Overall Dimension of Turbines

Head 2 m
Hydraulic Efficiency 75 % See below for estimate
Flow rate 625 l/s
Turbine Speed 550 rpm
Power 8750 W *power out of turbine/ input to generator
Specific Speed 259
Kug (from graph) 1.99 *Curve fitting algorithm from Demetriades thesis based on Bohl g
Dh/Dt 0.40
Number of blades 3

Recommended Dimensions from Bohl

Recommended Actual
Diameter of runner (m) 0.432 0.45
Hub Diameter (m) 0.173 0.18

Other Parameters (based on recommendations)

Axial velocity 4.678275811049 m/s
Hub velocity 5.183627878423 m/s
Tip velocity 12.95906969606 m/s
Tip/ Water speed ratio 2.770052519232

Note: Specific Speed calculated based on flow rate

Estimated Hydr. Efficiency 89% (based on flow rate only)

2nd Est. Hydr. Eff. 76% (with Anderson's specific speed correction)
metriades thesis based on Bohl graph
Overall Dimension of Turbines
Head 2 m
Hydraulic Efficiency 75 %
Flow rate 625 l/s
Turbine Speed 500 rpm
Power 8750 W *power out of turbine/ input to generator
Specific Speed 235
Kug (from graph) 1.89 *Curve fitting algorithm from Demetriades thesis based on Bohl g
Dh/Dt 0.45
Number of blades 3

Recommended Dimensions from Bohl

Recommended Actual
Diameter of runner (m) 0.453 0.45
Hub Diameter (m) 0.204 0.2025

Other Parameters (based on recommendations)

Axial velocity 4.927588315086 m/s
Hub velocity 5.301437602933 m/s
Tip velocity 11.78097245096 m/s
Tip/ Water speed ratio 2.390819138623

Note: Specific Speed calculated based on flow rate

Estimated Hydr. Efficiency 89% (based on flow rate only)

Better Hydr. Eff. 78% (with specific speed correction)
metriades thesis based on Bohl graph
 Blade Shape

0.500
Blade Chord (m)

0.450

0.400

0.350

0.300

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100

0.050

0.000
0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24
Radius (m)
Blade Design
Z 3 blades
Dt 0.45 m Q 625 l/s
Dh 0.2025 m H 2m
Vw2Rw 0.044 m^2/s
Vw1Rw 0.310 Initial guess Vw1Rw: 0.309
Eff 0.75
Speed 500 rpm 52.4 rad/s

tip mid hub

Section 1 2 3 4 5 6
R 0.225 0.1940625 0.163125 0.1321875 0.11671875 0.10125
x 0.471 0.406 0.342 0.277 0.244 0.212 Blade spacing
Eff 0.71 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.71
Va 4.93 4.93 4.93 4.93 4.93 4.93
Vw1 1.38 1.60 1.90 2.35 2.66 2.66
u 11.78 10.16 8.54 6.92 6.11 5.30
Vw2 0.20 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.03 Based on Euler Equation
W1 11.51 9.88 8.27 6.72 6.02 5.59
W2 12.59 11.17 9.73 8.34 7.68 7.22
Beta1 25.35 29.92 36.58 47.12 54.96 61.77
Beta2 23.04 26.16 30.44 36.22 39.90 43.07
Betainf 24.19 28.04 33.51 41.67 47.43 52.42 Mean flow angle
Winf 12.02 10.48 8.93 7.41 6.69 6.22
L (chord) 0.450 0.370 0.300 0.240 0.200 0.160 Suggest use D for tip chord length
(x/L)approx 1.05 1.10 1.14 1.15 1.22 1.33
Kb 0.206 0.307 0.445 0.670 0.891 1.119 Using "Zweifel" criterion Kb=0.8 at the hub we get an estimate for the axial chord length at the hub

M 1.20 1.10 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.70 From chart, based on beta and x/l
CL 0.171 0.279 0.494 0.788 1.187 1.599 Lift coefficients Required

alpha 0.5 1 1.2 2.5 6 10.2 Chosen to give right CL

Blade thkn's (mm 5 5 5 5 5 5
thickness (%) 1.11 1.35 1.67 2.08 2.50 3.13
camber (%) 1.2 2 3.5 5.5 7 9
beta calculated 23.7 27.0 32.3 39.2 41.4 42.2
camber (mm) 5.40 7.40 10.50 13.20 14.00 14.40
Thickness (mm) 5 5 5 5 5 5
Lhub(mm) 180.8 168.2 160.3 151.6 132.3 107.5
Actual 24 27 32 39 41 42
Solidity 0.87 0.81 0.74 0.67 0.62 0.56 Mean Solidity: 0.71

Arc radius (mm) 4690 2316 1077 552 364 229

Theta blade 5.50 9.16 16.02 25.11 31.88 40.82

Exaggeration fac 0.38 0.39 0.4 0.44 0.45 0.43 From chart of Weinig Factor
Theta ratio 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.43 0.47 0.46 Calculated value for comparison
Alternatively…
beta2fl(calc) 23.26 26.34 30.17 36.07 40.62 44.22
Vw2(calc) 0.31 0.21 0.06 0.16 0.37 0.24
VwRw 0.310 m^2/s
Q 625 l/s
Rg 0.14 m < D/2: 0.225 m
Q/VwRw (1) 2.016129 m
Q/VwRw (2) 0.836865 m Aiming for
B 0.533 m B value must be changed until Q/VwRw(1) and Q/VwRw(2) values match
bo/D 0.48
bo 0.216 m

Spiral height (m)

Spiral casing sections
Outer
Angular Position Flow Rate Height x-section x-dim Radius 0.600
(degrees) (m3/s) Distrib (m^2) (m) (m)
0 0 0.216 0.000 0.000 0.140 0.500
30 0 0.154 0.024 0.154 0.294
0.400
60 0 0.218 0.047 0.218 0.358
90 0 0.267 0.071 0.267 0.407
0.300
120 0 0.308 0.095 0.308 0.448
150 0 0.344 0.118 0.344 0.484 0.200
180 0 0.377 0.142 0.377 0.517
210 0 0.407 0.166 0.407 0.547 0.100
240 0 0.435 0.189 0.435 0.575
270 0 0.462 0.213 0.462 0.602 0.000
300 0 0.487 0.237 0.487 0.627 0 90 180 270 360
330 0 0.510 0.260 0.510 0.650 Angle
360 0 0.533 0.284 0.533 0.673