Islamiyat Ch4 Notes

First Muslim Community

• Wives of The Prophet ‫ﷺ‬:

Hazrat Khadija Bint Khuwaylid (RA):
• Before marrying Prophet, she was twice married and
widowed
• Before marrying Prophet, she had 2 daughters & 1 son
• She chose Prophet to lead her trade caravan to Syria
• At time of marriage, Prophet was 25 & she was 40
• The Prophet said, “The noblest ladies of this world are
Mariam & Khadija”
• She supported Prophet during the event of Cave of Hira
• Hazrat Khadija was the first lady to accept Islam
• She supported Prophet morally & financially too
• She bore him 6 kids; 2 sons & 4 daughters
o Hazrat Qasim, Hazrat Abdullah
o Hazrat Zainab, Hazrat Ruqayya, Hazrat Fatimah &
Hazrat Umm-e-Kulthoom
 • She remained loyal to Prophet, even in his hardest times
• She stayed with Prophet in the Boycott of Banu Hashim
• Hazrat Khadija died in 619 CE at the age of nearly 65 years

Hazrat Sawdah Binte Zam’ah:

• She was previously married to Sakran ibn Amr who dies in
the Battle of Jalula in 637 AD
• Hazrat Sawdah was the first woman to migrate to Abyssinia
• Prophet married her in the year 620, after Khadija’s death
• At time of marriage, Prophet was 50 and she was 55
• She looked after Prophet’s household and his children
• She was very generous, modest, pious, and open-hearted
• She accompanied Prophet in the Farewell Pilgrimage
• After Prophet’s death, she never left the house
• She passed away in Madinah in 23 AH during Umar’s reign

Hazrat Aisha Binte Abu Bakr:

• She was born in 4th year of Prophethood
• Hazrat Aisha was the daughter of Abu Bakr, Prophet’s
closest companion
• Allah wanted to store Ahadith with her, that’s why she was
married at such a young age
• Hazrat Aisha possessed a sharp & curious mind
• The Prophet said, “Aisha enjoys superiority over all other
women.”
• She was called ‘siddiqa’ (the righteous) after Allah tested her
honesty & purity
• Prophet received many revelations on her bed
 • The Prophet spent his last days with her in her apartment
• The Prophet was buried in her room in Masjid-al-Nabawi
• Hazrat Aisha quoted 2,210 ahadith & had over 200 students
• Her knowledge was more than the knowledge of all the
wives combined
• She was an expert in Islamic law, poetry & even literature
• Hazrat Aisha died aged 65 in 58 AH in Madinah

Hazrat Hafsa Binte Umar:

• She was the daughter of Hazrat Umar & was previously
married to Khunais bin Huzaifa
• Her husband was martyred in Battle of Badr in 2 AH
• After her iddah, Prophet married her
• Hazrat Hafsa exchanged knowledge with Hazrat Aisha &
quoted 60 ahadith
• After her father’s death, she kept the Mushaf, which was
later named ‘Mushaf-e-Hafsa’
• She passed away in 45 AH at the age of 63
• Hazrat Hafsa is buried at Jannat-ul-Baqi

Hazrat Zainab Binte Khuzayma:

• She was previously married to Abdullah Ibn Jahsh who was
martyred in Uhd
• The Prophet married her in 4 AH
• Hazrat Zainab had a very kind character and always gave to
the more destitute and needy people
• She was given the title of ‘Umm-ul-Masakeen’
• Hazrat Zainab passed away just months after marriage
Hazrat Umme Salamah Binte Abu Umayyah:
• Her real name was Hind Bint Ali Umayyah Ibn Mughirah
• Hazrat Umme Salamah lived a very luxurious life
• She was an early convert, so she migrated twice; to
Abyssinia & to Madinah
• Her husband died due to the injuries from Uhd
• After Umme Salamah’s iddah, Prophet married her in 4 AH
• She narrated a total of 378 ahadith
• Umme Salamah used to attend all the Prophet’s sermons
• At Hudaibiya, she suggested the Prophet to remove Ihram
first so companions may do it too
• She outlived all the Prophet’s wives and died in 63 AH

Hazrat Zainab Binte Jahash:

• She was the paternal cousin of the Prophet
• She was previously married to Zaid Ibn Harith, Prophet’s
adopted son who later divorced her
• The Prophet married her in 5 AH following Allah’s command
• They were married in heaven by Allah himself
• Hazrat Zainab was known for her generosity and kindness
• She also narrated 11 ahadith
• Prophet predicted her to be the first wife to die after him
• Surely, she died aged 53 in 20 AH

Hazrat Javeriah Binte Harith:

• She was the daughter of Harith Bin Abi Zara, chief of the
Mustaliq tribe
• She was captured with prisoners in the Battle of Masira
 • The Prophet paid for her ransom with gold & offered to marry
her to which she accepted
• Hazrat Javeria was exceptionally beautiful and graceful
• Because of her marriage, 600 of her tribesmen were set free
• She oversaw inviting her tribesmen to Islam
• Hazrat Javeria died at the age of 65 in 50 AH

Hazrat Umme Habiba Binte Abu Sufiyan:

• Her real name was Ramla & she was the daughter of Abu
Sufiyan Ibn Harb
• She was married to Ubaidullah Ibn Jahsh whom she had a
daughter, Habiba, with
• Her husband converted to Christianity & they separated
• After Umme Habiba’s iddah, Prophet married her
• Negus helped her prepare for the wedding in Abyssinia &
gave her 400-dinar dowry
• She married Prophet in 1 AH, but lived with him six years
later
• Hazrat Umme Habiba was very patient & courageous
• She was also very pious and feared the hereafter
• She died in 45 AH at the age of 73 during her brother,
Muawiya’s reign & is buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi

Hazrat Safiya Bint Huyai:

• Her real name was Zainab & she was born to Huyai Bin
Akhtab, chief of Jewish tribe Banu Nadir
• She was married to Sallam Ibn Mishkam who later divorced
her
• She later married Kenana, treasurer of the tribe
 • He interpreted a dream of hers in which she desired to marry
the Prophet and her struck her upon it, such as it left a mark
• She was a captive of war & Prophet decided to marry her
• She was very fond of learning, especially the Quran
• She was known for her knowledge & generosity
• She died at the age of 60 in 50 AH & is buried in Jannat-ul-
Baqi

Hazrat Maimoonah Binte Harith:

• She was from Quraish & also the aunt of Khalid Bin Walid
• The Prophet married her in 7 AH & changed her name from
‘Barrah’ to ‘Maimoonah’
• This was Prophet’s last marriage
• She was very pious & respected everyone around her
• Hazrat Maimoonah quoted 46 ahadith
• She died in a place near Makkah in 51 AH

Hazrat Rehana Bint Shamoon:

• She belonged to the tribe of Banu Quraizah
• In 6 AH, she was brought as a prisoner of war
• The Prophet married her on the condition that she accepts
Islam, which she did
• She died 10 years after the Prophet’s demise
Hazrat Mariyah Qibtiyya:
• She was gifted as a slave to Prophet by Cyrus, ruler of
Egypt, in 629 AD
• She was just a concubine, according to many
• Hazrat Mariyah accepted Islam on the way to Madinah
• Her sister, Sirin was married to Hassan Ibn Thabit, the
Prophet’s poet
• She bore Prophet a son, Ibrahim, who died just 8 months
after birth, leaving the parents in immense pain & sorrow
• Hazrat Mariyah passed away in 16 AH

• The Ten Blessed Companions:

Hazrat Abu Bakr:
• He was from Banu Taym tribe & his father was Abu Quhafa
• Abu Bakr was a rich merchant in Mecca
• He was away from all evil even before Islam & he never did
idol worshipping
• Abu Bakr was the first free man to accept Islam
• Many joined Islam on his invitation e.g., Uthman, Talha &
Abu Obadiah etc.
• He freed many Muslim slaves like Bilal
• He had 40,00 dirham & upon migration he had 5,000 dirham
• Abu Bakr always gave to the poor and always gave charity
• The Prophet called him ‘Al-Siddiq’ (The Truthful)
• He was the only one with The Prophet during migration to
Madinah
• Abu Bakr got his daughter, Aisha, married to the Prophet
• He always supported the Prophet, no matter what
 • He donated all his wealth during Tabuk Expedition
• Abu Bakr calmed the faithful after the demise of the Prophet
• He served as Caliph of Islam for 2 years from 632-634 AD

Hazrat Umar Farooq:

• He was a very brave & strong person
• His father was Khattab & he belonged to Banu A’di tribe
• He used to oppose Islam a lot
• The Prophet prayed for his guidance or Abu Jahl’s guidance,
so Allah gave Umar guidance
• His sister Fatima introduced him to Islam by making him
read Sura Taha
• Hazrat Umar accepted Islam in the 6th year of prophethood
• Muslims now felt safe as they had Hazrat Umar with them
• He got the dream about Adhan in Madinah
• Hazrat Umar supported Islam & Prophet openly in Makkah
as he knew no one would dare to challenge him
• He showed his support by being in battles & other events
• He donated half of his wealth for Tabuk Expedition
• Hazrat Umar gave the idea of compilation of Quran
• He also served as Caliph of Islam for 10 years

Hazrat Uthman Ibn Affan:

• He belonged to the tribe of Banu Umayyah
• He accepted Islam on the invitation of Abu Bakr
• His uncle, Abu Hakam, tortured him, but he never renounced
his faith
• He was a very honest & modest man
 • Hazrat Ruqayya was married to him
• They were the first couple (after Ibrahim & his wife) to
migrate in Allah’s way
• He then migrated with his wife to Madinah
• Uthman established himself as a wealthy trader in Madinah
• He took part in all battles except Badr as his wife was ill
• After Ruqayya’s death, he married Umm-e-Kulthoom
• Prophet said, “Even angels appear with modesty in front
of Uthman.”
• He donated 1,000 dinar & 200 camels for Tabuk Expedition
• He always cared for the poor & needy
• Hazrat Uthman was also a frequent scribe of revelations
• He served as Caliph of Islam for 12 years
• During his caliphate, he recompiled the Quran to prevent
further conflicts

Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib:

• He was the son of Abi Talib & belonged to Banu Hashim
• He was very close to the Prophet as he raised him
• Hazrat Ali was the first child to accept Islam at the young
age of 12
• He suffered difficulties in Makkah but remained steadfast
• Hazrat Ali migrated to Madinah & joined the Prophet in Quba
• He was a great warrior & fought many battles
• He killed Waleed Ibn Utba & many other enemies of Islam
• Hazrat Ali always defended the Prophet in many
circumstances since a young age
• He was called ‘Asadullah’ (Lion of Allah) due to his bravery
• The Prophet appointed Ali as the judge (qadi) of Yemen
• He washed the Prophet’s body & buried him as well
 • It was his idea to start Islamic calendar from Hijra
• Hazrat Ali narrated nearly 500 ahadith
• Prophet said, “I am the city of knowledge & Ali is its
gate”
• He spent a very modest life & never had much wealth

Hazrat Talha Ibn Obaidullah:

• He belonged to the tribe of Banu Taym & was related to Abu
Bakr
• He was tortured in Makkah but never renounced his faith
• He took part in all battles except Badr as he was made a spy
• Hazrat Talha protected the Prophet in Uhd & even lost his
fingers
• Prophet said, “If someone wants to see a living martyr,
he should see Talha”
• He was 1 of the 6 people whom Abu Bakr chose for caliph
• Hazrat Talha contributed greatly for Tabuk Expedition
• He was very intelligent & always thought twice
• Hazrat Talha died in 36 AH in the Battle of Camel when
someone shot him with a poison arrow in the knee

Hazrat Zubair Ibn Al-Awwam:

• Hazrat Zubair was the bravest companion of the Prophet
• He was the son-in-law of Abu Bakr as he married Hazrat
Asma
• He took part in all the battles
• His younger brother Umair, was killed in Battle of Badr
• Prophet said, “Talha & Zubair are my neighbors in
paradise”
 • Hazrat Zubair played an important role in expansion in
Umar’s caliphate
• He was 1 of the 6 people whom Abu Bakr chose for caliph
• Someone killed him after he left Battle of Camel to pray
• He was martyred in 36 AH

Hazrat Saad Ibn Abi Waqas:

• He was Prophet’s maternal cousin
• Hazrat Saad converted at a very young age
• His mother stopped eating & drinking in protest, but he
remained firm in faith
• He was the 1st Muslim to shed blood in the name of Islam
• He worked as Prophet’s guard in Madinah
• He was the best archer & shot the 1st arrow in Islam
• Prophet said, “My parents be thy ransom Saad! Shoot
arrows.”
• He was leader of the Persia campaign during Umar’s
caliphate
• He gave foundation to the city of Kufa
• Hazrat Saad is known to introduce Islam to Chinese
• He was 1 of the 6 people whom Abu Bakr chose for caliph
• He didn’t participate in the Battles of Camel & Siffin
• He outlived all the Ashara Mubashara
• He died aged 80 in 55 AH

Hazrat Abu Ubaidah Ibn Jarrah:

• He belonged to the clan of Banu Harith Ibn Fihr
 • Even before Islam, he was one of the most noble men of
Makkah
• He was a great warrior & was very brave
• In Badr, he was attacked by his father who he later killed
• While protecting Muhammad in Uhd, he lost 2 of his teeth
• In 628, he participated in the Treaty of Hudaibiya
• He was given the title of ‘Ameen-ul-Ummah’
• Hazrat Abu Ubaidah spent an extremely simple life
• In 639, he died due to plague & is buried at Jabiya

Hazrat Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf:

• His real name was Abdul Amr
• He accepted Islam on Abu Bakr’s invitation
• He migrated to Abyssinia in 615 AD
• Hazrat Abdul Rahman donated numerous amounts on all
occasions
• He provided Prophet’s army with 1,500 camels
• He got severely injured in Battle of Uhd which affected him
• Hazrat Abdul Rahman was a very knowledgeable person
• He was given the final authority by Hazrat Umar to choose
the caliph & so he chose Hazrat Uthman
• He was made Amir-ul-Hajj in 11 AH
• Hazrat Abul Rehman died in 33 AH & is buried in Amman

Hazrat Saeed Ibn Zaid:

• His nickname is ‘Abu-al-Aawar’
• He was almost 19 when he accepted Islam in 613 AD
• His father Zaid was a very noble person even before Islam
 • Hazrat Saeed was brother-in-law of Hazrat Umar & played
his role in Umar’s conversion
• He took part in all battles except Badr as he was made a spy
• He loved jihad and claimed to do anything in the name of
Islam
• He played an important role in battles against the Romans
• He didn’t participate in the Battles of Camel & Siffin
• He died at 79 in 51 AH & was buried by Saad Ibn Abi Waqas
& Umar’s son

• The Scribes of Divine Revelation:

Hazrat Zaid Ibn Thabit:
• He was very young at the time of migration to Madinah
• He learnt Hebrew & Syriac languages within 12 days upon
the command of Prophet
• The Prophet was shocked & appointed Zaid as his scribe
• The Prophet often called him & dictated the revelations
• Other than Badr, he fought in all battles including, Yamama
• He was appointed by Abu Bakr to compile the Quran which
he did successfully within his caliphate
• Hazrat Umar said, “ O people, whoever wants to ask
about the Quran, let him go to Zaid Ibn Thabit.”
• Hazrat Zaid also recompiled Quran during Uthman’s reign
• He died in 45 AH

Hazrat Abdullah Ibn Masood:

• He was from Banu Huzail tribe
• He used to tend flocks of Uqbah Ibn Muayt, Quraish chieftain
 • He was the 6th convert of Islam & remained close to Prophet
• The Prophet also loved Hazrat Abdullah very dearly
• He devoted himself completely to learning from Prophet
• Hazrat Abdullah was the first person to recite Quran loudly &
was then beaten by Quraish very badly
• He took part in all battles & beheaded Abu Jahl in Badr
• Prophet said, “If anyone likes to recite the Quran as fresh
as it had descended then he must recite it on the
reading pf Abdullah Ibn Masood”
• He had authority in field of ahadith & narrated 800 ahadith
• All Sahabah would refer to him in terms of Fiqh
• Hazrat Abdullah became judge (Qazi) of Kufa in 642 AD
• He passed away in 33 or 34 AH

Hazrat Ubay Ibn Ka’b:

• He was from Khazraj tribe & accepted Islam in Pledge of
Aqaba
• He was a senior companion
• The last revelation of the Quran is said to be written by him
• He was the best reciter of Quran
• Upon Umar’s command, he was made Imam of Taraweeh
• Prophet hit his chest & said, “Knowledge will be made
easy for you, O Abaa Mundhir.”
• He passed away in 29 AH
Hazrat Ameer Muawiya:
• He was the son of Abu Sufiyan & accepted Islam in the
Conquest of Makkah
• The Prophet dictated revelations to him
• He was also made the Prophet’s secretary
 • Hazrat Umar appointed him as governor of Syria
• He remained on his post during Uthman’s caliphate
• Hazrat Muawiya led the first naval fleet of Islam
• He forcefully demanded Ali to avenge Uthman’s blood
• Hazrat Ali ordered him to step down from his post, but he
refused to do so
• Battle of Siffin was fought without any result
• Ali left Syria in his hands
• After Hazrat Ali, he became caliph for a very long time
• Hazrat Ameer Muawiya passed away in 60 AH

• The Descendants of Prophet:

Hazrat Zainab Binte Muhammad:
• Hazrat Zainab was the Prophet’s eldest daughter
• She was born 10 years before her father became Prophet
• She was married to Abul Aas, Khadija’s nephew
• They had 2 children, Ali & Omama
• She accepted Islam as Prophethood was announced, but
her husband did not
• Makkans demanded their divorce, but Abul Aas loved her
• In Badr, he was made captive & Zainab was about to give
her wedding gift from Khadija as ransom
• She was a very simple & kind person
• Hazrat Zainab was always very selfless & would support
others in need
• Prophet got emotional, so he freed Abul Aas without ransom
• He asked Abul Aas to send Zainab to Madinah as she
couldn’t live with a Non-Muslim husband
• Hazrat Zainab lived for 6 years in Madinah without marriage
 • Later, Abul Aas came to Madinah & accepted Islam
• On her way to Madinah, Hammad Ibn Aswad, a disbeliever,
injured her so badly that she passed away in 8 AH
• She is buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi
• Abul Aas used to cry so much that the Prophet would cry
• Abul Aas died one year after Hazrat Zainab’s demise

Hazrat Ruqayya:
• She was the second daughter of Prophet
• Hazrat Ruqayya was born 7 years before Prophethood
• She was married to Abu Lahab’s son, Utba
• Upon the arrival of Islam, Abu Lahab forced both of his sons
to divorce the daughters of Prophet
• She was then married to Hazrat Uthman & they migrated
twice
• In Abyssinia, she had a son named Abdullah
• She contracted smallpox in 2 AH & unfortunately passed
• Her son, Abdullah, also died aged 6 in 4 AH
• The people were returning from her burial when Muslims got
news about victory in Badr, so Prophet wasn’t there
• She is buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi

Hazrat Umm-e-Kulthoom:
• Hazrat Umm-e-Kulthoom was born 3 years before
Prophethood
• She was also married to Abu Lahab’s son who divorced her
• After divorcing her, Utaibah came to insult the Prophet on
which he said, “O, Allah! Depute one of Thy dogs to
punish him.”
 • Later, en route to Syria, a lion severed his head in his sleep
• Hazrat Umm-e-Kulthoom migrated to Madinah with Hazrat
Sawdah
• After the death of Ruqayya, Uthman married her in 3 AH
• She died aged 25 in 9 AH when her husband & father were
at Tabuk Expedition

Hazrat Fatima:
• She was the youngest daughter of Prophet
• She was the 1st Muslim-born baby
• Hazrat Fatima was born 1 year after Prophethood
• She is known as ‘Fatima Zahra’, meaning ‘the shining one’
• Hazrat Fatima was a very pure & chaste woman
• She always indulged herself in prayer & other worship
• When the disbelievers poured camel placenta on Prophet
during his prayer, she rushed to clean the Prophet
• She was married to Hazrat Ali in 2 AH
• Her children with Ali were Hasan, Hussain, Mohsin, Zayd &
Umm-e-Kulthoom
• Fatima did all the household work for a very long time
• Her shoulders were swollen & she had blisters on her hands
• Hazrat Ali would take care of the outside work like earnings
• She was very kind & even treated her maids like family
• She tended to her father’s wounds in Battle of Uhd
• Prophet called her, “head of ladies in Paradise.”
• Prophet made Tasbih-e-Fatima
o 33 times SubhanAllah, 33 times Alhamdulillah & 34
times Allahu Akbar
• During Ramadan, she couldn’t break her fast for 3 days as
she gave her food to a beggar, orphan & prisoner
 • The Prophet loved her very dearly
• Hazrat Fatimah got sad when Hazrat Ali wanted to marry
Abu Jahl’s daughter & complained to the Prophet
• She passed away 6 months after the Prophet in 11 AH

Hazrat Hasan Ibn Ali:

• He was born in 3 AH & was the son of Ali, hence the
grandson of Prophet
• Prophet loved Hasan & Hussain so much
• He called them ‘flowers of paradise’ & ‘leaders of the youth’
• After Ali’s death, caliphate was transferred to him
• According to Shiite beliefs, Imamat was given to him by Ali
• The Sabites poisoned him & blamed it on Muawiya to start
conflicts between Banu Hashim & Banu Umayyah again

Hazrat Hussain Ibn Ali:

• He was the brother of Hasan & grandson of Prophet
• He was born in 4 AH
• The rightly guided caliphates ended with Hasan & so did the
Shiite Imamat
• Hussain was desperate to spy on Muawiya in Kufa
• He disagreed with the idea of Yazid in succession
• Upon reaching Kufa, he was killed in the event of Karbala