Circuit Analysis (EE-126)

Dr. Beenish Sultana

Assistant Professor EED
beenish@neduet.edu.pk

Live session:
Mondays 12:00-12:45pm
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 Lecture
No.3
week 5

Driven RL & RC
Circuits
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 Outline
Basic Electric
Circuits

First Order Second Order

Circuits Circuits

RL Circuits RC Circuits RLC Circuits

Source Free Driven Source Free Driven

Circuits Circuits Circuits Circuits

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 Exercise Problems
Circuit 1

Solution:
iL(0) and iL(∞)
are computed
when inductor is
connected with
source for a long
time and is thus
shortened
4
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Hence;

Now

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Solving equations 1 and 2 simultaneously:

Where;

Now we need to compute Rth or Req:

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Finally,

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Derivation of Response
for Driven RC circuits
We assume an initial voltage V0 on the capacitor

Since the voltage of a capacitor cannot change instantaneously

Applying KCL, we have

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If v is the voltage across the capacitor then we have
𝑖𝑐 − 𝑖 𝑅 = 0 …..Eq (1)

…..Eq (2)

For t > 0

…..Eq (3)

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 …..Eq (4)

Integrating both sides and introducing the initial conditions

…..Eq (5)
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Taking the exponential of both sides

…..Eq (6)

Thus,

This is known as the complete response of the RC

circuit to a sudden application of a dc voltage source,
assuming the capacitor is initially charged.
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If the capacitor is uncharged initially, then

This is known as the complete response of the RC

circuit to a sudden application of a dc voltage source,
assuming the capacitor is initially NOT charged.

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Since the complete response of the circuit is the sum of
the natural response and the forced response. Therefore,
the voltage response can also be written as:
…..Eq (7)

where v(0) is the initial voltage at t = 0+ and v(∞) is the

final or steady state value. Thus, to find the step response
of an RC circuit requires three things:

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If the switch changes position at time t = t0 instead of
at t = 0 then:

…..Eq (8)

Where v(t0) is the initial value at t = t0

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Figure (a) Voltage response of an Figure (b)Voltage response of an
RC circuit with initially charged RC circuit with initially uncharged
capacitor. capacitor

Figure (c) Current response of an

RC circuit
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 Exercise Problems
Circuit 1
The switch has been closed for a long time and is opened at t = 0.
Find i and v for all time.

Solution:

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From circuit (a) we obtain

Now for t > 0

To obtain v(∞) , the circuit reaches

steady state and the capacitor acts
like an open circuit again.

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Using VDR

The equivalent resistance at the capacitor terminals is

Now the time constant

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Thus,

Now computing current i:

For all time;

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Voltage response :

Current response :

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Adjust the value of voltage sources and capacitor in figure (a) to
obtain graph shown

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Thankyou

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