DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERISED RESULT

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(A case Study of Sure Foundation Polytechnic).

BY:

JUSTINA CLEMENT

SFP/2006/ND/CS/001

SUBMITTED TO:

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE,

SURE FOUNDATION POLYTECHNIC, IKOT AKAI, UKANAFUN IN

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARD
OFNATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN COMPUTER SCIENCE.

SEPTEMBER, 2019.
 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERISED RESULT
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(A case Study of Sure Foundation Polytechnic, Ikot Akai, Ukanafun).

APPROVAL PAGE

This is to certify that this project “DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF

A Computerised RESULT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (A case Study of
Sure Foundation Polytechnic).” was carried out by justina clement (reg_no) of
the Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences, Sure Foundation
Polytechnic, Ikot Akai in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Award of
National Diploma (ND) in Computer Science.

_____________________ _____________________
Mr. Udo-akaghaInyang Date
(Project Supervisor)

____________________ ____________________
Mr. Kenneth J. Udoh Date
(Head of Department)

___________________ ____________________
External Examiner Date
Dedication

This research work is dedicated to the lord God Almighty, the giver of wisdom,
knowledge and understanding for his guidance throughout my research and also
to my parent _________________ their sincere support and love towards my
academic and career.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, my sincere gratitude goes to the Almighty God the giver of life and
strength, for his love towards my life and my academics

My appreciation goes to my parents, ---------------- for their support, love and

for believing in me.

My gratitude also goes to my Pastors, ____________ for their effort, advice and
prayers which have sustained me till this point in my life.

Special thanks to my Avant-garde Head, Department of Computer Science for

his sincere doggedness towards my academic as well as the department of
computer Science. I also want to thank all my lecturers that have help to build
me in my field of study.

I would not forget to acknowledge my friends ______________ and may others

too numerous to mention for the knowledge the have impacted in me throughout
my stay in Sure Foundation Polytechnic

Finally, I have to add that I am accountable for any faulty ideas contained in this
report.
 ABSTRACT

This project, Computerised Results Management System (SRMS) was carried

out to automate the manual processes of compiling Students Examination
Results. It was necessitated because of some setbacks in manual result
processing. The system was designed to automatically take raw scores from
excel files and store them in a database. It used past processed results to help the
next course registration prior to results upload. Its result processing features
includes the computation of grade point average (GPA), generation of result
reporting sheets and transcripts. Every session, it keeps track of student's status
information as recorded in the student files, specifying if a student is legitimate.
The database also holds the lists of admitted students each year and records
their school fees payment status. The software engineering was done with the
Incremental model using an object-oriented programming approach. Raw data
input to the SRMIS is one of the most cumbersome tasks. A computerized input
using file upload saves lecturers a lot of effort and time of data entry. This
system uses the student's course registration data to match the uploaded results.
The essence is to design an efficient computerized system that will replace
manual result processing which is prone to lot of paper work and errors. This
reduces the tedious tasks involved, and enhances students' performance through
timely publication of results.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Cover Page
II. Approval Page
III. Dedication
IV. Acknowledgement
V. Abstract
VI. Table of Contents

Chapter One:

1.1. Introduction - - - - - - 1
1.2. Statement of problems - - - - - - 2
1.3. Aims of the study - - - - - - 2
1.4. Objective of the Study - - - - - - 2
1.5. Significance of the study - - - - - - 2
1.6. Scope of the study - - - - - - 3
1.7. Organization of the research - - - - - - 3
1.8. Definitions of terms - - - - - - 3

Chapter Two: Literature review

2.0. Theoretical Background - - - - - - 4

2.1. How to open a small restaurant - - - - - - 4
2.2. Basic areas to understand before opening the doors - - 5
2.3. Five compulsory thing a restaurant must have - - 7

CHAPTER ONE
 INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This chapter introduces the research work, it talks about the statement of results,
the aim of the study, the objective of the study, the significance of the study, the
scope of the study, the organization of the research work and also definition of
terms.

1.1 Statement of the problems

Various problems have been encountered in the manual system or physical

processes of operations in any organization or company. a number of problems
associated with student academic record management include;

 improper course registration,

 late release of student results,
 Inaccuracy due to manual and tedious calculation and retrieval
difficulties/inefficiency.

1.2 Aim of the study

The major aim of this research is to develop an automated SRMIS that can save
the time involved in result processing, that is, CGPA computation in Sure
Foundation Polytechnic. This will permit easy and fast access to student
information especially results and student status from a normalized database.
When running in a network server, this can guide students during their program
in the institution via computerized course registration with wireless devices. It
can enable the enforcement of security measures through the allocation of
access privileges; and check mischievous acts of mutilating scores on the result
sheet.

1.3 Objective of the Study

Its objectives are summarized as follows:

 To design a system that will improve the integrity of result processing.

Hence, improving the operations and manipulations.
 To design a system to digitalize the method or result processing
 To design systems that will enable students access their results from remote
location without going to the notice board.

1.4 Significance of the study

The important of this research work can be summarized as follows;

 It will make result calculations more accurate and efficient.

 Retrieval of result also easy as well as course registration.


1.5 Scope of the study

This research focuses on designing a result management system a case study of

sure foundation polytechnic.

1.6 Organization of the research

The research project is in the following order;

 Chapter one focuses on the introduction, theoretical background, statement

of problem, objectives of the study, significant of the study, scope of the
study, organization of the research and definition of term.
 Chapter two is on the review of the related literature on the subject of the
matter.
 Chapter three explains the system analysis and design, research
methodology, system design, input format, program flowchart and output
format.
 Chapter four explains system implementation and documentation, choice of
programming language, analysis of modules, programming environment, and
system implementation.
 Chapter five focuses on the constraint/limitation, summary, conclusion and
recommendation.
1.7 Definition of terms

Result:

Management:

System:

Application:

CHAPTER TWO
 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0. INTRODUCTION

This chapter is concerned with the literature review, the contributions of other
researchers on the subject is examined. It looks at the following sub-heads:

1. Theoretical Background
2. Web-based Applications concept

2.1 Theoretical Background

Generating and organizing data in a useful way is called data processing

(Royce, 1970). Ukem (2012) stated that the errors associated with the existing
manual method of processing of students results in most Polytechnics in
Nigeria, make it not only desirable but imperative that computerized approach
be used in measuring students progress. According to him, the manual methods
being employed suffer a number of setbacks; they make the process to be time
consuming and prone to error. They lead to examination results being published
late, sometimes with wrong grades being entered and students GPAs being
wrongly computed. This could lead to wrong conclusions in the awarding of
class of degree. The solution to the problem, therefore, is to find a method of
processing examination results that would be sufficiently accurate and
reasonably timely. Welling (2007) stated that the principal means of inputting
data to a computer system was on punch cards – the so called IBM cards that a
generation of college students were admonished never to fold, spindle or
mutilate.

Oxford dictionary defines data as “facts and statistics collected together for
reference or analysis.” Vossen (1991) in her book stated that, "in computing,
data is raw facts that has to be translated into a form that is more convenient to
move or process. Relative to today's computers and transmission media, data is
information converted into binary digital form ". Mitra (2011) stated that the
terms data, information and knowledge are frequently used for overlapping
concepts. Beizer (1990) asserted that data is information, often in the form of
facts or figure obtained from experiments and surveys, used as a basis for
making calculations or drawing conclusion.

According to Juan (2004), data entry is the act of transcribing some form of
information into another medium, usually through input into a computer
program. Forms of data that people might transcribe include handwritten
documents, information on spreadsheets, sequences of numbers, as well as
computer code. Data entry requires hardware, and the proper design of input
devices has received considerable attention, including concern for
standardization of keyboard layouts. With regard to minimizing input actions,
one guideline might be that a user should not have to enter the same data twice;
even if it is sometimes forgotten. Quinn (2004) stated that the term Data Pipe-
lining refers to the logistical problem of ensuring that the required data are at
the required location at the right time.

According to a research article by Walia and Gill (2014), the objectives of

creating a web-based framework for results processing are to abate the time
needed to access students’ record and provide a more secure platform. Over
time, this has proven to be a more effective way of School administration.

Based on the Guidelines for the Appraisal and Disposition of Student Records
(2013), it requires that since this SRMIS contains some automatic deletion
functionality, an archivist, administrator or competent specialist should be
consulted before such actions are taken. Since these student records contains
sensitive data such as academic performance, identification information, health
and ethnic data, gender, religious and political data, some retention periods may
be required – at least five years after graduation. It is expected that access to the
data of living students and alumni should be with the permission of the affected
persons and under certain conditions; and may not warrant to the disclosure of
identity especially for research purposes. It is advisable that such records should
be retained long enough to satisfy the needs such as statistical analysis for
decision making, and legal interests of the institution. This publication also
stated that when appraising students’ records, instead of total destruction of
data, copies can be backed-up in lower cost formats. To save cost of
maintenance, after appraisal, data with no archival value can be disposed after
legal retention periods in accordance with the legislature guiding data
protection. Documentation should also keep details of disposed data.

2.2 WEB-BASED APPLICATIONS CONCEPT

According to Parry, E. (2009), in computing an application or web app is a
client- server software application which the client (or user interface) runs in a
web browser. Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers
and the convenience of using a web browser as a client to update and maintain
web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially
thousands of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the
inherent support for cross- platform compatibility.

Today, the development of web based applications are also known as cloud
computing. Common web applications include webmail, online retail sales,
online auctions, wikis, instant messaging services and many other functions
such as a web based employee record management system that can be used to
manage the records of employee information online.

Web applications use web documents written in a standard format such as

HTML and Java script which are supported by a variety of web browsers. Web
applications can be considered as a specific variant of client-server software
where the client software is downloaded to the client machine when visiting the
relevant web page, using standard procedures such as HTML. Client web
software updates may happen each time the web page is visited. During the
season, the web browser interprets and displays the pages and acts as the
universal client for any web application.

In the early day of the web, each individual web page was delivered to the client
as a static document but the sequence of pages could still provide an interactive
experience as user input was returned through web form elements embedded in
the page mark-up. However, every significant change to the web page required
a round trip back to the server to refresh the entire page. In 1995, Netscape
introduced a client-side scripting language called Java script allowing
programmers to add some dynamic elements to the user interface that ran on the
client side. So instead of sending data to the server in order to generate ran
entire web page, the embedded scripts of the downloaded page can perform
various tasks such as input validation or showing/hiding parts of the page.

Web applications are usually broken into logical chunks called ‘tiers’, where
every tier is assigned a role. Traditional applications consist only of 1 tier,
which resides on the client machine, but web applications lend themselves to an
n-tiered approach by nature. Though many variations are possible, the most
common structure is the three-tiered application. In its most common form, the
three tiers are called presentation, application and storage. A web browser is the
first tier (presentation), an engine using some dynamic web content technology
(such as ASP, CGL, Cold Fusion, Dart, JSP/Java, Node. Js, Python or Ruby on
Rails, PHP etc) is the middle tier (application logic) and a data base is the third
tier (storage). The web browser sends requests to the middle tier which services
them by making queries and updates against the data base and generates a user
interface.

An emerging strategy for application software companies is to provide web

access to software previously distributed as local applications. Depending on
the type of software (application), it may require the development of an entirely
different browser-based interface or merely adapting an existing application to
use different presentation technology. These programs allow the user to pay a
monthly or yearly fee for use of a software application without having to install
it on a logical hard drive. A company which follows this strategy is known as an
application service provider (ASP) and ASPs are currently receiving much
attention in the software industry.

Security breaches on these kinds of applications are a major concern because it

can involve both enterprise information and private customer data protecting
these assets is an important part of any web application and there are some key
operational areas that must be included in the development process. This
includes processes for authentication, authorization, asset handling, input and
cogging and auditing. Building security into the applications from the beginning
can be more effective and less descriptive in the long run.