CD#0060_Navigation in Ice

Assessment Chapter – 43 Questions

Q - Question
A - Answer(s)

Q- When the concentration of drift ice is higher than 7/10 the term drift ice
may be replaced by the term?
A-  Pack ice

Q- An ice berg has a minimum height above sea level of?

A-  5 meters

Q- What is “nilas”
A-  A thin elastic crust of ice

Q- New ice is recognized by its characteristic?

A-  Matt appearance

Q- The thickness of young ice is normally between?

A-  10 and 30 cm

Q- Pancake ice consists of circular pieces of ice with a diameter of?

A-  30 – 300 cm

Q- Another name of first year ice is?

A-  White ice

Q- Old ice is more than?

A-  More than one year old

Q- What is an “Ice horn”?

A-  Wedge shaped structure to help protect the rudder when going astern

Q- What is the purpose of “rudder stops”?

A-  To protect the rudder and steering gear from damage during backing

Q- What is the meaning of “Tripping” when used in connection with Arctic ship
design?
A-  Collapse of a frame against the side shell

Q- In traditional ice breaker design the distance between main frames is

approximately?
A-  40 cm

Q- Which materials are most used in propeller blades for icebreakers and ice
breaking cargo ships?
A-  Stainless steel and nickel-aluminium bronze

Q- What rudder position is recommended to obtain minimum loads on the

steering gear when going astern?
A-  Amidships

Q- Which ships produce waste?

A-  All ships

Q- When in ice, one important basic rule is?

A-  Keep moving

Q- The first principle of successful navigation in ice is?

A-  Avoid stopping
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Q- When operating in ice, course changes should be executed when?
A-  If possible, in open water

Q- Backing in ice?
A-  Is a dangerous manoeuvre

Q- How can you reduce the risk of hull damage when executing “ramming”?
A-  Use minimum speed

Q- Berthing in ice covered water is normally?

A-  A long process

Q- Close range hazard detection should be done?

A-  Visually and by radar

Q- Detection of low icebergs on radar should include?

A-  Observation of a radar shadow behind the target

Q- Ice bergs normally move with the:

A-  Current

Q- Which type of glacial ice is most difficult to detect?

A-  Growlers

Q- If the speed of the ship is increased from 8 to 12 knots, the force of impact
has?
A-  More than doubled

Q- When can the tactics for execution of a voyage start?

A-  Once the planning of the passage is completed

Q- What type of chart projection is not suitable for use in high latitudes?
A-  Mercator

Q- The accuracy of charts in the Arctic can be expected to be?

A-  Poor

Q- What is the effect of low temperature on steel?

A-  Increase brittleness

Q- When entering ice, the speed should be?

A-  Very low

Q- In regards to radar imaging, ice is defined as:

A-  A poor radar target

Q- Under some atmospheric conditions white lights may take on

A-  A reddish hue

Q- If possible, an iceberg should be passed?

A-  On the windward side

Q- In low temperature, what is important to do when hot fluid is loaded?

A-  Start with very low loading rate

Q- The stern design of an icebreaker is mainly controlled by?

A-  The number of propellers

Q- How many primary groups of steel is used in ship construction?

A- 2

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Q- When a ship is expected to enter areas with very cold air, what should be done
with tanks and lines?
A-  Stripping all lines and tanks for water

Q- In connection with icebreaker operations, what does code letter “A” mean?
A-  Go ahead

Q- In connection with icebreaker operations, what does code letter “E” mean?
A-  I am altering course to starboard

Q- When an icebreaker is breaking a track through large heavy floes at slow

speed, the track can be expected to be how wide?
A-  30 – 40 % wider than the icebreaker beam

Q- When will towing normally be provided by the icebreaker?

A-  In an emergency

Q- Anchoring in ice covered waters are?

A-  Not recommended