BPMN 3123 MANAGEMENT ETHICS

SECOND SEMESTER SESSION 2019/2020 (A192)

GROUP F

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT:

AIR POLLUTION AT WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT

PREPARED BY:

ZULHILMI MASRUR BIN A ZAINI

MATRIC NUMBER:

259162

PREPARED FOR:

DR. AMER B HJ DARUS

SUBMISSION DATE:
3RD MAY 2020

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

For nowadays, there are lots of industries in the world have move forward and have expand in this
civilization and modern world. There is lots of thing have be created, for example like a hybrid car which
can save the world and our fuel. But on the same time, there is some pollution or ‘dirty’ things that we
have left when we have achieved something in this new era of globalization of the world.

As a person or an organization, we have our duty as human to the world to make sure the world has a
good water, air, and land. But some human, there is three main pollution as human and organization have
done to the world without we realise or not which is water pollution, air pollution and land pollution. The
consequences are, in future we have the problem to inherit our nature and our world to our next
generation. We need to give the good quality of nature to our future and next generation. It will be a
problem to us also and will affects our health. Not just our health, our children will have to face the same
problem for the next time when they in our shoes in future.

But some of the pollution happens because of some reason which has happen. Firstly, because of the
natural pollution. It is likely natural disaster which has happen. Like volcanic eruptions, a thunderstorm,
an earthquake, tsunami and so others. Some of this happen will make a pollution for natural to the world.
For example, a tsunami will be affecting the water pollution and there will be like a waste in the sea. Or
we can see the volcanic eruptions, which will make the nature like forest will be burn for a while and will
became the air pollution because the effect of burning like houses, or forest.

And I will focus on one of pollution that which is air pollution. The definition of the air pollution is a
condition that involves any chemicals, particulate matter or biology that can cause harm, harm to humans
or other living organisms and harm the environment when released it into the atmosphere. The example of
air pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO 2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon chloroform, any unpleasant
smell, any toxic metals such as copper, lead or toxic waste.

Air pollution are caused of smoke such as factory which not be filter the smoke before release to the
air, any vehicle which that produces CO 2 and CO, and volcanic eruptions. And other effect of air
pollution to the earth are will be the ozone layer depletion, the haze, acid rain and global warming. And
air pollution will be effect to human to like our health, our safety.

At the workplace environment, the simple thing that we must going through are the people who like
to smoke a cigarette whether in the building of the workplace or outside of the workplace. In enclosed
area, it will be difficult to filter or clean the smoke from shirts, chair or even at the curtain. It will pollute
the air and the quality of air in the workplace such as a building will make be a problem to our health. The

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release of smoke from cigarette will create the air pollution in the building will produces the high levels
of internal air pollution with 300 types of toxic gases to the surrounding [ CITATION Rok20 \l 17417 ].

And besides that, the release of smoke from factories without filter will be effect lots of people. The
release of black smoke from factory will caused the air pollution besides of dust to the residential area
and to the vehicle. And it will affect the activity of people surrounding because of the smell of
surrounding to the people until a kilometer away. And maybe it will affect the other people business
because of the smell and will be interrupting the teacher to teach the student at the school [ CITATION
Moh20 \l 17417 ].

We can see that the Air Pollutant Index (API) are very critical if we read it. It will affect our daily life
if we keep breathing “dirty” air. If we can see at API at Rompin, Pahang, readings jumping from
“unhealthy” to “very unhealthy” zone [ CITATION Tan19 \l 17417 ]. It is very dangerous not just for adult,
it will affect the children. As a responsible citizen, we need to prevent this for our future.

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2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

As organization decision makers, they should beliefs about he impact of their employees by the
work environmental especially about the air pollution around their workplace. In this era, the
organization should take care of their employees because the employees are one of the keys of
successor of the organization. If you take care your employees, the employees will take care of your
company and the name of their organization. As the organization, the first thing they should take care
of the environment of the company. The organization need to deal with their own waste with truly
care because sometimes they home of their employees are near to their workplace, especially for the
air pollution.

At Thailand, there is a factories producing ribbed smoked sheet rubber (RSS), the interiors which
are heavily contaminated by wood burning smoke, was evaluated with a focus on the concentration of
suspended particulates and particle-bound PAHs as well as workers exposure in the breathing zone
during the period January, 2006- February, 2008[ CITATION Thi10 \l 17417 ]. It is very dangerous to
employee because they are exposed to the dangerous, which is air pollution. And according to
Thitiworn, et al., (2010), RSS production is about 40-50 tons per cooperative during the peak months
of operation. Although self-driven roof ventilating turbine or roof ridges are used in some
cooperatives, not all have pollution control devices and, as a result, the smoke is released into the
factory workplace area through ventilating lids on the roof of the smoke room which open directly to
the inside of the building. This is the one of solutions of organization to solve the problem without
effect the world and people around them. Other organizational can use this method or they can use
other method which is way more effective and efficient without harm any peoples.

Next, there is another dangerous chemical substance which may happen if this air a pollutant. It is
nitrogen dioxide (NO2). In urban areas emissions of oxides of nitrogen are dominated by motor
vehicles emissions. Establishing any relationship between air pollution and health depends on a good
knowledge of the type and distribution of pollutants both in the outdoor and indoor environments.
And since people spend 90% of their time indoors, it is likely that indoor air pollution is an important
source of exposure for some pollutants [ CITATION COL \l 17417 ]. It is very dangerous to the people
especially who works indoor because if they keep breathing with NO 2 for to long they will be
suffocated and die because of not enough of oxygen and they breathe a poison air.

Furthermore, smoking at workplace also and affect of air pollution. Not everyone comfortable
with the smell of smoking. And some of them have disease which related to asthma and others. And it
will be affected to the company if the employee which who does not smoke will not come to work

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because of health problem. And most of the people does not smoke will be affected because of least
people who smoke at workplace. The Health and Work Questionnaire (HWQ) was developed to
assess productivity subjectively, and a subjective estimate of productivity loss caused by smoking is
not advisable, both because there is a strong social desirability component motivating smokers to
report otherwise, as well as the lack of an appropriate reference point against which long term
smokers could compare their changes in productivity [ CITATION Hal01 \l 17417 ]. It shows that
smoke in the workplace will be affected the production of workplace.

Indoor air quality is becoming a matter of concern to the both medics and other experts in air
pollution. According to Alomirah and Moda (2020), we spend over 70% of our time inside buildings
without aware of the indoor conditions that may lead to adverse health conditions and experts have
concluded that exposure to air pollutants present in indoor air, poor air exchange with the outside
environment and inadequate lighting in the building in the building in which people work can
negatively impact occupants’ health, leading to a form of health problem termed sick building
syndrome (SBS). The condition indoor office also has important role for our health. If the condition
indoor of the building of workplace are poor, the air of building will be poor. And the best condition
of the air will be the good of the environment in the surrounding.

For increase the productivity of employees, some of organization decided to have a plant at their
workplace. The move to the city, at least in the western world, has been accompanied by great
benefits for most people – better education, less strenuous manual labour, more employment
opportunities, more available health services, a wider choice of entertainment, and longer life
expectancy [ CITATION Bur \l 17417 ]. But some of urban area has air pollution, and the air quality of
interior workplace are low quality compare to the less of development area. It is because they are not
lots of vehicles and the building or factories. It will make you have productivity to your work and has
important role in your workplace.

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3.0 DISCUSSION

An indoor pollution problem exists when a limited amount of fresh air is circulated throughout the
work environment (tight building syndrome), air is circulated at too fast a rate within the workplace, toxic
substances are present within the office environment, or outside air circulated into the workplace is
polluted.

There are several variables that contribute to indoor pollution. Such factors include the utilization of
chemicals like formaldehyde in carpets and furniture; monoxide given off by cigarette smoke and
outdoors traffic; polychlorinated biphenyls contained in electrical transformer; radiation from building
insulation; ozone from copiers’ and solvents employed in cleaners, glues, copiers; and therefore the
ventilation itself. If work such as factories area, the rood od each smoke room opens to the workplace of
the factory via two ventilating lids and heat and smoke to the smoke room is supplied from the bottom
through a flue passage from a burner located outside the building, where rubber-wood is burned as fuel
[ CITATION Thi10 \l 17417 ]. So by have the smoke room, it will be easier to the smoker to smoke in the
room which they doesn’t need to smoke at outside of workplace while working or at the toilet because
have a room to smoke. And the organization need to prepare the room for the convenient of the staff.

If the organization are placed at area of busy roads with heavy traffic, so it is perceivable that workers
in these locations will be subjected to enhanced levels of NO 2. And according to Colbeck (1997),
although air pollution levels in car parks are generally adequately controlled few measurements of air
quality, but without the suitable controlled accommodation with appropriate ventilation car park
attendants may be exposed to high concentrations of certain pollutants. It is shows the surrounding of
workplaces are play the big role of the air pollution. And the best way to control the air pollution if you
are working at the big city and development city by go to work by using any public transport to avoid any
air pollution. Despite efferts that have been made to improve air quality and ventilation standards in
buildings, occupants’ satisfaction level also need further investigation, as ventilation standards do not
necessarily ensure a reasonable level of occupant satisfaction[ CITATION Alo20 \l 17417 ]. The
organization need to improve their ventilation to give the good air quality after they process their product.
It will give the positive impact to the workers and other people.

It also involved the smoker of employees in organization which effect of air pollution at workplace.
Because some of the worker not smoking, and most of the smoker are smoking are almost of them are
men. According to the Halpern, Shikiar, Rentz and Khan (2001), the results were shows that the current
smoker had the greatest rate of absenteeism, never smokers had the lowest rate, and former smoker were
intermediate. We can see that smoke can be one of the reasons of the air pollution and it also can affect of

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our health especially to the smokers. It will give big impact to organization because the workers will take
a leave or absent to the work because of their health problem. It will effect the workers who doesn’t
smoke if the have to breath the same air if the smokers are smoking. And some of them have lung
diseases which will effect the employees which is sick. Acute exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Diseases (AECOPD) have negative effect on workers who have those diseases. It is estimated
that AECOPD would lead to 110,00 deaths and over 500,000 hospitalizations per year, the direct cost due
to AECOPD was over 18 billion dollars [ CITATION Wan15 \l 17417 ]. It will costly the company if the
organization if the employees have to paid for the compensation of the workers.

If the new building also has the problem to the workers. The organization need to make sure the
building are clean and safe for everyone. Because they doesn’t want to effect the other workers’ health.
There is a very wide range of potential indoor air pollution sources, the effects of which may impinge on
human health or the synergetic effect of these factors may be the cause of health related problems in
building [ CITATION Sin96 \l 17417 ]. Some of it will give a negative impact so as organization it will be
better to take a good care of caution of health. It just not also will affects the workers’ health, it will effect
the top management of organization. It better to make sure everything is good and not danger to other
people.

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4.0 CONCLUSION

The organization should make the employees have their right. It will make them feel safe to work
at their surroundings. As employer, they should take care of their employees because the employees
will contribute to the company. If they cannot take care the employees, the employees will easily find
another job at other organization. It just not to take care of the employee’s surroundings, they also
need to take care of their health. It will also give them the good appearances of their organization to
the people. They just not take care of their employees; they also take care of the environment. It will
give them the positive impact to other organization to take care of their employees. It will be an
example to others also. And the employees will work longer than expected because they have better
environment. It just not for their own health also, it is also for their family’s health also. It can shows
how important of this simple way to take care of the air pollution, but it also will give the big impact
to others.

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APPENDIX

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References
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Burchett, M., Torpy, F., & Tarran, J. (n.d.). Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney. Interior
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COLBECK, I. (29 April, 1997). Institute for environmental Research, Department of Biological and
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Halpern, M. T., Shikiar, R., Rentz, A. M., & Khan, Z. M. (1 September, 2001). Tobacco Control. Impact of
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