Manual

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Chapter 8
Measurement
1 87.5 875 7 · 125 7
40. 87 % = 87.5% = = = =
Exercise Set 8.1 2 100 1000 8 · 125 8
0.078
42. w = = 0.04
5280 ft 1.95
RC2. 1 = ; see page 456 in the text.
1 mi 4 4 6 24
44. = · =
1 mi 15 15 6 90
RC4. 1 = ; see page 456 in the text.
5280 ft 2020
46. Country music stations to news/talk stations:
12 in. 1503
RC6. 1 = ; see page 456 in the text. 1503
1 ft News/talk stations to country music stations:
2020
2. 1 yd = 3 ft (See page 456 in the text.)
48. 6 cubits = 6 × 1 cubit ≈ 6 × 18 in. ≈ 108 in.
1 yd 1 1 1
4. 1 mi = 1 × 1 mi = 1 × 5280 ✧
ft × = 1760 yd 1 span = cubit = · 1 cubit ≈ × 18 in. ≈ 9 in.
3✧ft 2 2 2
1 yd 1 6 cubits and a span = 108 in. + 9 in. = 117 in.
6. 1 ft = 1 ✧
ft × = yd
3✧ft 3 1 ft 117
In feet: 117 in. = 117 in. × = ft =
8. 10 yd = 10 × 1 yd = 10 × 3 ft = 30 ft 12 in. 12
3
1 yd 9 ft, or 9.75 ft
10. 48 ft = 48 ✧
ft × = 16 yd 4
3✧ft
1 yd 29 2
12. 29 ft = 29 ✧
ft × = yd, or 9 yd Exercise Set 8.2
3✧ft 3 3
1 yd
14. 5 mi = 5 × 1 mi = 5 × 5280 ✧
ft × = 8800 yd RC2. 3 hm = 3000 cm, so 3 hm > 3 cm.
3✧ft
1 mi 1 RC4. 3 m = 0.03 hm, so 3 m < 3 hm.
16. 11, 616 ft = 11, 616 ✧
ft × = 2.2 mi, or 2 mi
5280 ✧
ft 5 RC6. 3 cm = 0.03 m, so 3 cm < 3 m.
18. 9.6 yd = 9.6 × 1 yd = 9.6 × 3 ft = 28.8 ft
2. a) 1.00.
1 mi ↑
20. 31, 680 ft = 31, 680 ✧
ft × = 6 mi
5280 ✧
ft
1 hm = 100 m
22. 48 in. = 48 ✦
1 ft
in. ×
12 ✦
= 4 ft b) 0.01.
in.
↑
1 1 19
24. 6 yd = 6 × 1 yd = × 36 in. = 1 m = 0.01 hm
3 3 3
19 · 36
in. = 228 in. 4. a) 0.1.
3 ↑
3✧ft 1 mi
✧×
26. 5280 yd = 5280 yd × = 3 mi 1 dm = 0.1 m
✧ 5280 ✧
1 yd ft
b) 1.0.
28. 25 mi = 25 × 1 mi = 25 × 5280 ft = 132, 000 ft ↑

30. 480 in. = 480 ✦

1 ft 1 m = 10 dm
in. ×
12 ✦
= 40 ft
in.
6. a) 0.001.
32. 720 in. = 720 ✦
1 yd
in. × ↑
36 ✦
= 20 yd
in.
1 mm = 0.001 m
34. 25 in. = 25 ✦
1 ft 25 1
in. ×
12 ✦
= ft, or 2 ft b) 1.000.
in. 12 12
↑
1✧
36. 63, 360 in. = 63, 360 ✦
ft 1 mi
in. × ×
12 ✦
= 1 mi
in. 5280 ✧
ft 1 m = 1000 mm

38. 450 in. = 450 ✦

1 yd 1
in. ×
36 ✦
= 12 yd, or 12.5 yd
in. 2

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
156 Chapter 8: Measurement

8. 27.000. 38. 0 . 00.056

↑ ↑
27 km = 27,000 m 0.056 mm = 0.00056 dm
10. 0.00.789 40. To convert from m to mm, move the decimal point 3 places
↑ to the right.
0.789 cm = 0.00789 m 109.09 m = 109,090 mm

12. 8 . 664. To convert from m to cm, move the decimal point 2 places
↑ to the right.
109.09 m = 10,909 cm
8664 m = 8.664 km
42. To convert from mm to cm, move the decimal point 1 place
14. 0 . 004.733
to the left.
↑
56 mm = 5.6 cm
4.733 m = 0.004733 km
To convert from mm to m, move the decimal point 3 places
16. 869.00. to the left.
↑ 56 mm = 0.056 m
869 m = 86,900 cm
44. To convert from cm to mm, move the decimal point 1 place
18. 0 . 006.27 to the right.
↑ 0.23 cm = 2.3 mm
6.27 mm = 0.00627 m To convert from cm to m, move the decimal point 2 places
to the left.
20. 6.8.8
↑ 0.23 cm = 0.0023 m
6.88 m = 68.8 dm 46. To convert from mm to cm, move the decimal point 1 place
to the left.
22. 0.00001.
↑ 192,000 mm = 19,200 cm

1 cm = 0.00001 km To convert from mm to m, move the decimal point 3 places

to the left.
24. 2.00000.
192,000 mm = 192 m
↑
2 km = 200,000 cm 48. 23.4 ÷ 1000 0.023.4
↑
26. 25.3.
↑ 3 zeros Move 3 places
23.4 ÷ 1000 = 0.0234
25.3 cm = 253 mm
1 4 161 4 × 161 4 × 161
/ 161 1
28. 0 . 9.7 50. 4 × 20 = × = = = , or 80
8 1 8 8 4·2
/ 2 2
↑
9.7 mm = 0.97 cm 0 .6 2 5
52. 8 5 .0 0 0
30. 8000 . 000. 4 8
↑ 20
8,000,000 m = 8000 km 16
4 0
32. 6 . 0000. 4 0
↑ 0
60,000 mm = 6 dam 0.62.5
↑
34. 0 . 07.44
↑ 5 1
= 62.5%, or 62 %
8 2
7.44 m = 0.0744 hm
11 5 44 15 29
36. 54. − = − =
9.0. 18 24 72 72 72
↑
9 km = 90 hm

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Exercise Set 8.3 157

56. 10.8% 24. Since we can easily convert inches to centimeters, we first
a) Replace the percent symbol with ×0.01. convert yards to inches.
10.8 × 0.01 120 yd = 120 × 1 yd

b) Move the decimal point two places to the left. = 120 × 36 in.

0 . 10.8 = 4320 in.

↑ Now convert inches to centimeters:
4320 in. = 4320 × 1 in.
Thus, 10.8% = 0.108.
≈ 4320 × 2.540 cm
58. Since 1 meter is just over a yard, we place the decimal
= 10, 972.8 cm
point as follows: 492.
To convert centimeters to meters, move the decimal point
60. Since 1 centimeter is about 0.3937 inch, we place the dec- 2 places to the left: 10,972.8 cm = 109.728 m.
imal point as follows: 11.2. To convert centimeters to millimeters, move the decimal
point 1 place to the right: 10,972.8 cm = 109,728 mm.
Exercise Set 8.3 If we had converted directly from yd to m, and then to cm
and mm, using the conversion 1 yd ≈ 0.914 m, we would
RC2. 1 m ≈ 3.281 ft, so 1 m > 1 ft. have the following results:
120 yd = 109.68 m = 10,968 cm = 109,680 mm
RC4. 1 mi ≈ 1.609 km, so 1 mi > 1 km.
26. Since we can easily convert meters to yards and to inches,
RC6. 1 m ≈ 3.281 ft and 1 km = 1000 m ≈ 3281 ft, so we first convert millimeters to meters by moving the deci-
1 km > 1 ft. mal point 3 places to the left: 56 mm = 0.056 m.
2. 12 in. = 12 × 1 in. ≈ 12 × 2.54 cm = 30.48 cm Convert meters to yards:
0.056 m = 0.056 × 1 m
4. 2 m = 2 × 1 m ≈ 2 × 3.281 ft = 6.562 ft
≈ 0.056 × 1.094 yd
100 km 1 km
6. = 100 × ≈ ≈ 0.06126 yd
hr hr
0.621 mi To convert millimeters to centimeters, move the decimal
100 × = 62.1 mph point 1 place to the left: 56 m = 5.6 cm.
hr
8. 141, 600, 000 mi = 141, 600, 000 × 1 mi ≈ Convert meters to inches:
141, 600, 000 × 1.609 km = 227, 834, 400 km 0.056 m = 0.056 × 1 m
60 km 1 km 0.621 mi ≈ 0.056 × 39.370 in.
10. = 60 × ≈ 60 × = 37.26 mph = 2.20472 in.
hr hr hr
12. 450 ft = 450 × 1 ft ≈ 450 × 0.305 m = 137.25 m 28. Because we can easily convert meters to yards and to
inches, we first convert centimeters to meters by moving
1m
14. 69 in. ≈ 69 in. × the decimal point 2 places to the left: 300 cm = 3 m.
39.370 in.
69 in. Convert from meters to yards:
= × ×1 m 3 m = 3×1 m
39.370 in.
≈ 1.7526 m ≈ 3 × 1.094 yd
16. 1671 ft = 1671 × 1 ft = 3.282 yd
≈ 1671 × 0.305 m Convert from meters to inches:
3 m = 3×1 m
= 509.655 m
≈ 3 × 39.370 in.
18. 7.5 in. = 7.5 × 1 in.
≈ 7.5 × 2.540 cm = 118.11 in.
= 19.05 cm To convert from centimeters to millimeters, move the dec-
imal point 1 place to the right: 300 cm = 3000 mm.
20. 1862 mi = 1862 × 1 mi
≈ 1862 × 1.609 km 30. Because we can easily convert meters to yards and to
inches, we first convert centimeters to meters by moving
= 2995.958 km the decimal point 2 places to the left: 0.23 cm = 0.0023 m.
22. 0.25 in. = 0.25 × 1 in. Convert from meters to yards:
≈ 0.25 × 2.540 cm 0.0023 m = 0.0023 × 1 m
= 0.635 cm ≈ 0.0023 × 1.094 yd
= 6.35 mm ≈ 0.0025 yd

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158 Chapter 8: Measurement

Convert from meters to inches: 4. When converting from meters to centimeters, we multiply
0.0023 m = 0.0023 × 1 m by 100. This is equivalent to moving the decimal point two
places to the right, so the given statement is true.
≈ 0.0023 × 39.370 in.
= 0.090551 in. 5. 1 ft ≈ 0.305 m ≈ 30.5 cm ≈ 30 cm, so the statement is
To convert from centimeters to millimeters, move the dec- true.
imal point 1 place to the right: 0.23 cm = 2.3 mm. 2 2 50
6. 16 yd = 16 × 1 yd = × 3 ft = 50 ft
3 3 3
32. Because we can easily convert from yards to meters and
then from meters to centimeters and to millimeters, we 1 mi
7. 13, 200 ft = 13, 200 ft × = 2.5 mi
first convert yards to meters. 5280 ft
460 yd = 460 × 1 yd 1m 1 km
8. 520 mm = 520 mm × = 0.52 m × =
≈ 460 × 0.914 m 1000 mm 1000 m
0.00052 km
= 420.44 m 1m
To convert meters to centimeters, move the decimal point 9. 10, 200 mm = 10, 200 mm × ≈
1000 mm
2 places to the right: 420.44 m = 42,044 cm. 3.281 ft
10.2 m × = 33.4662 ft
Convert yards to inches: 1m
460 yd = 460 × 1 yd 1 1
10. 5 mi = 5 × 1 mi
2 2
= 460 × 36 in.
11 1 yd
= 16, 560 in. = × 5280 ft ×
2 3 ft
To convert meters to millimeters, move the decimal point 11 × 5280 ft
= × × 1 yd
3 places to the right: 420.44 m = 420,440 mm. 2×3 ft
= 9680 yd
34. Let a = the amount budgeted for operations and mainte-
nance of the George W. Bush Presidential Center in 2013, 1 ft
in millions of dollars. 11. 840 in. = 840 in. ×
12 in.
Solve: a = 8.6% × 68.7 840 in.
= × 1 ft
a ≈ $5.91 million 12 in.
840 in.
36. 1 mm = 0.001 m = × × 1 ft
12 in.
= 0.001 × 1 m = 70 ft
≈ 0.001 × 39.370 in. 12. 24.05 cm = dm
= 0.03937 in. Think: To go from cm to dm in the table is a move of 1
Thus, we have 1 m = 0.03937 in. place to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 1 place
25.4 and 0.03937 are reciprocals. to the left.
24.05 cm = 2.405 dm
38. 100 m = 0.1 km
0.1 km ✧
0.1 km 0.621 mi 60 ✦ sec 60 ✦
min 13. 0.15 m = km
≈ × × ×
10.49 sec 10.49 ✦
sec ✧
1 km 1✦
min 1 hr Think: To go from m to km in the table is a move of
0.1 × 0.621 × 60 × 60 mi 3 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 3
= ×
10.49 hr places to the left.
≈ 21.3 mph 0.15 m = 0.00015 km
Answers can vary slightly depending on how the conversion
was done. 14. 630 yd = 630 × 1 yd
= 630 × 36 in.
Chapter 8 Mid-Chapter Review = 22, 680 in.
15. 100 ft = 100 × 1 ft
1. Since 1 mi ≈ 1.609 km and 1 m = 0.001 km, distances = 100 × 12 in.
that are measured in miles in the American system would = 1200 in.
probably be measured in kilometers in the metric system.
Thus, the given statement is false. 16. 6000 dam = m

2. 1 m ≈ 3.281 ft and 1 yd = 3 ft, so the statement is true. Think: To go from dam to m in the table is a move of
1 place to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 1
3. 1 km ≈ 0.621 mi, so the statement is false. place to the right.
6000 dam = 60,000 m

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Chapter 8 Mid-Chapter Review 159

1 yd
17. 85,000 mm = dm 26. 360 in. = 360 in. ×
36 in.
Think: To go from mm to dm in the table is a move of 360 in.
2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2 = × 1 yd
36 in.
places to the left.
360 in.
85,000 mm = 850 dm = × × 1 yd
36 in.
1 mi = 10 yd
18. 26, 400 ft = 26, 400 ft ×
5280 ft 27. 19.2 m = mm
26, 400 ft Think: To go from m to mm in the table is a move of 3
= × 1 mi
5280 ft places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 3
26, 400 ft places to the right.
= × × 1 mi
5280 ft 19.2 m = 19,200 mm
= 5 mi
1 ft
1 yd 28. 1200 in. = 1200 in. ×
19. 3753 ft = 3753 ft × 12 in.
3 ft 1200 in.
3753 ft = × 1 ft
= × 1 yd 12 in.
3 ft 1200 in.
3753 ft = × × 1 ft
= × × 1 yd 12 in.
3 ft = 100 ft
= 1251 yd
29. 0.0001 mm = hm
20. 10 mi = 10 × 1 mi Think: To go from mm to hm in the table is a move of
= 10 × 5280 ft 5 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 5
= 52, 800 ft places to the left.
0.0001 mm = 0.000000001 hm
21. 1800 m = cm
Think: To go from m to cm in the table is a move of 2 30. 4 km = cm
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 2 Think: To go from km to cm in the table is a move of 5
places to the right. places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 5
1800 m = 180,000 cm places to the right.
4 km = 400,000 cm
22. 8.4 km = dm
Think: To go from km to dm in the table is a move of 4 31. 12 mi = 12 × 1 mi
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 4 = 12 × 5280 ft
places to the right. = 12 × 5280 × 1 ft
8.4 km = 84,000 dm = 12 × 5280 × 12 in.
23. 0.007 km = cm = 760, 320 in.
Think: To go from km to cm in the table is a move of 5 32. 36 m = 36 × 1 m
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 5 ≈ 36 × 3.281 ft
places to the right.
= 118.116 ft
0.007 km = 700 cm
33. 80 dm = dam
24. 40 dm = dam
Think: To go from dm to dam in the table is a move of
Think: To go from dm to dam in the table is a move of 2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2 places to the left.
places to the left.
80 dm = 0.8 dam
40 dm = 0.4 dam
34. 2.5 yd = 2.5 × 1 yd
25. 80.09 cm = m ≈ 2.5 × 0.914 m
Think: To go from cm to m in the table is a move of = 2.285 m
2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
places to the left. 35. 6000 mm = dm
80.09 cm = 0.8009 m Think: To go from mm to dm in the table is a move of
2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
places to the left.
6000 mm = 60 dm

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160 Chapter 8: Measurement

36. In order to use the conversion from meters to inches, we 40. We first express each measure using the same unit. We
will first convert 0.0635 mm to meters. To go from mm to will use meters as the common unit. We have 2 yd ≈
m in the table is a move of 3 places to the left. Thus, we 1.828 m, 1.5 mi ≈ 2.4135 km = 2413.5 m, 65 cm = 0.65 m,
move the decimal point 3 places to the left: 0.0635 mm = 1
ft ≈ 0.1525 m, 3 km = 3000 m, 2.5 m. Now we arrange
0.0000635 m. Now we make the conversion to inches. 2
these measures from smallest to largest.
0.0000635 m = 0.0000635 × 1 m
1
≈ 0.0000635 × 39.370 in. 2
ft, 65 cm, 2 yd, 2.5 m, 1.5 mi, 3 km
≈ 0.0025 in. 1
41. The student should have multiplied by (or divided by
1 1 12
37. yd = × 1 y 12) to convert inches to feet. The correct procedure is as
4 4
follows:
1
= × 36 in. 1 ft 23 in.
4 23 in. = 23 in. × = × 1 ft =
12 in. 12 in.
= 9 in.
23 in. 23 23
× × 1 ft = × 1 ft = ft
12 in. 12 12
1 ft
144 in. = 144 in. × 42. Metric units are based on tens, so computations and con-
12 in.
144 in. versions with metric units can be done by moving a deci-
= × 1 ft mal point. American units, which are not based on tens,
12 in.
require more complicated arithmetic in computations and
144 in.
= × × 1 ft conversions.
12 in.
= 12 ft 43. Note that a larger unit can be expressed as an equivalent
To go from m to dm in the table is a move of 1 place to number of smaller units. Then when converting from a
the right, so we move the decimal 1 place to the right to larger unit to a smaller unit, we can express the quantity
convert m to dm. Thus, 2400 m = 24, 000 dm. as a number times 1 unit and then substitute the equiv-
alent number of smaller units for the larger unit. When
0.75 mi = 0.75 × 1 mi converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit, we multiply
1 yd by 1 using one larger unit in the numerator and the equiv-
= 0.75 × 5280 ft ×
3 ft alent number of smaller units in the denominator. This
0.75 × 5280 ft allows us to “cancel” the smaller units, leaving the larger
= × × 1 yd
3 ft units.
= 1320 yd
44. Answers may vary.
To go from m to km in the table is a move of 3 places to
the left, so we move the decimal point 3 places to the left
to convert m to km. Thus, 24 m = 0.024 km. Exercise Set 8.4
To go from cm to mm in the table is a move of 1 place
to the right, so we move the decimal point 1 place to the RC2. 5 hg = 500 g, so the statement 5 hg < 400 g is false.
right to convert cm to mm. Thus, 240 cm = 2400 mm.
RC4. 48 oz = 3 lb, so the statement is 48 oz = 4 lb is false.
38. We first express each measure using the same unit. We
will use feet as the common unit. We have 100 in. = 8.3 ft, RC6. 800 cg = 8 g, so the statement 800 cg > 6 g is true.
1
430 ft, mi = 52.8 ft, 3.5 ft, 6000 ft, 1000 in. = 83.3 ft, 2. 1 lb = 16 oz (See page 475 in the text.)
100
2 yd = 6 ft. Now we arrange these measures from smallest
to largest. 4. 8 T = 8 × 2000 lb = 16,000 lb
1 16 oz
3.5 ft, 2 yd, 100 in., mi, 1000 in., 430 ft, 6000 ft 6. 10 lb = 10 ✧
lb · = 160 oz
100 1✧
lb
39. We first express each measure using the same unit. We 8. 8.07 T = 8.07 × 2000 lb = 16,140 lb
will use meters as the common unit. We have 3240 cm =
1✧
lb 1T
32.4 m, 300 m, 250 dm = 25 m, 150 hm = 15, 000 m, 10. 6400 oz = 6400 ✧
oz × × = 0.2 T
16 ✧
oz 2000 ✧
lb
33, 000 mm = 33 m, 310 dam = 3100 m,
13 km = 13, 000 m. Now we arrange these measures from 1 lb
12. 960 oz = 960 ✧
oz · = 60 lb
largest to smallest. 16 ✧oz
150 hm, 13 km, 310 dam, 300 m, 33,000 mm, 3240 cm, 14. 978, 260 tons = 978, 260 × 2000 lb = 1, 956, 520, 000 lb
250 dm
16. 1.00.
↑
1 hg = 100 g

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Exercise Set 8.4 161

18. 0 . 1. 48. 0.45 mg = 0.00045 g = 0.00045×1, 000, 000 mcg = 450 mcg
↑
50. 8000 mcg = 8000×1 mcg = 8000×0.000001 g = 0.008 g =
1 dg = 0.1 g 8 mg
(The conversion table on page 477 in the text also tells us 52. 0.075 mg = 0.000075 g = 0.000075 × 1, 000, 000 mcg =
1
that 1 dg = g.) 75 mcg
10
20. 54. 0.25 mg = 0.00025 g = 0.00025×1, 000, 000 mcg = 250 mcg
0 . 001.
↑ 56. 0.1 mg × 2 × 14 = 2.8 mg;
1 mg = 0.001 g 2.8 mg = 0.0028 g = 0.0028 × 1, 000, 000 mcg = 2800 mcg
(The conversion table on page 477 in the text also tells us 58. Let s = the amount of solution to be administered, in cc.
1
that 1 mg = g.) 80 900
1000 Solve: =
1 s
22. 1.00. s = 11.25 cc
↑
60. a) 90 mcg × 2 × 4 = 720 mcg
1 g = 100 cg
b) 90 mcg = 90 × 0.000001 g = 0.00009 g = 0.09 mg
24. 25.000. 17 mg
≈ 189 actuations
↑ 0.09 mg
25 kg = 25,000 g c) Find the number of actuations needed for a 4-month
period. (Let 1 month = 30 days.)
26. 9 . 403. 4 30 days
↑ 2 actuations · · · 4 month =
1 day 1 month
9403 g = 9.403 kg 960 actuations
From part (b) we know that one inhaler contains
28. 1.506.
approximately 189 actuations. We divide to find
↑
the number of inhalers needed.
1.506 kg = 1506 g 960
≈ 5.08
189
30. 0 . 45.
Danielle will need 6 inhalers.
↑
99
45 cg = 0.45 g 62. 99% =
100
32. 0.0.025 34.2 34.2 10 342 171
64. 34.2% = = · = =
↑ 100 100 10 1000 500
2 200 200 1 200 · 1
0.0025 cg = 0.025 mg 66. 66.6% = 66 % = %= × = =
3 3 3 100 3 · 100
34. 9 . 466. 2 · 100 · 1 2
↑ =
3 · 100 3
9466 g = 9.466 kg 2 50 50 1 50 · 1
68. 16 % = %= × = =
3 3 3 100 3 · 100
36. 9 . 6.1 50 · 1 1
↑ 3 · 2 · 50
=
6
96.1 mg = 9.61 cg 70. 17.5% · 1850 = 323.75 ≈ 324 students
38. 0.060000. 72. Find the decrease: $350 − $308 = $42
↑ 42
Find the percent decrease: = 0.12 = 12%
0.06 kg = 60,000 mg 350
74. First, use a proportion to determine how many eggs are in
40. 2 t = 2 × 1000 kg = 2000 kg one pound.
42. 0 . 115. eggs → 12 x ← eggs
—— = ——
↑ price → 1.89 1.26 ← price
115 mg = 0.115 g 12 · 1.26 = 1.89 · x
12 · 1.26
1t = x
44. 15.68 kg = 15.68 kg × = 0.01568 t 1.89
1000 kg
8 = x
46. 1 mcg = 0.000001 g = 0.001 g There are 8 eggs in one pound.

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162 Chapter 8: Measurement

Then use a proportion to find the weight of one egg. 28. Convert ounces to gallons:
weight → 16 w ← weight 1✧
pt 1 ✧ qt 1gal
—- = —- 7 oz = 7 ✧oz · · · = 0.0546875 gal
eggs → 8 1 ← eggs 16 ✧
oz 2 ✧pt 4 ✧
qt
16 · 1 = 8 · w Convert gallons to quarts:
16 · 1 0.0546875 gal = 0.0546875 × 4 qt = 0.21875 qt
= w
8 Convert quarts to pints:
2 = w
0.21875 qt = 0.21875 × 2 pt = 0.4375 pt
One egg weighs 2 oz.
Convert pints to cups:
0.4375 pt = 0.4375 × 2 cups = 0.875 cups
Exercise Set 8.5
30. To convert from mL to L, move the decimal point 3 places
RC2. 1 quart = 2 pints; see page 483 in the text. to the left: 3755 mL = 3.755 L.
We know that 1 mL = 1 cc = 1 cm3 , so we have
RC4. 1 cup = 8 fluid ounces; see page 483 in the text. 3755 mL= 3755 cc = 3755 cm3 .
2. 0.001 L = 1 mL = 1 cm3 (See page 485 in the text.) 32. To convert from cm3 to L, move the decimal point 3 places
4. 806 L = 806 × 1000 mL = 806,000 mL to the left: 207 cm3 = 0.207 L.
We know that 1 ML = 1 cc = 1 cm3 , so we have
6. 19 mL = 19 × 0.001 L = 0.019 L 207 cm3 = 207 mL = 207 cc.
8. 0.816 mL = 0.816 × 0.001 L = 0.000816 L 34. To convert from mL to L, move the decimal point 3 places
10. 99.6 L = 99.6 × 1000 cm3 = 99,600 cm3 to the left: 473 mL = 0.473 L.

1 pt We know that 1 mL = 1 cc = 1 cm3 , so we have 473 mL =

12. 9.6 oz = 9.6 ✧·
oz = 0.6 pt 473 cc = 473 cm3 .
16 ✧
oz
2✧
pt 16 oz 36. To convert from liters to milliliters, move the decimal point
14. 1 gal = 4 ✧
qt · · = 128 oz 3 places to the right: 2.5 L = 2500 mL.
1✧
qt 1 ✧
pt
16. 1 gal = 4 qt = 4 × 2 pt = 4 × 2 × 16 oz = 38. To convert from milliliters to liters, move the decimal point
1 cup 3 places to the left: 40 mL = 0.04 L.
4 × 2 × 16 ✧
oz × = 16 cups
8✧oz 40. 0.25 oz × 3 = 0.75 oz
18. 11 gal = 11 × 4 qt = 44 qt
0.75 oz ≈ 0.75 × 29.57 mL = 22.1775 mL
1 gal
20. 84 qt = 84 ✧
qt · = 21 gal mL
· 24 hr = 1440 mL = 1.44 L
4✧qt 42. 60
hr
22. 5 gal = 5 × 4 qt = 20 qt = 20 × 2 pt = 40 pt 44. 0.5 L ≈ 0.5 qt = 0.5 × 32 oz = 16 oz
24. Convert pints to gallons: The 16 oz bottle comes closest to filling the prescription.
1✧
qt 1 gal
8 pt = 8 ✧
pt · · = 1 gal 46. 3 T = 3 × 3 tsp = 9 tsp
2✧
pt 4 ✧ qt
1 tsp
We know that 1 gal = 4 qt from the list of conversions on ✧·
48. 18.5 mL = 18.5 mL = 3.7 tsp
page 483 of the text. ✧
5 mL

50. 8.5 tsp = 8.5 ✦

Convert pints to cups: 1T
tsp ·
3✦
= 2.83 T
8 pt = 8 × 2 cups = 16 cups tsp

Convert cups to ounces: 1✦tsp 1 T

✧· ·
✧ 3✦
52. 18.5 mL = 18.5 mL = 1.23 T
5 mL tsp
16 cups = 16 × 8 oz = 128 oz
54. Move the decimal point 2 places to the right and add a %
26. Convert ounces to gallons:
symbol: 0.999 = 99.9%
1✧pt 1 ✧qt 1gal
12 oz = 12 ✧oz · · · = 0.09375 gal 2 2
16 ✧
oz 2 ✧
pt 4 ✧
qt 56. = 0.666 = 66.6%, or 66 %
Convert gallons to quarts: 3 3
0.09375 gal = 0.09375 × 4 qt = 0.375 qt 21 21 5 105
58. = · = = 105%
20 20 5 100
Convert quarts to pints:
2 2 4 8
0.375 qt = 0.375 × 2 pt = 0.75 pt 60. = · = = 8%
25 25 4 100
Convert pints to cups:
0.75 pt = 0.75 × 2 cups = 1.5 cups

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Exercise Set 8.6 163

62. Amount of decrease, in billions: 148 − 19 = 129 28. F = 1.8 · 93 + 32 = 167.4 + 32 = 199.4
Let p = the percent decrease. 93◦ C = 199.4◦ F
Solve: 129 = p · 148 30. F = 1.8 · 35 + 32 = 63 + 32 = 95
p ≈ 0.872 ≈ 87.2% 35◦ C = 95◦ F
64. We will express the weight in ounces, so we first convert 9
100 lb to ounces: 32. F = · 78 + 32 = 140.4 + 32 = 172.4
5
100 lb = 100 × 1 lb = 100 × 16 oz = 1600 oz 78 C = 172.4◦ F
◦

We divide to find the number of ounces of honey produced 9

34. F = · 15 + 32 = 27 + 32 = 59
by each honey bee: 1600 ÷ 60, 000 = 0.026. Since each 5
1 1 15 C = 59◦ F
◦
bee produces tsp of honey, we know that tsp of honey
8 8 9
weighs 0.026 oz. Now multiply to find the weight a tsp of 36. F = · 1000 + 32 = 1800 + 32 = 1832
honey: 0.026 oz · 8 = 0.213 oz. 5
1000 C = 1832◦ F
◦
A teaspoon of honey weighs 0.213 oz.
5 5
38. C = · (59 − 32) = · 27 = 15
9 9
Exercise Set 8.6 59◦ F = 15◦ C
5 5
RC2. 200◦ F is higher than 80◦ C; see the temperature scales 40. C = · (140 − 32) = · 108 = 60
9 9
on page 490 in the text. 140◦ F = 60◦ C
RC4. 0◦ C is higher than 0◦ F; see the temperature scales on 195 − 32 163
42. C = = = 90.5
page 490 in the text. 1.8 1.8
◦ ◦
195 F = 90.5 C
2. 1 hr = 60 min (See page 489 in the text.)
107 − 32 75
44. C = = = 41.6
4. 1 wk = 7 days (See page 489 in the text.) 1.8 1.8
1 1 107◦ F = 41.6 C
6. 2 yr = 2 × 365 days = 730 days
4 2 50 − 32 18
46. C = = = 10
8. 60 sec = 60 ✦
sec ·
✦ · 1 hr = 1 hr, or
1 min
◦
1.8
◦
1.8
60 ✦ ✦ 60
sec 60 min 50 F = 10 C
0.016 min 120 − 32 88
48. C = = = 48.8
10. 18, 000 sec = 18, 000 ✦
sec ·
✦ · 1 hr = 5 hr
1 min 1.8 1.8
60 ✦ ✦
sec 60 min 120◦ F = 48.8◦ C
5 5
12. 444 hr = 444 ✧
hr ·
1 day
= 18.5 days 50. C = · (104 − 32) = · 72 = 40
24 ✧
hr 9 9
104◦ F = 40◦ C
✦·
14. 375 min = 375 min
1 hr
✦ = 6.25 hr
60 min 117 − 32
52. C= = 47.2
16. 4 hr = 4 × 60 min = 4 × 60 × 60 sec = 14, 400 sec 1.8
◦ ◦
117 F = 47.2 C
18. 166,320 min
54. a) 1500 ÷ 500 = 3
✦· 1✧hr ✦ · 1 wk
1 day
= 166, 320 min
✦ · 24 ✧
60 min ✏
hr 7 days 212◦ F −3 · 1◦ F = 209◦ F
= 16.5 wk b) Tucson: 2564 ÷ 500 ≈ 5
212◦ F − 5 · 1◦ F = 207◦ F
✏
20. 623 days = 623 days ·
1 wk
✏
7 days
= 89 wk
Phoenix: 1117 ÷ 500 ≈ 2

22. 86, 400 sec = 86, 400 ✦

sec ·
✦ · 1 hr = 24 hr
1 min 212◦ F − 2 · 1◦ F = 210◦ F
60 ✦ ✦
sec 60 min c) Difference in elevation: 5280 − 2564 = 2716
Since 24 hr = 1 day, 86,400 sec = 1 day.
2716 ÷ 500 ≈ 5, so the boiling point in Denver is
9 about 5 · 1◦ F, or 5◦ F, lower than the boiling point
24. F = · 85 + 32 = 153 + 32 = 185
5 in Tucson. Answers may vary due to rounding dif-
85◦ C = 185◦ F ferences.
9 d) 20, 320 ÷ 500 ≈ 41
26. F = · 90 + 32 = 162 + 32 = 194
5 212◦ F − 41 · 1◦ F = 171◦ F
90◦ C = 194◦ F

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
164 Chapter 8: Measurement

56. 8.03 × 0.001 = 0.00803 14. 1 mi2 = 640 acres = 640 × 43, 560 ft2 =
13 1 yd2
58. y = · 130 = 338 ✧2 ×
640 × 43, 560 ft = 3, 097, 600 yd2
5 ✧2
9 ft

2
3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 yd2
60. 1+ + + = 1+ + + ✧2 ·
16. 27 ft2 = 27 ft = 3 yd2
2 2 2 2 4 8 ✧2
9 ft
3 1 1
= + + 1 ft2
2 4 8 ✧2 ×
18. 72 in2 = 72 in = 0.5 ft2
✧2
144 in
7 1
= + 20. 4 acres = 4 × 43,560 ft2 = 174,240 ft2
4 8
15 7 1 ft2
= , or 1 ✧2 ×
22. 1080 in2 = 1080 in = 7.5 ft2
8 8 ✧2

 144 in
2 1 1 1 2 1 7
62. − + = − · ✧2 144 in2
3 2 4 3 3 2 12 ✦2 ×
24. 18 yd2 = 18 yd
9 ft
2× = 23, 328 in2
2 7 ✧
1 yd ✧2
1 ft
= −
3 24 26. Move 2 · 3, or 6 places to the right.
9 3 65.000000.
= =
24 8 ↑
64. 1, 000, 000, 000 sec 65 km2 = 65,000,000 m2

= 1, 000, 000, 000 sec ×

1 min
×
1 hr
× 28. Move 2 · 3, or 6 places to the right.
60 sec 60 min 0.028000.
1 day 1 yr ↑
×
24 hr 365 14 days
0.028 m2 = 28,000 mm2
≈ 32 yr Rounded to the nearest one
One billion seconds is approximately 32 years. 30. Move 2 · 1, or 2 places to the right.

ft ✧ft 1 mi 60 ✦ ✦ = 60 mi
sec 60 min 8.38.
· · · ↑
66. 88
sec
= 88
✦sec 5280 ✧ ✦ 1 hr
ft 1 min hr
8.38 cm2 = 838 mm2
Exercise Set 8.7 32. Move 2 · 3, or 6 places to the left.
0 . 000125.
43,560 ft2 ↑
RC2. 1 mi2 = 640 acres = 640 acres × =
1 acre 125 mm2 = 0.000125 m2
2
27, 878, 400 ft , so the statement 1 mi2 = 640 ft2 is
false. 34. Move 2 · 1, or 2 places to the left.

144 in 2 24 . 00.
RC4. 1 yd2 = 9 ft2 = 9 ft2 × = 1296 in2 , so the ↑
1 ft2
statement 36 in2 = 1 yd2 is false. 2400 mm2 = 24 cm2
RC6. The statement 1 ft2 = 144 in2 is true. See page 495 in 36. Move 2 · 1, or 2 places to the right.
the text.
1.37.
2. 1 yd2 = 9 ft2 (See page 495 in the text.) ↑
1.37 cm2 = 137 mm2
4. 1 acre = 43,560 ft2 (See page 495 in the text.)
38. I = (5.3% × $2000) × 2 = $212
1 yd2 1
✧2 ×
6. 1 ft2 = 1 ft = yd2 90
✧2
9 ft 9 40. a) I = $8500 × 10% × ≈ $209.59
365
8. 40 ft2 = 40 × 144 in2 = 5760 in2
b) $8500 + $209.59 = $8709.59
1 yd2
✧2 ×
10. 144 ft2 = 144 ft = 16 yd2 42. a) I = $4200 × 11% ×
30
≈ $37.97
✧2
9 ft 365
1 ft2 b) $4200 + $37.97 = $4237.97
✧2 ×
12. 576 in2 = 576 in = 4 ft2
✧2
144 in 44. 1 in2 = 1 × 1 in. × 1 in. ≈ 1 × 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm =
6.4516 cm2

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 8 Summary and Review: Study Guide 165

1m 4. 4.6 cm = km
46. 1 acre = 43, 560 ft2 ≈ 43, 560 × 1 ✧
ft × 1 ✧
ft × ×
3.281 ✧
ft
1m Think: To go from cm to km in the table is a move of
≈ 4046 m2 5 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 5
3.281 ✧
ft
Answers may vary vary slightly depending on how the con- places to the left.
version was done. 4.6 cm = 0.000046 km
48. 1 ft ≈ 0.305 m, so 1 ft ≈ (0.305 m) ≈ 0.093025 m
2 2 2
5. 10 m = 10 × 1 m
0.093025 m2 ≈ 10 × 1.094 yd
6, 953, 000 ft2 ≈ 6, 953, 000 ✧
ft2× ≈
1✧ft2 = 10.94 yd
646,800 m2
1T
Answers will vary depending on the conversion factor used. 6. 10, 280 lb = 10, 280 lb ×
2000 lb
10, 280 lb
= ×1 T
Chapter 8 Concept Reinforcement 2000 lb
10, 280 lb
= × ×1 T
2000 lb
1. Since a meter is just over a yard, or 3 feet, the given state- = 5.14 T
ment is true.
7. 9.78 mg = g
2. When converting from grams to milligrams, move the dec-
imal point three places to the right. The given statement Think: To go from mg to g in the table is a move of 3 places
is false. to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 places to
the left.
3. To convert mm to cm, we move the decimal point 1 place 9.78 mg = 0.00978 g
to the left. Then it follows that, to convert mm2 to cm2 ,
we move the decimal point 2·1, or 2 places to the left. The 8. 16 qt = 16 × 1 qt
given statement is true. = 16 × 2 pt
4. The statement is false. See Example 2 on page 495 in the = 16 × 2 × 1 pt
text. = 16 × 2 × 2 cups
◦ ◦ = 64 cups
5. 40 C = 104 F, so the given statement is false.
6. 10◦ C = 50◦ F and water does not freeze for temperatures 9. 42,670 mL = L
above 32◦ F, so the given statement is false. Think: To go from mL to L in the table is a move of 3
places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 3
places to the left.
Chapter 8 Study Guide
42,670 mL = 42.67 L

1 yd 1 min 1 hr
1. 7 ft = 7 ft × 10. 3600 sec = 3600 sec × ×
3 ft 60 sec 60 min
7
ft 3600 × 1 × 1 sec min
= × 1 yd = × × × 1 hr
3
ft 60 × 60 sec min
7 ft = 1 hr
= × × 1 yd
3 ft 11. F = 1.8C + 32 = 1.8 · 68 + 32
7 1
= yd, or 2 yd, or 2.3 yd = 122.4 + 32
3 3
= 154.4
1 1
2. 2 mi = 2 × 1 mi Thus, 68◦ C = 154.4◦ F.
2 2
5 5 5
= × 5280 ft 12. C= (F − 32) = (104 − 32)
2 9 9
5 × 5280 5
= ft = (72)
2 9
= 13, 200 ft = 40
3. 12 hm = m Thus, 104◦ F = 40◦ C.
Think: To go from hm to m in the table is a move of 2
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
places to the right.
12 hm = 1200 m

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
166 Chapter 8: Measurement

1 yd2 1 ft
13. 81 ft2 = 81 ft2 × 7. 14 in. = 14 ✧
in.×
9 ft2 12 ✧in.
81 ft2 14
= × 1 yd2 × 1 ft
=
9 ft2 12
81 ft2 7 1
= × 2 × 1 yd2 = ft, or 1 ft
9 ft 6 6
= 9 yd2 8. 15 cm = m
Think: To go from cm to m in the table is a move of
14. 52.4 cm2 = mm2
2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
Think: To go from cm to mm in the table is a move of 1 places to the left.
place to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 2 · 1,
15 0 . 15.
or 2 places to the right to convert cm2 to mm2 .
↑
52.4 cm2 = 5240 mm2
15 cm = 0.15 m

Chapter 8 Review Exercises 9. 200 m = 200 × 1 m

≈ 200 × 1.094 yd
1 yd = 218.8 yd
1. 8 ft = 8✧ft ×
3✧ft
8
10. 20 mi = 20 × 1 mi
= × 1 yd ≈ 20 × 1.609 km
3
2 = 32.18 km
= 2 yd
3
11. 1 cm = mm
5 5
2. yd = × 1 yd Think: To go from cm to mm in the table is a move of
6 6
5 1 place to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 1
= × 36 in. place to the right.
6
5 × 36 1 cm = 10 mm
= × 1 in.
6 1 cm = m
= 30 in.
Think: To move from cm to m in the table is a move of
3. 0.3 mm = cm 2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point
Think: To go from mm to cm in the table is a move of 1 2 places to the left.
place to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 1 place 1 cm = 0.01 m
to the left.
0.3 0 . 0.3 12. 305 m = mm
↑ Think: To go from m to mm in the table is a move of
0.3 mm = 0.03 cm 3 places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point
3 places to the right.
4. 4 m = km
305 m = 305,000 mm
Think: To go from m to km in the table is a move of
3 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 305 m = cm
places to the left. Think: to move from m to cm in the table is a move of
4 0 . 004. 2 places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point
↑ 2 places to the right.
4 m = 0.004 km 305 m = 30,500 cm
5. 2 yd = 2 × 1 yd 13. 7 lb = 7 × 1 lb
= 2 × 36 in. = 7 × 16 oz
= 72 in. = 112 oz
6. 4 km = cm 14. Complete: 4 g = kg
Think: To go from km to cm in the table is a move of 5 Think: To go from g to kg in the table is a move of 3 places
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 5 to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 places to
places to the right. the left.
4 4.00000. 4 0 . 004.
↑ ↑
4 km = 400,000 cm 4 g = 0.004 kg

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Chapter 8 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 167

15. ✦×
16 min = 16 min
1 hr
✦
0.0003 0.00030.
60 min ↑
16
= × 1 hr 0.0003 kg = 30 cg
60
=
4
hr, or 0.26 hr 25. 0.7 mL = 0.7 × 1 mL
15 = 0.7 × 0.001 L
16. 464 mL = 464 × 1 mL = 0.0007 L
= 464 × 0.001 L
26. 60 mL = 60 × 1 mL
= 0.464 L
= 60 × 0.001 L
17. 3 min = 3 × 1 min = 0.06 L
= 3 × 60 sec
27. 0.8 T = 0.8 × 1 T
= 180 sec
= 0.8 × 2000 lb
18. Complete: 4.7 kg = g = 1600 lb
Think: To go from kg to g in the table is a move of 3 places
to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 places to 28. 0.4 L = 0.4 × 1 L
the right. = 0.4 × 1000 mL
4.7 4.700. = 400 mL
↑
1 lb
4.7 kg = 4700 g 29. 20 oz = 20 ✧
oz ×
16 ✧oz
20
19. 8.07 T = 8.07 × 1 T = × 1 lb
16
= 8.07 × 2000 lb 5
= 16, 140 lb = lb, or 1.25 lb
4
0.83 L = 0.83 × 1 L
20.
30.
5
6
5
min = min
6
✦ × 60 sec
✦
1 min
= 0.83 × 1000 mL
5 × 60
= 830 mL = × 1 sec
6
1 day = 50 sec
21. 6 hr = 6 ✧
hr ×
24 ✧
hr 31. 20 gal = 20 × 1 gal
6
= × 1 day = 20 × 4 qt
24
1 = 20 × 4 × 1 qt
= day, or 0.25 day
4 = 20 × 4 × 2 pt
22. 4 cg = g = 160 pt
Think: To go from cg to g in the table is a move of 2 places
1✧
pt 1✧
qt 1 gal
to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2 places to 32. 960 oz = 960 ✧
oz × × ×
16 ✧
oz 2 ✧
pt 4✧
qt
the left.
960
4 0 . 04. = × 1 gal
16 × 2 × 4
↑
= 7.5 gal
4 cg = 0.04 g
1 gal
23. 0.2 g = mg 33. 54 qt = 54 ✧
qt ×
4✧qt
Think: To go from g to mg in the table is a move of 3 54
= × 1 gal
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 4
places to the right. = 13.5 gal
0.2 0.200. 34. 2.5 day = 2.5 × 1 day
↑
= 2.5 × 24 hr
0.2 g = 200 mg
= 60 hr
24. Complete: 0.0003 kg = cg
35. Complete: 3020 cg = kg
Think: To go from kg to cg in the table is a move of 5
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 5 Think: To go from cg to kg in the table is a move of 5
places to the right. places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 5
places to the left.

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
168 Chapter 8: Measurement

3020 0 . 03020. 44. 4 yd2 = 4 × 1 yd2

↑
= 4 × 9 ft2
3020 cg = 0.0302 kg
= 36 ft2
1T
36. 10, 500 lb = 10, 500 ✧
lb ×
2000 ✧
lb 45. 0.3 km2 = m2
10, 500
= ×1 T Think: To go from km to m in the diagram is a move of 3
2000 places to the right. So we move the decimal point 2 · 3, or
= 5.25 T 6 places to the right.
37. We use a proportion. Let a = the number of mL of amox- 0.3 0.300000.
icillin to be administered. ↑
125 5
= 0.3 km2 = 300,000 m2
150 a
125 · a = 150 · 5
1 ft2
150 · 5 46. 2070 in2 = 2070 ✦
in2 ×
a= 144 ✦
in2
125 2070
25 · 6 · 5 25 · 5 6 = × 1 ft2
a= = · 144
25 · 5 · 1 25 · 5 1 = 14.375 ft2
a=6
The parent should administer 6 mL of amoxicillin. 47. 600 cm2 = m2

38. 3 L = 3×1 L Think: To go from cm to m in the diagram is a move of 2

places to the left. So we move the decimal point 2 · 2, or 4
= 3 × 1000 mL places to the left.
= 3000 mL 600 0 . 0600.
39. 0.25 mg = 0.00025 g ↑
= 0.00025 × 1 g 600 cm2 = 0.06 m2
= 0.00025 × 1, 000, 000 mcg
48. 172.6 cm = hm
= 250 mcg
Think: To go from cm to hm in the table is a move of
40. F = 1.8 · C + 32 4 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 4
F = 1.8 · 27 + 32 places to the left.
= 48.6 + 32 172.6 cm = 0.01726 hm
= 80.6 Answer C is correct.
Thus, 27◦ C = 80.6◦ F. 49. 0.16 gal = 0.16 × 1 gal
41. F = 1.8 · C + 32 = 0.16 × 4 qt = 0.16 × 4 × 1 qt
F = 1.8 · 45 + 32 = 0.16 × 4 × 2 pt = 0.16 × 4 × 2 × 1 pt
= 81 + 32 = 0.16 × 4 × 2 × 2 cups = 2.56 cups
= 113 Answer B is correct.
Thus, 45◦ C = 113◦ F. 200 m
50. Bolt’s speed was or approximately
5 19.30 sec
42. C = · (F − 32) 10.3627 m/sec.
9
5 We convert 200 yd to meters:
C = · (68 − 32)
9 200 yd = 200 × 1 yd
5 ≈ 200 × 0.914 m
= · 36
9
= 182.8 m
= 20
Thus, 68◦ F = 20◦ C. At a rate of 10.3627 m/sec, Bolt would run 200 yd, or
182.8 m
5 182.8 m, in a time of , or about 17.64 sec.
43. C = · (F − 32) 10.3627 m/sec
9
5 51. 1 gal = 128 oz, so 1 oz of water (as capacity) weighs
C = · (95 − 32) 8.3453
9 lb, or about 0.0652 lb. An ounce of pennies weighs
5 128
= · 63 1
9 lb, or 0.0625 lb. Thus an ounce of water (as capacity)
16
= 35 weighs more than an ounce of pennies.
Thus, 95◦ F = 35◦ C.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Chapter 8 Test 169

4. 8.7 mm = cm
Chapter 8 Discussion and Writing Exercises Think: To go from mm to cm in the table is a move of 1
place to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 1 place
to the left.
1. Grams are more easily converted to other units of mass
than ounces. Since 1 gram is much smaller than 1 ounce, 8.7 0 . 8.7
masses that might be expressed using fractional or decimal ↑
parts of ounces can often be expressed by whole numbers 8.7 mm = 0.87 cm
when grams are used.
5. 200 yd = 200 × 1 yd
2. A single container is all that is required for both types of
≈ 200 × 0.914 m
measure.
= 182.8 m
3. Consider the conversion table on page 496 in the text.
Moving one place in the table corresponds to moving the 6. 2400 km = 2400 × 1 km
decimal point one place. To convert units of length, we ≈ 2400 × 0.621 mi
determine the corresponding number of moves in the di- = 1490.4 mi
agram and then move the decimal point that number of
places. Since area involves square units we multiply the 7. 0.5 cm = mm
number of moves by 2 and move the decimal point that Think: To go from cm to mm in the table is a move of
number of places when converting units of area. 1 place to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 1
4. Since metric units are based on 10, they are more easily place to the right.
converted than American units. 0.5 cm = 5 mm
5. a) 23◦ C = 73.4◦ F, so you would want to play golf. 0.5 cm = m
b) 10◦ C = 50◦ F, so you would not want to take a bath. Think: To go from cm to m in the table is a move of
2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
c) Since 0◦ C = 32◦ F, the freezing point of water, then places to the left.
the lake would certainly be frozen at the lower tem-
peratures of −10◦ C and it would be safe to go ice 0.5 cm = 0.005 m
skating. 8. 1.8542 m = mm
6. 1 m ≈ 3.281 ft, so 1 square meter ≈ 3.281 ft × 3.281 ft = Think: To go from m to mm in the table is a move of
10.764961 square feet. Thus, one square meter is larger 3 places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point
than 1 square foot. 3 places to the right.
1.8542 m = 1854.2 mm
Chapter 8 Test 1.8542 m = cm
Think: To go from m to cm in the table is a move of 2
1. 4 ft = 4 × 1 ft places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
places to the right.
= 4 × 12 in.
1.8542 m = 185.42 cm
= 48 in.
1 ft
9. 3080 mL = 3080 × 1 mL
2. 4 in. = 4 in. × = 3080 × 0.001 L
12 in.
4 in. = 3.08 L
= × 1 ft
12 in.
10. 0.24 L = 0.24 × 1 L
4 in.
= × × 1 ft = 0.24 × 1000 mL
12 in.
1 = 240 mL
= × 1 ft
3
11. 4 lb = 4 × 1 lb
1
= ft = 4 × 16 oz
3
3. a) 6 km = m = 64 oz
Think: To go from km to m in the table is a move of 3 12. 4.11 T = 4.11 × 1 T
places to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 = 4.11 × 2000 lb
places to the right.
= 8220 lb
6 6.000.
↑
6 km = 6000 m

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
170 Chapter 8: Measurement

13. 3.8 kg = g 23. F = 1.8 · C + 32

Think: To go from kg to g in the table is a move of 3 places F = 1.8 · 59 + 32
to the right. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 places to = 106.2 + 32
the right.
= 138.2
3.8 kg = 3800 g
Thus, 59◦ C = 138.2◦ F.
14. Complete: 4.325 mg = cg
24. The table on page 469 of the text shows that 1 m ≈
Think: To go from mg to cg in the table is a move of 1 1.094 yd.
place to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 1 place
To convert m to cm we move the decimal point 2 places to
to the left.
the right.
4.325 mg = 0.4325 cg
1 m = 100 cm
15. 2200 mg = g The table on page 481 of the text shows that
Think: To go from mg to g in the table is a move of 3 places 1 m ≈ 39.370 in.
to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 3 places to
To convert m to mm we move the decimal point 3 places
the left.
to the right.
2200 mg = 2.2 g
1 m = 1000 mm
16. 5 hr = 5 × 1 hr
25. 398 yd = 398 × 1 yd ≈ 398 × 0.914 m
= 5 × 60 min
= 363.772 m
= 300 min
= 36, 377.2 cm Moving the decimal point
17. 15 days = 15 × 1 day 2 places to the right
= 15 × 24 hr 398 yd = 398 × 1 yd
= 360 hr = 398 × 36 in.
1 qt = 14, 328 in.
18. 64 pt = 64 ✧
pt ×
2✧pt From the first conversion above, we see that 398 yd =
64 363.772 m.
= × 1 qt
2 398 yd = 363.772 m
= 32 qt = 363, 772 mm Moving the decimal point
3 places to the right
19. 10 gal = 10 × 1 gal = 10 × 4 qt
= 10 × 4 × 1 qt = 10 × 4 × 2 pt 26. To convert from L to mL, move the decimal point 3 places
= 10 × 4 × 2 × 1 pt = 10 × 4 × 2 × 16 oz to the right.

= 1280 oz 2.5 L = 2500 mL

20. 5 cups = 5 × 1 cup 27. We multiply to find how many milligrams of the drug will
be ingested each day:
= 5 × 8 oz
0.5 · 3 = 1.5 mg
= 40 oz
Now convert 1.5 mg to micrograms.
21. 0.37 mg = 0.00037 g 1.5 mg = 0.0015 g
= 0.00037 × 1 g = 0.0015 × 1 g
= 0.00037 × 1, 000, 000 mcg = 0.0015 × 1, 000, 000 mcg
= 370 mcg = 1500 mcg
F − 32 28. 4 oz = 4 × 1 oz
22. C =
1.8
≈ 4 × 29.57 mL
95 − 32
C = = 118.28 mL
1.8
63 29. 12 ft = 12 × 1 ft2
2
=
1.8
= 12 × 144 in2
= 35
Thus, 95◦ F = 35◦ C. = 1728 in2

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Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 8 171

30. 3 cm2 = m2 4. Familiarize. First we find the amount of increase.

Think: To go from cm to m in the diagram is a move of 2 5 9, 6 00
places to the left. So we move the decimal point 2 · 2, or 4 − 4 1, 9 00
places to the left. 1 7, 7 00
3 cm2 = 0.0003 m2 Translate. We translate to a percent equation.
17, 700 is what percent of 41, 900?
31. F = 1.8 · C + 32   
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
= 1.8(45.5) + 32
17, 700 = p × 41, 900
= 81.9 + 32
Solve.
= 113.9 17, 700 = p × 41, 900
Thus, 45.5◦ C = 113.9◦ F. Answer D is correct. 17, 700 p × 41, 900
=
400 m 41, 900 41, 900
32. Johnson’s speed was , or approximately 0.422 ≈ p
43.18 sec
9.2635 m/sec. 42.2% ≈ p
We convert 400 yd to meters: Check. With a 42.2% increase, the number of employed
400 yd = 400 × 1 yd glaziers in 2020 would be 100% + 42.2%, or 142.2%, of the
≈ 400 × 0.914 m number in 2010.
= 365.6 m 142.2% × 41, 900 = 1.422 × 41, 900 = 59, 581.8 ≈ 59, 000
At a rate of 9.2635 m/sec, Johnson would run 400 yd, or The answer checks.
365.6 m State. The percent increase is about 42.2%.
365.6 m, in a time of , or about 39.47 sec.
9.2635 m/sec
5. 4 6 ,2 3 1
× 1 1 0 0
4 6 23 1 0 0
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 8
46 2 31 0 0 0
5 0 , 8 5 4 ,1 0 0
1. 40.4 million = 40.4 × 1 million
1 5 1·5 1·5 5 1 1
= 40.4 × 1, 000, 000 6. · = = = · =
10 6 10 · 6 2·5·6 5 2·6 12
= 40, 400, 000 4
7. 14.5 + − 0.1 = 14.5 + 0.8 − 0.1
5
54.8 million = 54.8 × 1 million = 15.3 − 0.1
= 54.8 × 1, 000, 000 = 15.2
= 54, 800, 000
3 9 13 39 13 10 13 · 10 13 · 2 · 5
8. 2 ÷3 = ÷ = · = = =
561 mi 5 10 5 10 5 39 5 · 39 5 · 3 · 13
2. = 33 mi/gal, or 33 mpg
17 gal 13 · 5 2 2
· =
13 · 5 3 3
3. Familiarize. Let b = the number of bushels by which corn
production in Iowa exceeded corn production in Indiana, 9. 0.1 3.5 6
in billions. Note that 839 million = 0.839 billion. The divisor, 0.1, has 1 decimal place. To divide, we move
Translate. the decimal point in the dividend 1 place to the right. The
Indiana’s Excess Iowa Iowa’s quotient is 35.6.
plus is
production production production
         1 3 3 9
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 10. 3 · = 3 = 2
2 3 6 6
0.839 + b = 2.4
2 2 4 4
Solve. We subtract 0.839 on both sides of the equation. −2 · = −2 = −2
3 2 6 6
0.839 + b = 2.4
5
b = 2.4 − 0.839
6
b = 1.561
11. 1,298,032 is divisible by 8 because the number named by
Check. Since 0.839 + 1.561 = 2.4, the answer checks. its last three digits, 32, is divisible by 8.
State. Corn production in Iowa exceeded corn production
in Indiana by 1.561 billion bushels. 12. The sum of the digits, 5 + 0 + 2 + 4 + 1 + 2 + 0, or 14, is
not divisible by 3, so 5,024,120 is not divisible by 3.

Copyright 
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
172 Chapter 8: Measurement

13. 11 25. 17 cm = m
3 33 Think: To go from cm to m in the table is a move of
3 99 2 places to the left. Thus, we move the decimal point 2
99 = 3 · 3 · 11 places to the left.
14. 35 = 5 · 7 17 m = 0.17 m
49 = 7 · 7 26. 2200 mi = 2200 × 1 mi
We use each factor the greatest number of times it occurs ≈ 2200 × 1.609 km
in either factorization. = 3539.8 km
The LCM is 5 · 7 · 7, or 245.
27. 2000 mL = 2000 × 1 mL
15. 35.7 = 35.777 . . . = 2000 × 0.001 L
The digit in the tenths place is 7. The next digit to the =2L
right, 7, is 5 or higher so we round up. We get 35.8.
28. 0.23 mg = 0.23 × 1 mg
16. One hundred three and sixty-four thousandths = 0.23 × 0.001 g
17. Find the average: = 0.23 × 0.001 × 1 g
29 + 21 + 9 + 13 + 17 + 18 107 = 0.23 × 0.001 × 1, 000, 000 mcg
= = 17.83
6 6 = 230 mcg
To find the median we first arrange the numbers from
smallest to largest. 29. 12 yd2 = 12 × 1 yd2
9, 13, 17, 18, 21, 29 = 12 × 9 ft2
The median is the average of the two middle numbers. = 108 ft2
17 + 18 35 30. 0.07 · x = 10.535
= = 17.5
2 2 0.07 · x 10.535
18. Move the decimal point two places to the right and write =
0.07 0.07
a % symbol. x = 150.5
0.08 = 8% The solution is 150.5.
3 3 20 60
19. = · = = 60% 31. x + 12, 843 = 32, 091
5 5 20 100
x + 12, 843 − 12, 843 = 32, 091 − 12, 843
20. 2 yd = 2 × 1 yd
x = 19, 248
= 2 × 3 ft
The solution is 19,248.
= 6 ft
2
1 lb 32. ·y = 5
21. 6 oz = 6 oz × 3
16 oz
3 ·y
2
5
6 oz = 2
= × × 1 lb 2
3 3
16 oz
3 3
= lb, or 0.375 lb y = 5·
8 2
15
22. F = 1.8◦ C + 32 = 1.8 · 15 + 32 y=
2
= 27 + 32 = 59 15
The solution is .
Thus, 15◦ C = 59◦ F. 2
4 6
23. 0.087 L = 0.087 × 1 L 33. +y =
5 7
= 0.087 × 1000 mL 4 4 6 4
= 87 mL +y− = −
5 5 7 5
6 5 4 7
24. 9 sec = 9 sec ×
1 min y= · − ·
60 sec 7 5 5 7
30 28
=
9
×
sec
× 1 min y= −
60 sec 35 35
3 2
= min, or 0.15 min y=
20 35
2
The solution is .
35

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 8 173

34. Familiarize. Let h = the number of hours the mechanic Next, we divide the number of miles driven by the number
worked on the car. of gallons to find the gas mileage.
Translate. We add the number of hours spent on each 255.8
m= = 15.9875
task to find the total time. 16
1 1 1 1 1 Check. First multiply the mileage by the number of gal-
h= + + + + lons.
3 2 10 4 15
Solve. We carry out the addition. The LCD is 60. 16 × 15.9875 = 255.8
1 1 1 1 1 Now add 255.8 to the first odometer reading.
+ + + +
3 2 10 4 15
1 20 1 30 1 6 1 15 1 4 86, 897.2 + 255.8 = 87, 153.0
= · + · + · + · + · We get the second odometer reading, so the answer checks.
3 20 2 30 10 6 4 15 15 4
20 30 6 15 4 State. 255.8 mi had been driven. The gas mileage was
= + + + +
60 60 60 60 60 15.9875 mpg.
75 5 · 15 5 15
= = = · 37. Commission = Commission rate × Sales
60 4 · 15 4 15
5 1 1
= , or 1 C = 7 % × 215, 000
4 4 2
5 1 C = 0.075 × 215, 000
Thus, h = , or 1 .
4 4 C = 16, 125
Check. We repeat the calculation. The answer checks. The commission is $16,125.
State. The mechanic spent
5 1
hr, or 1 hr, working on
n·t
4 4 r
38. A = P · 1 +
the car. n

2·3
35. Familiarize. Let m = total milk production per year in 6%
= $2000 · 1 +
America, in pounds. We express 9.15 million as 9,150,000. 2

6
Translate. 0.06
= $2000 · 1 +
Average production Number Total 2
times is
per cow of cows production = $2000 · (1 + 0.03)6
        
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ = $2000(1.03)6
19, 950 · 9, 150, 000 = m ≈ $2388.10
Solve. We carry out the multiplication. 39. Familiarize. Let p = the number of pounds that will be
19, 950 · 9, 150, 000 = m lost in 5 weeks.
182, 542, 500, 000 = m Translate. We translate to a proportion.
Check. We can estimate the answer. Pounds → 3 12 p ← Pounds
=
19, 950·9, 150, 000 ≈ 20, 000·9, 000, 000 = 180, 000, 000, 000 Weeks → 2 5 ← Weeks
The estimate is close to our answer, so the answer seems Solve.
reasonable. 1
3 · 5 = 2 · p Equating cross products
State. 182,542,500,000 lb of milk are produced per year n 2
America. 7
·5 = 2·p
2
36. Familiarize. First we will find the number of miles m 35
that have been driven. Then we will find the gas mileage = 2·p
2
g. 35
2 2·p
Translate and Solve. =
2 2
First Number Second 35 1
odometer plus of miles is odometer · =p
2 2
reading driven reading 35
         = p, or
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 4
86, 897.2 + m = 87, 153.0 3
8 =p
To solve the equation we subtract 86,897.2 on both sides. 4
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
86, 897.2 + m − 86, 897.2 = 87, 153.0 − 86, 897.2 products.
m = 255.8 1 3
3 8
2 = 4
2 5

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
174 Chapter 8: Measurement

1 7 35 3 35 35 Check. If we have 60 4-oz dips, then we have 60 · 4, or

3 ·5= ·5= ; 2·8 =2· =
2 2 2 4 4 2 240 oz, of ice cream. This is the amount of ice cream in a
The cross products are the same, so the answer checks. tub, so the answer checks.
3 State. There are 60 dips in a tub of ice cream.
State. At the given rate, 8 lb would be lost in 5 weeks.
4
40. Familiarize. Let f = the amount the family spends for 44. Familiarize. First we will find the number n of pounds
food. of ice cream that was sold.

Translate. Translate and Solve. We can subtract to find n.

5 8 5 3
1
of income is amount spent for food n = 15 − 8 = 14 − 8 = 6
4    8 8 8 8
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 3
Now we convert 6 lb to ounces.
1 8
· 52, 800 = f 3 3
4 6 lb = 6 × 1 lb
Solve. We carry out the multiplication. 8 8
1 52, 800 4 · 13, 200 4 13, 200 51
× 16 oz
· 52, 800 = = = · = 13, 200 =
4 4 4·1 4 1 8
Thus, 13, 200 = f . 51 × 16
= oz
8
Check. We can repeat the calculation. The answer
checks. = 102 oz
Finally, we divide to find the number d of 4-oz dips in
State. $13,200 is spent for food.
102 oz.
41. Familiarize. Let p = the percent of the seeds that sprout. 1
d = 102 ÷ 4 = 25
Translate. We translate to a percent equation. 2
Check. We can repeat the calculations. The answer
417 is what percent of 500?
   checks.
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 1
State. Since the result is 25 dips, we say that 25 or 26
417 = p · 500 2
dips were served.
Solve. We divide by 500 on both sides.
417 = p · 500 45. Familiarize. Let s = the amount taken in from the sale of
417 p · 500 a tub of ice cream that is used to make 1-dip cones. From
= Exercise 43 we know that there are 60 dips in a tub.
500 500
0.834 = p Translate.
83.4% = p Price Number Total
times is
per dip of dips sales
Check. 83.4% of 500 ≈ 0.8 · 500 = 400 ≈ 417. Since 400         
is close to 417, the answer seems reasonable. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
2.99 · 60 = s
State. Since more than 80% of the seeds sprouted, the
seeds pass government standards. Solve. We carry out the multiplication.
2. 9 9
42. 15 lb = 15 × 1 lb × 60
= 15 × 16 oz 1 7 9. 4 0
= 240 oz Thus, s = 179.40.
43. Familiarize. Let d = the number of dips in a tub of ice Check. 2.99 × 60 ≈ 3 × 60 = 180 ≈ 179.40. The answer
cream. From Exercise 42 we know that a tub contains seems reasonable.
240 oz of ice cream. State. $179.40 is taken in from the sale of a tub of ice
Translate. cream that is used to make 1-dip cones.
Ounces in Number of Ounces 46. Familiarize. Let s = the amount taken in from the sale of
times is
a dip dips in tub in tub a tub of ice cream that is used to make 2-dip cones. From
        
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Exercise 43 we know that there are 60 dips in a tub. Then
4 · d = 240 60 ÷ 2, or 30, 2-dip cones can be made from a tub of ice
cream.
Solve.
4 · d = 240 Translate.
4·d 240 Price Number Total
times is
= per dip of dips sales
4 4         
d = 60 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
4.05 · 30 = s

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Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 8 175

Solve. We carry out the multiplication.

4. 0 5
× 30
1 2 1. 5 0
Check. 4.05 × 30 ≈ 4 × 30 = 120 ≈ 121.50. The answer
seems reasonable.
State. $121.50 is taken in from the sale of a tub of ice
cream that is used to make 2-dip cones.

2
47. r= ·q
5
2
r ·q
= 5
2 2
5 5
5
r· = q
2
5
Thus q is of r.
2

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c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.