Analysis and Design of Short Columns

ACI strength Provision Pu ≤ ∅Pn

∑Fy = 0 P0 = Ast Fy + f'c ( Ag-Ast)
From Experiment P0 = Ast Fy + 0.85f'c ( Ag-Ast)
Tied Columns Pn = 0.8[Ast Fy + 0.85f'c ( Ag-Ast)]
Spiral Columns Pn = 0.85[Ast Fy + 0.85f'c ( Ag-Ast)]
Reduction factor for Tied Columns ∅ = 0.65
Reduction factor for Spiral Columns ∅ = 0.7
Min. Longitudinal reinforcement, ρmin 0.01
Max. Longitudinal reinforcement, ρmax 0.08
Determining the required cross section of concrete
For Tied Columns Ag = Pu/0.8∅[0.85f'c(1-ρg)+fy ρg ]
For Spiral Columns Ag = Pu/0.85∅[0.85f'c(1-ρg)+fy ρg ]
Minimum Spacing of reinforcement: For Longitudinal reinforcement in columns, clear spacing between bars shall be at
the greatest of :
Section 25.2.3 1 - 40 mm
2 - 1.5 db, Where db : bar diameter
3 - (4/3) dagg Where dagg: Nominal max. size of coarse aggregate, mm
Standard hooks, seismic hooks, crossties, and Minimum inside bend Diameter
Section 25.3.1 For bars in tension
Section 25.3.2 Bars used as transverse reinforcement
Section 25.3.4 Minimum requirements of Seismic hooks

Minimum Concrete cover Unless the general building code requires a

Section 20.6.1 greater cover for fire protaction
Transverse reinforcement
Section 25.7.2.1: Ties 1 - Clear spacing of at least (4/3) dagg
2 - Center to Center spacing shall not exceed the least of:
-- 16db of longitudinal bar,
-- 48db of tie bar,
-- and smallest dimension of member cross section
Section 25.7.3.1: Spiral 1 - At least the greater of 25mm and (4/3) dagg
2 - Not greater than 75mm

Diameter of tie bar The given bar diameters are the minimum requirements
Section 25.7.2.2 a) T10 mm enclosing T32mm or smaller longitudinal bars
b) T12 mm enclosing T36mm or larger longitudinal bars

Section 25.7.2.3 Ties should be placed as shown in figure 3

Volumetric spiral reinf. Ratio ρs
Section 25.7.3.3
Minimum shear reinforcement
ρs ≥ 0.45 (-1 + Ag/Ac)(f'c/fy)
A minimum area of shear reinforcement, Av,min shall be provided in all re
where Vu > 0.5∅Vc
Av,min shall be the greater of
Av,min = 0.062 (bw S/fy)(f'c)^0.5
Av,min = 0.35 (bw S/fy)
s
From figure 1
Figure 2
Figure1
Section 22.4.2.2
Table 22.4.2.1
Table 22.4.2.1

Section 10.6.1
Section 10.6.1

ear spacing between bars shall be at least

meter
max. size of coarse aggregate, mm

Table 25.3.1
Table 25.3.2
Figure 2

Table 20.6.1.3.1

exceed the least of:

er cross section
(4/3) dagg

mum requirements
ler longitudinal bars
r longitudinal bars

fy max= 700 Mpa

Figure 4
ent, Av,min shall be provided in all regions
Figure 3
Figure 4
 Diameter Weight
(mm) (Kg/m) 1 2 3 4
6 0.222 0.28 0.57 0.85 1.13
8 0.395 0.50 1.01 1.51 2.01
10 0.616 0.79 1.57 2.36 3.14
12 0.888 1.13 2.26 3.39 4.52
14 1.208 1.54 3.08 4.62 6.16
16 1.579 2.01 4.02 6.03 8.04
18 2.54 5.09 7.63 10.18
20 2.466 3.14 6.28 9.42 12.57
22 2.7126 3.80 7.60 11.40 15.21
25 3.854 4.91 9.82 14.73 19.63
28 6.16 12.32 18.47 24.63
32 6.313 8.04 16.08 24.13 32.17
36 10.18 20.36 30.54 40.72
40 9.864 12.57 25.13 37.70 50.27

Col 0.6 x 0.6

Stirrups diameter 12 mm
B 60 cm
H 60 cm
Ac 3600 cm2
ρ 1% From Etabs
As 36 cm2
As used 36.9
24 T 14
c' 5 cm (clear cover to face of Stirrups)
d' 6.9 cm (clear cover to center of Longitudinal reinforcement)
462 mm

Col 1x1
Stirrups diameter 12 mm
B 100 cm
H 100 cm
Ac 10000 cm2
ρ 1% From Etabs
As 100 cm2
As used 106.4
 28 T 22
c' 5 cm (clear cover to face of Stirrups)
d' 7.3 cm (clear cover to center of Longitudinal reinforcement)

Col 1.2 x 1.2

Stirrups diameter 12 mm
B 120 cm
H 120 cm
Ac 14400 cm2
ρ 1.00% From Etabs
As 144 cm2
As used 157.1
32 T 25
c' 5 cm (clear cover to face of Stirrups)
d' 7.45 cm (clear cover to center of Longitudinal reinforcement)
 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1.41 1.70 1.98 2.26 2.54 2.83 3.11 3.39 3.68 3.96
2.51 3.02 3.52 4.02 4.52 5.03 5.53 6.03 6.53 7.04
3.93 4.71 5.50 6.28 7.07 7.85 8.64 9.42 10.21 11.00
5.65 6.79 7.92 9.05 10.18 11.31 12.44 13.57 14.70 15.83
7.70 9.24 10.78 12.32 13.85 15.39 16.93 18.47 20.01 21.55
10.05 12.06 14.07 16.08 18.10 20.11 22.12 24.13 26.14 28.15
12.72 15.27 17.81 20.36 22.90 25.45 27.99 30.54 33.08 35.63
15.71 18.85 21.99 25.13 28.27 31.42 34.56 37.70 40.84 43.98
19.01 22.81 26.61 30.41 34.21 38.01 41.81 45.62 49.42 53.22
24.54 29.45 34.36 39.27 44.18 49.09 54.00 58.90 63.81 68.72
30.79 36.95 43.10 49.26 55.42 61.58 67.73 73.89 80.05 86.21
40.21 48.25 56.30 64.34 72.38 80.42 88.47 96.51 104.55 112.59
50.89 61.07 71.25 81.43 91.61 101.79 111.97 122.15 132.32 142.50
62.83 75.40 87.96 100.53 113.10 125.66 138.23 150.80 163.36 175.93

P-M
Point P kN M3 kN-m 10000
1 8642.64 0
2 8642.64 365.557 8000
3 8023.207 612.8716
6647.156 769.8408 6000
4
Pu (kN)

5 5207.56 841.0681
4000
6 3626.38 835.0371
7 3217.428 886.2318 2000
8 2653.317 901.9525
0
9 1380.459 670.0437 0 100 200 300 400 500
10 15.014 357.9716
-2000
11 -1329.696 0
Mu (kN.m

P-M
Point P kN M3 kN-m
24078.5 0 30000
1
2 24078.5 1698.807 25000
3 22490.77 2841.188 20000
4 18765.96 3593.167
15000
5 14859.19 3973.096
Pu (kN)

6 10614.43 4029.643 10000

7 9474.749 4323.22 5000

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-5000

-10000
 15000

Pu (kN)
10000

5000
8 7868.836 4455.052
0
9 4514.354 3479.623 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-5000
10 635.7361 2009.159
11 -3831.408 0 -10000
Mu (kN.m

Point P kN M3 kN-m P-M

1 34744.27 0 40000
2 34744.27 2945.751 35000
3 32499.73 4921.256 30000
4 27156.53 6233.213 25000
20000
5 21558.97 6916.084

Pu (kN)
15000
6 15498.23 7056.18
10000
7 13810.87 7590.554
5000
8 11527.5 7851.55 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
9 6579.914 6152.087 -5000
10 1172.12 3697.493 -10000
11 -5655.168 0 Mu (kN.m
 8642.64 0
8642.64 365.557
8023.207 612.8716
6647.156 769.8408
5207.56 841.0681
3626.38 835.0371
3217.428 886.2318
2653.317 901.9525
1380.459 670.0437
15.014 357.9716
-1329.696 0

P kN M3 kN-m
24078.5 0
24078.5 1698.807
22490.77 2841.188
18765.96 3593.167
14859.19 3973.096
10614.43 4029.643
9474.749 4323.22
7868.836 4455.052
4514.354 3479.623
635.7361 2009.159
-3831.408 0

P kN M3 kN-m
34744.27 0
34744.27 2945.751
32499.73 4921.256
27156.53 6233.213
21558.97 6916.084
15498.23 7056.18
13810.87 7590.554
11527.5 7851.55
6579.914 6152.087
1172.12 3697.493
-5655.168 0
 Sections in cm2 , For a number of bars equal to :
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
4.24 4.52 4.81 5.09 5.37 5.65 5.94 6.22 6.50 6.79
7.54 8.04 8.55 9.05 9.55 10.05 10.56 11.06 11.56 12.06
11.78 12.57 13.35 14.14 14.92 15.71 16.49 17.28 18.06 18.85
16.96 18.10 19.23 20.36 21.49 22.62 23.75 24.88 26.01 27.14
23.09 24.63 26.17 27.71 29.25 30.79 32.33 33.87 35.41 36.95
30.16 32.17 34.18 36.19 38.20 40.21 42.22 44.23 46.24 48.25
38.17 40.72 43.26 45.80 48.35 50.89 53.44 55.98 58.53 61.07
47.12 50.27 53.41 56.55 59.69 62.83 65.97 69.12 72.26 75.40
57.02 60.82 64.62 68.42 72.23 76.03 79.83 83.63 87.43 91.23
73.63 78.54 83.45 88.36 93.27 98.17 103.08 107.99 112.90 117.81
92.36 98.52 104.68 110.84 116.99 123.15 129.31 135.47 141.62 147.78
120.64 128.68 136.72 144.76 152.81 160.85 168.89 176.93 184.98 193.02
152.68 162.86 173.04 183.22 193.40 203.58 213.75 223.93 234.11 244.29
188.50 201.06 213.63 226.19 238.76 251.33 263.89 276.46 289.03 301.59

P-M

00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Mu (kN.m)

P-M

00 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

00 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

Mu (kN.m)

P-M

000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

Mu (kN.m)
 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
7.07 7.35 7.63 7.92 8.20 8.48 8.77 9.05 9.33 9.61
12.57 13.07 13.57 14.07 14.58 15.08 15.58 16.08 16.59 17.09
19.63 20.42 21.21 21.99 22.78 23.56 24.35 25.13 25.92 26.70
28.27 29.41 30.54 31.67 32.80 33.93 35.06 36.19 37.32 38.45
38.48 40.02 41.56 43.10 44.64 46.18 47.72 49.26 50.80 52.34
50.27 52.28 54.29 56.30 58.31 60.32 62.33 64.34 66.35 68.36
63.62 66.16 68.71 71.25 73.80 76.34 78.89 81.43 83.97 86.52
78.54 81.68 84.82 87.96 91.11 94.25 97.39 100.53 103.67 106.81
95.03 98.83 102.64 106.44 110.24 114.04 117.84 121.64 125.44 129.25
122.72 127.63 132.54 137.44 142.35 147.26 152.17 157.08 161.99 166.90
153.94 160.10 166.25 172.41 178.57 184.73 190.88 197.04 203.20 209.36
201.06 209.10 217.15 225.19 233.23 241.27 249.32 257.36 265.40 273.44
254.47 264.65 274.83 285.01 295.18 305.36 315.54 325.72 335.90 346.08
314.16 326.73 339.29 351.86 364.42 376.99 389.56 402.12 414.69 427.26
 35 36 37 38 39
9.90 10.18 10.46 10.74 11.03
17.59 18.10 18.60 19.10 19.60
27.49 28.27 29.06 29.85 30.63
39.58 40.72 41.85 42.98 44.11
53.88 55.42 56.96 58.50 60.04
70.37 72.38 74.39 76.40 78.41
89.06 91.61 94.15 96.70 99.24
109.96 113.10 116.24 119.38 122.52
133.05 136.85 140.65 144.45 148.25
171.81 176.71 181.62 186.53 191.44
215.51 221.67 227.83 233.99 240.14
281.49 289.53 297.57 305.61 313.66
356.26 366.44 376.61 386.79 396.97
439.82 452.39 464.96 477.52 490.09