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Srglnlafabnb
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ASK AE AK
AK\
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t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
a g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg Fkhnf s t
r
k n
s b
k t
k
e i
b
k a
e
n
t
k a
g h
p g
s
x k
b
k a
b
f
k a Ukvkrabnb \akshg \akshg Uahiaoaentavg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
S k g k
k u r t
e e
a K a e l
a n
p s b n k \
b x S a
x p
i n f
b n
b l
i g
k K k A A
e
a b K k r
E e
a S
b k
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
Lakikstnr _kfn pgr kf lakikstnr bk Grakitneagi n fgs Bavasagi bk ndlakitks @krabns Egitrgfks bk aihkiakrän (egistrueeaõi bk
[iavkrsatnrag fgs kstubanitks. kstubanitks. egi vabrags puizgegrtnitks
< 5 < < 1 < >0 AD UA ui iukvg ndlakitk )
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
s s a g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg r n
k t
k
b t
k i
k a
b e
g g
p h
k b
a
b f
\akshg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
Fkhnf s e n
t x s a Ukvkrabnb \akshg Uahiaoaentavg
S
k u
k g t
r k
s a
k a
e e K a
k a
k l
e n
p
b x S a b n k \ b l
k K x p
i n b f i g
e
a
k
b K
A k n
A r
E
e
a S
b k
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
BU. 3;3-<3><- R\ .
\kekpeaõi bk bgeudkitgs Ainbkeunbn ulaeneaõi `krabns puisg Fky Egitrgfks bk aihkiakrän (rkulaeneaõi bkf
Dksn bk pnrtks y egitrgf bk nsastkiean bk egitrgf bk nsastkiean pgrquk kstî n fnbg bk egrtnitks pgr fn I³ <1805 fky bk > 5 5 5 >3 5 53 AR UA pkrsginf ki ui fuhnr bgibk `nyn
bgekitks y kstubanitks. uin pukrtn bk vabrag. prkskiean bk tamkrns skhurabnb y snfub ki kf
trnlnmg. rkshunrbg bk skhurabnb)
Kitabnb/Aistatueagi=
Kitabnb/Aistatueagi= [iavkrsabnb Sravnbn Uni Enrfgs - Suig Snrtaeapnitks ¨¨ Muni
DaftgiEnrfgs
OfgrksEusa
^uaspk
Nrasnen
¨ Dniukf Mksus E`gquk Rufn
¨ Sntraean Unfnznr Qniqua
Srglnlafabnb
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ASK AE AK
AK\
\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
g s d i a
s b
g n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg \kquasatg
Fkhnf s t
r
k n
s a
b s
k
k t k a
b e
n g h
p g
s k f
b b
a Aibaek bk \akshg Iavkf
Ukvkrabnb \akshgbk Uahiaoaentavg
\akshg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
S k e i t
k a x k k a
k u g k e e K a e l
r t
s a
k \
a n
b p
x S a b n
p f b l
k K x i n b n i g
k A k A r
e
a b K E e S
b k a
i e
a b
A i
b A
i
A
Enrpktns egi baskþgs Bnþgs n fn efudin Fky I³ <1805 Fky bk E`nrfns bk Ukhurabnb geupneaginf banrans
ig nprgpanbgs. vkrtklrnf. Ukhurabnb y Unfub ki 5 5 < 5 >> 5 55 AR UA `nean fns pkrsgins kxpukstns.
Bksnrrgffg bk efnsks bk kf Rrnlnmg
Nufns
"N" SAUG AAA baokrkitks Baetnbg bk efnsks Ainbkeunbn ulaeneaõi Kstrás y egfnpsg bk • B.U I³ 33;-><-R\=
Nenbkdaens Enpneatneagi bk skhurabnb kfketraen pnrn
enrrkrns prgoksaginfks bk skþnfks bk pkrsgins kitk \khfndkitg bk fn Fky < 5 5 5 >> < << AD UA
bk Ukhurabnb y Unfub kvatnr fksagiks bk bk rakshg kfketraeg.
skhurabnb. kdkrhkieans.
Kitabnb/Aistatueagi=
Kitabnb/Aistatueagi= [iavkrsabnb Sravnbn Uni Enrfgs - Suig ¨¨ Dniukf
Muni Enrfgs
MksusEusa Nrasnen
E`gquk Rufn
¨ Sntraean Unfnznr Qniqua
Srglnlafabnb
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ASK ASK
ASK AE AK
AK\
\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
a g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg s
r n
k t
k
b t
k i
k a
b e
g g
p h
k b
a
b f
\akshg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
Fkhnf s
S k e n
k t s
x k k a Ukvkrabnb \akshg Uahiaoaentavg
k u
p g t
r k
s a
e a
e
n K
k a
\ a
e l
n
b x S a
x
b
p
i n b f
b l
i g
k K
e
a
k
b K
A k n A r
E
e
a S
b k
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
Ainbkeubn skþnfazneagi
^ukdnburns bk Enpneatneagi k adpfkdktneagi bk fns
bk aisntfneagiks 5 < < > 0 < >? AD UA
pradkr hrnbg skþnfks bk skhurabnb egitrn sasdgs.
kfketraens.
Srglnlafabnb
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ASK AE AK\ AS
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t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s d i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg Fkhnf s t
r
k n
s a
b s
k
k t
e i
k a
b e
n
t
k a
g h
p g
s
x k
k f
b b
a
k a
Ukvkrabnb \akshg \akshg Uahiaoaentavg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
S k g k
k u r t
e e
a K a e l
a n
p s b n k \
b x S a
x p
i n f
b n
b l
i g
k K k A A
e
a b K k r
E e
a S
b k
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
Rrnsfnbg bk tkxtgs Ainbkeunbn aistnfneagi hgfpks pgr enabn bk Enpneatneagi ki bksnrrgffg fnlgrnf
5 < < 5 >3 < <3 AD UA
bksbk fgs kstnitks. bk kstnitks tkxtgs . koaeakitks y prkvkieagi bk kstrás.
Fky I³ <1805 Fky bk
fadpakzn g Ukhurabnb y Unfub ki
Srgpgreaginr Rkxtgs bk pgfvg hkirnbg pgr fn Bnþgs nf sastkdn [sg bk dglafanrag bk trnlnmg
kf Rrnlnmg 5 5 < 5 >> 5 55 AR UA
fns baokrkitks dntkrans. Q dnitkiadakitg bk fadpakzn. rsparntgrag skvkrns skdakrhgiõdaeg
"N" SAUG AAA LALFAGRKEN tkxtgs. • B.U I³ 33;-><-R\=
lraibnr skrvaeags bk
\khfndkitg bk fn Fky
aitkrikt.
bk Ukhurabnb y Unfub
Egikxagikks ki kf Rrnlnmg
ainbkeunbn aistnfneagi egrtks eareuatgs E`nrfns bk Ukhurabnb y snfub geupneaginf
kfketraens pnrn 5 5 5 5 >< 5 5? AR UA
kquapgs bk egdputg. bkf sastkdn kfketraeg . kfketraegs (aiekibag) banrans y usg bk kxtaitgrks.
Enrpktns egi baskþgs Bnþgs n fn efudin Fky I³ <1805 Fky bk 5 5 5 5 >< < <2 AD UA endlag bk enrpktns bk dnbkrn .
ig nprgpanbgs. vkrtklrnf. Ukhurabnb y Unfub ki
Bksnrrgffg bk efnsks bk kf Rrnlnmg
Nufns
baokrkitks Baetnbg bk efnsks • B.U I³ 33;-><-R\=
Nenbkdaens Ainbkeunbn ulaeneaõi Kstrás y egfnpsg bk
enrrkrns prgoksaginfks \khfndkitg bk fn Fky adpfkdkitneagi bk skþnfks bk skhurabn ki
bk skþnfks bk pkrsgins kitk
bk Ukhurabnb y Unfub
< < > 5 0 5 <2 AD UA
puitgs vasalfks , nprgpanbgs
nprgpanbgs
skhurabnb. kdkrhkieans.
ki kf Rrnlnmg
"N" SAUG A_
Ainbkeubn skþnfazneagi
^ukdnburns bk aistnfneagi bk skþnfks aiogrdntavns y
bk aisntfneagiks < < > 5 0 < >? D UA
pradkr hrnbg prkvkitavns bk aistnfneagiks
aistnfneagiks kfketraens
kfketraens.
Srglnlafabnb
ASK
ASK ASK
ASK AE AK
AK\
\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
s s a g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg r n
k t
k
b t
k i
k a
b e
g g
p h
k b
a
b f
\akshg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
Fkhnf s e n
t x s a Ukvkrabnb \akshg Uahiaoaentavg
S
k u
k g t
r k
s a
k a
e e K a
k a
k l
e n
p
b x S a b n k \ b l
k K x p
i n b f i g
e
a
k
b K
A k n
A r
E
e
a S
b k
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
gggh
hn Aiokeeagi bk • . - - =
Oasaeg _kraoaeneagi bk fn Lagfghaen , \khfndkitg bk fn Fky
Kiokrdkran Bkrrndndakitg bk bk Ukhurabnb y Unfub Enpneatneagi nf pkrsginf ki kf dnikmg bk
enbkin bk eustgban y egitndaineagi bkf 5 5 5 5 >< < <2 AD UA
dukstrn lagfghaen ki kf Rrnlnmg dukstrns
dukstrns ndlakitk , pkrbabn
bk dukstrn
Srglnlafabnb
ASK ASK AE AK
AK\
\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s a
d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
s g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg Fkhnf r t
k n
s k t
b
S k e
k
i
b
k a
e
n
t
k a
g h
p g
s
x k
b
k a
b
f
k a Ukvkrabnb \akshg \akshg Uahiaoaentavg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
k u g k e e K a e l
r t
p S s a
k \
a n
b x a b n f b l
k K k x p
i n b n i g
e b K A k A r
a E e S
b k a
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
Srglnlafabnb
ASK
ASK ASK
ASK AE AK
AK\
\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
a g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg s
r n
k t
k
b t
k i
k a
b e
g g
p h
k b
a
b f
\akshg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
Fkhnf s
S k e n
k t
s
x k k a Ukvkrabnb \akshg Uahiaoaentavg
k u
p g t
r k
s a
b e
e a
n K
k a
\ a
e l
n
b x S a
x p
i n b f
b l
i g
k K
e
a
k
b K
A k n A r
E e
a S
b k
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
Bksaiokeeagi bk Sgsalafabnbks bk
Dnitkikr vkitafnbg kf fuhnr kf dnygr
F adpakzn bk Fnlgrntgrag kquapgs bk egitrnkr kiokrdkbnbks Bnþgs n fn snfub. > < < 5 0 > 0 RG UA takdpg pgsalfk y utafazneagi bk KSS.
fnlgrntgrag. rksparntgrans.
Srglnlafabnb
ASK
ASK ASK
ASK AE AK\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
a g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg Fkhnf s t
r
k n
s
S k
b
k t
k
e i
b
k a
e
n
t
k a
g h
p g
s
x k
b
k a
b
f
k a Ukvkrabnb \akshg \akshg Uahiaoaentavg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
k u g k e e K a e l
p r t
s a
k \
a n
b x S a b n f b l
k K x p
i n b n i g
k A k A r
e
a b K E e S
b k a
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
Ainbkeubn skþnfazneagi
bk aisntfneagiks ^ukdnburns bk < > < < 8 < >2 D UA Enpneatneagi k adpfkdktneagi bk fns
pradkr hrnbg skþnfks bk skhurabnb egitrn sasdgs.
kfketraens.
Ukerktnran
Aiogrdneaõi bk eursgs bk aiserapeagiks y sglrkenrhns
Ekitrg bk
aihfks snenbg bk egpans .
kquapgs bk ogtgegpan
kfketraens
> 5 5 < 1 < >0 AD UA aistnfneagi bk enmns nitae`aspns.
Abagdns BU. 3;3-<3><- R\ .
Fky
Sasg ki egibaeagiks Enabn n iavkf egi I³ <1805 fky bk kquapndakitg bk dglafanrags
skhurabnb y snfub
snfub ki kf > 5 5 < 1 < >0 AD UA
ainbkeunbns (Fasg). fksagiks skvkrns skdakrhgigdaegs
trnlnmg. \.D I³ 58;-
"L"
<330-R\ Igrdn
Enrpktns egi baskþgs Bnþgs n fn efudin Lîsaen bk Krhgigdän y Enpneatneagi k adpfkdktneagi bk fns
bk prgekbadakitgs bk > 5 5 < 1 < >0 AD UA
ig nprgpanbgs. vkrtklrnf. skþnfks bk skhurabnb (rakshgs kfketraegs).
Kvnfuneaõi bk rakshgs
Bksnrrgffg bk efnsks bk Baskrhgigdaeg
Nufns
baokrkitks Baetnbg bk efnsks Ainbkeunbn ulaeneaõi Kstrás y egfnpsg bk
Nenbkdaens
enrrkrns prgoksaginfks bk skþnfks bk pkrsgins kitk > 5 5 < 1 < >0 AD UA kquapndakitg egi enfkonetgr
skhurabnb. kdkrhkieans.
Srglnlafabnb
ASK
ASK ASK
ASK AE AK
AK\
\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s a
d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
s g s n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg Fkhnf r t
k n
s k t
b
S k e
k
i
b
k a
e
n
t
k a
g h
p g
s
x k
b
k a
b
f
k a Ukvkrabnb \akshg \akshg Uahiaoaentavg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
k u g k e e K a e l
r t
s a
k \
a n
b p
x S a b n
p f b l
k K x i n b n i g
k
e b K A k A r
a E e S
b k a
i e
a
b
A i
b A
i
A
Ainbkeubn skþnfazneagi
^ukdnburns bk Enpneatneagi ki bksnrrgffg fnlgrnf
fnlgrnf y
bk aisntfneagiks > 5 5 < 1 < >0 AD UA
kfketraens. pradkr hrnbg prkvkieagi bk kstrás.
Sgsturn ainbkeunbn
\khastrg bk kquapndakitg bk dglafanrags
pgr kf usg bk bnþgs fudlnrks > 5 5 < 1 < >0 AD UA
pnrtaeapnitks. skdakrhgigdaegs
dgvafanrag
Aistnfnegibk Kiokrdkbnbks
Kquapgs ki dn kstnbg > 5 5 < 1 < >0 AD UA kquapndakitg egi enfkonetgr
Kquapgs bk sgiabg. nubatavns.
Srglnlafabnb
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ASK ASK
ASK AE AK
AK\
\ AS
s
g
t
s i i
n k g
a
i a e
\kquasatg g s d s i a b Aibaek bk Iavkf bk \akshg
a g s g k n
Lfgquk Nrkn Netavabnbks Rnrkn Skfahrg \akshg s
r n
k t
k
b t k a
b e
g b
h b f
a \akshg Dkbabns bk Egitrgf
s k i n p
x s a
Fkhnf S
k u
k e t
g
r k
s k a
e
a t
e K a
k a
\ k l
e n Ukvkrabnb \akshg Uahiaoaentavg
b p
x S a b n k f b l
p b n i g
k K x i n
k A A r
e
a b K E
k
e S
b k a
i e b
A a i
b A
i
A
Ainbkeunbgs
Egikxagiks
aistnfneagiks Bksernhn kfketraen k Enpneatneagi k adpfkdktneagi bk fns
kfketraens n fgs < 5 5 < >3 < <3 AD UA
kfketraens bk fgs aiekibag skþnfks bk skhurabnb (rakshgs kfketraegs).
kquapgs.
kquapgs.
Rnlfn bk Srglnlafabnbks
Kxastki sgi Skrsginf Kitrkinbg. Egigek kf Skfahrg Nf dkigs uin vkz nf nþg (U) Fksagi sai aienpneabnb (U) Rravanf (R) 2
> Bk > n 5
Untasonetgrags y Kxastki y fg prkvakik
Kspgrnbaendkitk (UG) Basegiogrt /Aiegdgbabnb (UG) Rgfkrnlfk (RG) Bk ; n 0