SEQUENTIAL REACTION

In these type of reactions, the reaction occur in more than one step such
that atleast one of the product of each step is the reactant in next step.

Initial reactant

A + 2B 2C + 3D

2D E + 5F

3F 2G + 4H

Final product
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE A + B ⎯→ 4C + D
(excess)
C ⎯⎯→ 2E
If in the above reaction 2 moles of A are taken initially, find moles of ‘E’
produced.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : 16
EXAMPLE 2A + 3B ⎯→ 4C + D
(excess)
8C ⎯⎯→ 2E
If in the above reaction 4 moles of ‘A’ are initially taken, find moles of ‘E’
are produced.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : 2
EXAMPLE 2A + 3B ⎯→ 4C + D
(excess)
3C ⎯⎯→ 2E
If in the above reaction 6 moles of ‘E’ are produced, find moles of 'A’
initially taken.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : 4.5
EXAMPLE How many grams H2SO4 can be obtained from 1320 gm PbS as per
reaction sequence ?
2PbS + 3O2 ⎯⎯→ 2PbO + 2SO2
3SO2 + 2HNO3 + 2H2O ⎯→ 3H2SO4 + 2NO
[At. mass : Pb = 208, S = 32]

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : 539 gm
EXAMPLE KClO4 can be prepared by Cl2 and KOH by a series of reactions as given
below.
Cl2 + 2KOH ⎯→ KCl + KClO + H2O
2KClO ⎯→ 2KCl + KClO3
4KClO3 ⎯→ 3KClO4 + KCl
(1) Calculate mass in gm of Cl2 required to produce 1385 gm KClO4

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : 2840 gm
EXAMPLE (2) Calculate the total mass of KCl produced is 1st, 2nd & 3rd reaction.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : 5212 gm
EXAMPLE NaBr, used to produce AgBr for use in photography can be self prepared
as follows :
Fe + Br2 → FeBr2 ....(i)
3FeBr2 + Br2 → Fe3Br8 ....(ii)
Fe3Br8 + 4Na2CO3 → 8NaBr + 4CO2 + Fe3O4 ....(iii)
(At. mass : Fe = 56, Br = 80)
If the yield of (ii) is 60% & (iii) reaction is 70% then mass of iron
required to produce 2.06 × 103 kg NaBr
(A) 105 kg (B) 105 gm (C) 103 kg (D) None

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
Ans : C
EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULA
Empirical formula

Formula which represents the constituent atoms in their simplest ratio.

Molecular formula

Formula which represents the actual number of atoms in one molecule

of the compound.

The molecular formula is generally an integral multiple of the

empirical formula.
EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULA

Molecular formula = n× Empirical formula

Compound Molecular formula Empirical formula

Formaldehyde CH2O CH2O

Acetic acid C2H4O2 CH2O

Glucose C6H12O6 CH2O

EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULA

Determination of empirical formula

To determine the empirical formula following steps should be followed :

(1) First of all find the % by wt. of each element present in the
compound.

(2) The % by wt. of each element is divided by its atomic weight. It gives
mole ratio of elements present in the compounds.

(3) If the number of moles of atom are not in simplest whole number
ratio the divide or multiply with a suitable constant, so as to obtain
simplest ratio.

(4) Write the Empirical formula as we get the simplest ratio of atoms.
EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULA
Determination of empirical formula

To determine the empirical formula following steps should be followed :

(1) First of all find the % by wt. of each element present in the compound.

Compound C O H
Mass % 54 40 6

(2) The % by wt. of each element is divided by its atomic weight. It gives
mole ratio of elements present in the compounds.

Mole % 54/12 = 4.5 40/16 = 2.5 6/1 = 6

EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULA

(3) If the number of moles of atom are not in simplest whole number
ratio the divide or multiply with a suitable constant, so as to obtain
simplest ratio.

Mole % 4.5 × 2 =9 2.5 × 2 =5 6 × 2 = 12

(4) Empirical formula is C9O5H12

EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE An organic compound contains 49.3% carbon, 6.84% hydrogen and its
vapour density is 73. Molecular formula of compound is :-

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : C6H10O4
EXAMPLE A moth repellent has the composition 49% C, 2.7% H and 48.3% Cl. Its
molecular weight is 147 gm. Determine its molecular formula.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : C6H4Cl2
EXAMPLE A polystyrene of formula Br3C6H2(C8H8)n was prepared by heating
styrene with tribromo benzyl peroxide in the absence of air. It was
found to contain 10.48% bromine by weight. Find the value of n.

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : 19
EXAMPLE The empirical formula of a compounds is CH2O. 0.25 mole of this
compound contains 1 gm hydrogen. The molecular formula of
compound is -

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

Ans : C2H4O2
 Home Work
Mole Concept LEC (22nd July 2022)

Read Mole Concept sheet from page 31-33

Also practice illustrations given on these pages.

Solve DPP-05 : Complete

Solve: Exercise 1 (JEE Main Pattern) : Section A : None

Section B : 23
Exercise 2 (JEE Main PYQs) : None
Exercise 3 (JEE Advanced Pattern) : None
Exercise 4 (JEE Advanced PYQs) : Q 11

Read NCERT from page : None

NCERT- Solve In Text Questions : None

Exercises Questions : None