2

it is unjustified for sb to do sth

doing sth makes no sense

sb should be allowed to do sth

It isunreasonablefortheschoolto stopchildrenfromeating junkfood

unreasonable不 合理的 Stopsfromdoingsth阻⽌某⼈ 做斟 junkfood垃圾
⻝品
2
服务
社区
It isunjustifiedforghee toforcestudents to participateparticipate
讥 communitysenna
合理的 fan
⼒量武器
Unjustified a不
⽆
公正
正当
的不
理由 的 ⽐ 强迫 强加 参加 鑫
2 A B

overly value one above the other

complement one another

个⼈ 的
个别的
make sth into a black and white issue

n 介⼼⼲涉 ⼲说 adj n个⼈

加
主语
p
熊
3

and
f gegen 囖 照篵补充 宾语
in hs
rent deny ⽐⽐ ⽐讥 参与
another
of
Government
comptes
渗加 in terms
environments
a 梁柱 川 仙 谁 of
4 ⼀
就 ⽽亡 在
universitiesshouldnot overlyOrange practical subjects在⼀⽅⾯ practical a实际的
实⽤性 有价值重要性
Subjects Value u 价值价格
器鿊
不 5
㔃
冀晶 , Emphasize v强调 着重
weshouldnotmakethis into a black andwrote issue
⼀ ⼏问题发⾏
物
Tequagiitant.hu使 转变为
Moneyandfriendship v ⾏发布
发出

3 A B

1
 A cause damage to B

A can be damaging to B

A negatively influence B

A influence B in a negative way

be damaging to eyesight
fan
6

sitting in fontof a screen for too long can case damage to eyesign
I negatively influence a personeyesight
4 ...... fagged genes eyesight in a negative
pay attention to way
attach importance to

place emphasis on

companies in recent years paymore denton to socialskillsandqualifications

n资格合格
证书

o o
5 make sb do sth

help sb (to) do sth

enable/allow sb to do sth
“sb”

_o
“sb” o
o
cause sb to do sth “sb”

happen”
encourage sb to do sth
here li “make sth more likely to

lead sb to do sth

make it easy/difficult for sb to do sth /

Punishment makespagedrivemorecarefully
9

Whenproducersinvitefamouspeopletoendorsetheirproducts 2 者
producer n ⽣产 endorse
使⽤并赞成
U 在⼴告上说本⼈
hisencourageconsumerstoassociatetheirbrandswitha higherstatus invite V邀请招待
某产品
 access to 获得
get
学习或研究的领域
field n
Theinternethelps
10

a person
geeeehnatninalmntamgfeu
11 任何领域
Consumers tend to the products to one whichleadto in
by
nsumersgtobngthesepnoduustogeeneokggiwh.in
12
cause get themtowastemoney
inhyuk
wastemoney
认同感 indairyme
Alongtermoflosing wn cause you tolosehope
A
longperiod of
unemployment causepeople to losehope

4
13
a senseof culture identity
Following traditionserhtoyoungp.pe todevelop
14
Themen
g attention to ngatwes.usmy causepeople to worryaboutthe safe in surroundingswhen
theywe
15
后以
䲜 檾 藏 惭 仳仳 tadinnned getinvolved
䲜 的 16 local community an
them to move to other
unemploymentmay cause
counties in get involved in
search bettercareers of
17
涉及卷⼊
long aloneenablepeoplecan live by their wuling
enable a person to me their own rules
alone
ng 18 by
hedetaudesannofwunegaug.ie to add T⽐
ang
毕 能 ⼀ 意𨰻9簡
The
expy of
description crimesallowspapato add
19
an特别的
以额外的事物 䑀 另外
h保卫保护
a额外的另收费的
6 benefits of sth outweigh drawbacks 特⼤的

drawbacks of sth are outweighed by benefits

20

The benefit
ofvihgsfoutwegh.tk drawbacks

7 do more good than harm

more good than harm is done

21

domoregoodthanharm3
Scientistswho totheSouthPole
go
thanharmisdonewhen scientists
Moregood
go tothesouthPole
be dwarfed by

risks of space exploring are dwarfed by the benefits.

Er
be eclipsed by /ɪˈklɪps/

The space programme has been eclipsed by other pressing needs.

8 “ ”

play a vital role in

have a crucial role to play in

form an important part of

.... has a direct relationship with

A B contribute to

B A B lies in A

A is the basic precondition for B

A B We need to get... before ...

A B It is hard to get ..., if ...

22 Salaries
pay
a vital
23
role in
4
job satisfaction
9
As such
This means
That is why
It comes as no surprise that/ It is no surprise that
It is little wonder that
There is a risk that/There is a danger that

24 ,
As such

This means

That is why

It comes as no surprise that/ It is no surprise that

It is little wonder that

There is a definite risk that/There is a danger that

Discuss both
1 There is an ongoing debate about...
2 People have differing views with regard to...

5
3 Whether or not owing multiple toys is a good thing for the child is a moot point.
4 Whether the government should restrict the contents about violence and pornography in the
television is a matter of some dispute.
5 Discussions continue about the appropriateness of that leniency every time a horrible crime is
committed by a teenager.

1 I am firmly in the camp of the people who think junk food should be banned in school.

2 Using animals as testing materials is incontrovertibly reasonable.

incontrovertibly reasonable
3) I have no truck with the people who think junk food should be banned in school.
have no truck with:
4) This practice/idea is frowned upon by many people.frown be frown up
5 I am on board with the opinion that junk food should not be banned in school.
be on board

The aforementioned arguments cannot negate the fact that junk food is irresistible to children.

Media violence is only one of many risk factors for later violent behavior. Furthermore, extremely
violent behavior never occurs when there is only one risk factor present.

The cases mentioned above are few and far between( ).

1. “ ...... ”
take responsibility for

6
 be held responsible for
be responsible for
be to blame for
Developed countries should take responsibility for the climate change.
Developed countries should be held responsible for the climate change.
Developed countries should be responsible for the climate change.
Developed countries should be to blame for the climate change.

the development of sth

the march of sth
the relentless march of technology.
Society's march toward ever-increasing materialism was continuing.

local people
stakeholders
stakeholders in local areas
Citizens should be stakeholders in the society they live in.

be loath to do sth
be unwilling to do sth

I’m loath /ləʊθ/ to admit it

I am unwilling to do sth

consequence/result
ramification
implications

Present-day global warming will also have severe ramifications for life on the planet.
There are big implications for ecosystems.

7
ameliorate /ə'miːlɪəreɪt/
mitigate the effects:

what can be done to ameliorate the situation.

always
invariably
This is not invariably the case.

stress/pressure
emotional strain

pile on the pressure

lack of sth
deprivation:

Sleep deprivation

down the line/In the future:

In the future. If you don't do your homework now, it'll be a problem down the line when you
don't know the material for the exam.

organism
living creature

An organism can feel stuff.

Alaskan Eskimos believe that every living creature possesses a spirit.

force sb to do sth
compel sb to do sth

8
oblige sb to do sth
make sth a requirement make sth compulsory
sth is made compulsory

advantaged students
competitive advantage
competitive edge
the odds are in his favor
be loaded in favor of sb
give sb an advantage

poorer school performance

be moved down a table for maths

challenges, setbacks, rethinks and even disasters