Course Code: BP603T

Course Title: Herbal drug Technology

Course Leader:
Dr. R. Gowri
gowri.pc.ph@msruas.ac.in

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 Contents

• Raw materials

• Colors

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Lecture No 1
Raw materials

At the end of the session, student will be able to

• Identify suitable colors for preparing herbal cosmetics

• Explain the various natural colors available for formulating

cosmetics

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 Raw materials - colors
• Nature –various colors – ancient man

• Later – used as cosmetics –dying the hairs, painting lips and faces,

coloring food, pharmaceutical and textile products

• Colorant : Substances added to cosmetics products to colour the

product and /or to impart color to the skin and /or its appendages

• Colour – an dye, pigment or other substance that can impart colour

toa food, drug or cosmetics or to the human body

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 Raw materials - colors
• Colored compounds – chromogen or bear chromophores - absorbs

light in near UV region

• Pigments or colors – present – cell sap – anthocyanin (bright red/

blue color), flavonoids, anthroquinone, napthoquinone,

carotenoids, indigoids, benzopyrone derivatives and diaryl

heptanoids

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 Raw materials - colors

• Synthetic dyes – toxic

• Natural dyes – food colorants – approved as food and medicinal

dyes

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 Raw materials - colors
Annatto - carotenoids

Biological source: Dried seeds – Bixa orellana

Family : Bixaceae

Physical properties: Yellow orange in color

Soluble in alcohol, ether, insoluble in water

Chemical constituents: oleo resin – Bixin (yellow colored carotenoid) –

2.5%
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 Raw materials - colors
Annatto - carotenoids

Uses: coloring agent – cosmetics, food, beverages

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 Raw materials - colors
Chlorophyll

Biological source: Green leaves of higher plants and green algae (

PRESENT IN CHLOROPLAST)

• Mixture of 4 pigments – Chlorophyll a (blue black)

Chlorophyll b (Green black)

Carotene (Orange red)

Xanthophyll (Yellow)
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 Raw materials - colors
Chlorophyll

Physical properties: Soluble in organic solvent, Slightly soluble in

water

Uses: Coloring agents – soaps, oils and cosmetics

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 Raw materials - colors
Cochineal

Biological source: Dried female insects Dactilopius coccus

Family : Coccidae

Production: Bugs –collected – autumn –protected winter

• Killed –immersion in hot water or exposure to hot sun

• Natural exposure - sun – good quality and variety of dye

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 Raw materials - colors
• Heating - sun –color changes to purplish black color – black grains

• Burning – sulphur and charcoal fumes –develop purple grey color –

black grains

• Tubular glands - surface – wax

Chemical constituents: 10 % anthroquinone dye – Carminic acid , 10%

fat, 2% wax

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 Raw materials - colors

• Uses: Coloring agent – cosmetics, drug, liquid and solid food

preparations

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 Raw materials - colors
Henna (Lawsonia)

Biological source: Dried leaves – Lawsonia inermis

Family : Lythraceae

Chemical constituents: Lawsone – 2,5 – diOH-1,4-naphthoquinone

(orange dye)

Uses: Hair dye

Along with dihydroxy acetone –sunscreen agent

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 Raw materials - colors
Lawsone

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 Raw materials – colors

Curcumin - Turmeric

Biological source: Bright yellow coloring material obtained from

the rhizomes of Curcuma longa

Family : Zingiberaceae

Solubility: soluble – ethanol, acetic acid

Insoluble – water, ether

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 Raw materials – colors

Uses: Food colouring agent

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 Raw materials - colors
Carthamine

Biological source: Carthamin is a natural red pigment derived from

safflower, Carthamus tinctorius

Family : Asteraceae
Uses: It is used as a dye and a food coloring. As a food additive, it is
known as Natural Red 26.
Carthamin was used as a dye in ancient Egypt. It was used
extensively in the past for dyeing wool for the carpet industry in
European countries

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 Raw materials - colors

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Raw materials - colors
Crocin (Saffron)

Biological source: Golden yellow – orange carotenoid pigment

obtained from the dried stigmas and upper parts of styles of Crocus

sativus

Family : Iridaceae

Solubility: Soluble in hot water and insoluble in absolute alcohol

Uses : Food colourant

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 Raw materials - colors

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Raw materials - colors
Capsanthin (Paprika)

Biological source: Red colour carotenoid pigment obtained from

the fruit of Capsicum annum

Family : Solanaceae

Constituents: Carotenoid - Capsanthin

Uses: Coloring agent for food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and

beverages

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 Raw materials - colors
Lutein (Tagetus)

Biological source: Yellow orange colour carotenoid pigment

obtained from the flower of Tagetus erecta

Family : Compositae

Uses: Coloring agent for food, pharmaceutical

Used as additive of chicken feed to give colour to egg yolks

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 Raw materials - colors
Betanin (Beet root)

Biological source: Red glycoside obtained from the beet root,

Beta vulgaris

Family :

Uses: Coloring agent for ice cream,

powdered soft drink beverages, soups, in some

sugar confectionery

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 Summary

• Colorant : Substances added to cosmetics products to colour

the product and /or to impart color to the skin and /or its

appendages

• Natural pigments

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences