CONFIDENTIAL TEST /JULY 2022/MGT 400

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

TEST

COURSE INTRODUCTION
: TO MANAGEMENT
COURSE CODE MGT 400:
EXAMINATION JULY 2022
:
TIME 2 HOURS:

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Text

1. This question paper consists of two (2) parts:

PART A (25 Questions – Multiple Choice)
PART B (25 Questions – True/False)

Answer
1 ALL questions
.

Name :
NATASHA NABILA BT BASRY
______________________________________________

2020459196
Student ID : ______________________________________________

Group : AS2224M1/MGT400
_______________________________________________

_________________________________________

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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PART A – MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The _______ theory was introduced in the latter part of the 19th century
shortly after the industrial revolution had occurred in Europe and America.

organizational environment

management science

behavioral management

administrative management

scientific management

2. Job specialization refers to the process by which

each position's formal authority in an organizational hierarchy is

established.

division of labor occurs as different workers gain expertise in tasks.

employees receive orders and report to only one superior.

members of different departments work together in cross-departmental

teams to accomplish projects.

employees explore new ways to improve how tasks are performed.

3. When generating alternatives to specific problems, it is important for

managers to

view problems from a fresh perspective to enable creativity.

define alternatives that are aligned with existing managerial mind-sets.

give more weight to others' solutions to ensure personal biases do not

come into play.

prioritize upper-management perspectives to ensure buy-in.

wait until all possible alternatives are identified and fully researched
before acting.

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4. Frederick W. Taylor is best known for defining the techniques of

scientific management.

administrative management.

behavioral management.

management science.

organizational management.

5. The first step in planning for an organization is

procuring raw materials and human resources.

formulating strategies to meet goals.

selecting effective ways to implement the strategies.

determining the organization's missions and goals.

allocating resources and responsibilities to achieve strategies.

6. A functional-level plan establishes the goals that the managers of each

function will pursue to help the division attain its _______ goals, which then
allow achievement of _______ goals.

departmental-level; functional-level

business-level; departmental-level

departmental-level; divisional-level

business-level; corporate-level

functional-level; corporate-level

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7. Each department within an organization should develop a _______ strategy to

outline how the department will improve its ability to perform task-specific
activities in ways that add value to the organization's goods and services.

business-level

divisional-level

corporate-level

functional-level

regional-level

8. An example of a company's standard operating procedure is

a general recommendation that all employees leave their work machines

in good order.

a compulsory practice of employees cleaning their work areas at the end

of each day.

an informal code of conduct prescribing that employees help each other

if time permits.

a suggestion by the technical department to save all work-related files

on the company FTP site.

a recommendation by the human resources department that employees

wear formal clothes during the week.

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9. _______ decisions are routine and based on rules and guidelines.

Brainstormed

Nonprogrammed

Programmed

Intuitive

Creative

10. In the classical model of decision making, managers

create heuristics to simplify the process.

identify and evaluate all possible alternatives before choosing a course

of action.

apply representativeness bias to identify alternatives.

use intuition to select the most satisfactory solution.

use satisficing to select the optimum solution.

11. Managers must rely on their _______ to make the best decision when faced
with uncertainty and ambiguity.

intuition and judgment

cognitive biases

bounded rationality

escalating commitment

illusion of control

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12. According to the five forces model, _______ levels of competition for
customers translate to _______ levels of profit in the industry.

greater; lower

greater; higher

lower;

lower

lower;

equal

greater; equal

13. Organizational _______ is/are the formal system of task and job reporting
relationships that determine(s) how employees use resources to achieve
organizational goals.

design

culture

structure

strategy

values

14. What characteristics of an organizational structure and culture are best suited
to achieving a costleadership strategy?

informal, with managers promoting innovation

formal, with employees having control over activities

formal, with managers incentivizing employee autonomy

informal, with managers having control over activities

formal, with managers having control over activities

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15. _______ is the combination of skills, knowledge, machines, and computers

that are used to produce and distribute goods and services.

Human resources

Technology

Organizational design

Job design

Strategy

16. The goal of the job design process is to

place employees in specific positions.

create an efficient division of labor among employees.

reduce the number of roles available.

increase the number of tasks performed by each employee.

minimize job specialization.

17. _______ is the process by which a person exerts influence over others and
inspires, motivates, and directs their activities.

Empowerment

Consideration

Leadership

Benchmarking

Management

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18. Effective leadership styles

vary with individual, culture, and country.

are easy to develop for experienced, top-level managers.

frequently employ coercive power.

are universal from country to country.

are compromised if power is shared with followers.

19. Legitimate power

fosters high performance if used often and consistently.

respects employee dignity and is highly ethical.

is heavily influenced by personal leadership style.

helps clarify expectations between managers and employees.

is a cornerstone of effective leadership.

20. To be effective as a manager, one should use coercive power

sparingly because it can cause employees stress.

occasionally as it can be too expensive.

to control employee behavior.

to ensure employees meet department goals on time.

use coercive power frequently to standardize employee outputs.

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21. _______ explains what drives or will drive people to achieve organizational
goals and is therefore central to effective management.

Persistence

Motivation

Effort

Expectancy

Instrumentality

22. According to the expectancy theory, motivation is high when people

believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and, ultimately,
to the attainment of the desired goals.

perceive that they can satisfy their need for affiliation and need for
achievement with minimum effort.

have their most basic physiological and safety needs met.

are given specific and challenging goals that help them focus their inputs
in the right direction.

learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn

not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences.

23. According to Maslow's hierarchy, a company is addressing the need for

_______ when it organizes a yearly picnic for employees and their families.

work-life balance

safety

self-awareness

belongingness

self-actualization

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24. _______ systems are the formal monitoring, evaluation, and feedback
systems that allow managers to determine if the organization's strategy and
structure are working according to plan.

Cultural

Routine

Control

Nonprogrammed

Organizing

25. A control process begins with

measuring actual performance.

comparing actual performance against chosen standards.

implementing feedback measures.

establishing performance standards.

initiating corrective action.

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PART B – TRUE/FALSE

26. According to Fayol's principles of management, workers should be given more job
duties to perform with less responsibility for their work outcomes.

True

False

27. The original purpose of Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management techniques

was to find a way to increase profitability by using intuitive, or rule-of-thumb
knowledge.

True

False

28. A drawback of management information systems is that they provide information

only about an organization's internal environment, and not the external environment.

True

False

29. A mission statement is the set of decisions that managers make to assist the
organization in attaining its goals.

True

False

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30. The planning process is complete when appropriate business and corporate
strategies are selected that allow an organization to attain its mission and goals.

True

False

31. A company creates a document in which it identifies internal and external conditions
that affect planning. This is known as a competitive analysis.

True

False

32. Decision making in response to threats occurs only when organizational

performance adversely affects events inside the organization.

True

False

33. Decision making is the process in which managers make determinations about
organizational goals and courses of action by responding to opportunities and
threats.

True

False

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34. Allowing individuals to develop a sense of personal mastery is detrimental to

organizational learning.

True

False

35. As the hierarchy of an organization becomes taller, the organization may become
less flexible.

True

False

36. Determining the best choice for organizational structure relies in part on the
characteristics of an organization's human resources.

True

False

37. A primary feature of a matrix organizational structure is that it creates rigid,

simplified reporting relationships among teams and functions.

True

False

38. The trait model of leadership considers the situation or context within which
leadership occurs.

True

False

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39. When managers motivate employees by reinforcing desired behaviors and

extinguishing or punishing undesired ones, they are engaging in transformational
leadership.

True

False

40. High emotional intelligence makes leaders too sensitive and prevents them from
instilling trust and cooperation throughout the organization.

True

False

41. Because leading is one of the four principal tasks of managing, there is no
distinction made between managers and leaders.

True

False

42. Extrinsically motivated behavior is that which is performed out of a desire to work for
the welfare of society.

True

False

43. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, an individual is primarily motivated by

the lowest level of need that is unmet in the hierarchy.

True

False

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44. According to Alderfer's ERG theory, a person feeling frustrated due to an inability to
satisfy a need is likely to shift their focus to lower-level needs.

True

False

45. One advantage of a positive reinforcement approach is that it simplifies the

identification of the right behaviors to reinforce.

True

False

46. Control helps managers build competitive advantage.

True

False

47. A control system must be flexible in order to be effective.

True

False

48. Financial information provides managers with sufficient information to measure the
four building blocks of competitive advantage.

True

False

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49. Clan control relies on values and norms to keep organization members goal-
directed.

True

False

50. A comprehensive system of rules and SOPs encourages employees to think for
themselves.

True

False

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