Structure and Writing Style

ADI, Deborah M.
 Subtopics

01 02
General Guidelines in Steps in Writing an
Referencing Independent Research

03 04
Proper Note-taking How to Write a Journal
Procedures Article
 Referencing
your sources means systematically
showing what information or ideas
you are quoting or paraphrasing
from another author's work and
identifying where that information
came from.
 General Guidelines in Referencing

01
On referencing other
people's work
 General Guidelines in Referencing

01 02
On referencing other On finding that your idea has
people's work already been examined by
another researcher.
 General Guidelines in Referencing

01 02 03
On using an adapted
On referencing other On finding that your idea has
people's work already been examined by version of someone else's
another researcher. work.
 General Guidelines in Referencing

01 02 03
On using an adapted
On referencing other On finding that your idea has
people's work already been examined by version of someone else's
another researcher. work.

04
On citing for several
authors who have
published very similar
information or ideas.
 General Guidelines in Referencing

01 02 03
On using an adapted
On referencing other On finding that your idea has
people's work already been examined by version of someone else's
another researcher. work.

04
On citing for several
05
On finding exactly what
authors who have you want to say in the
published very similar writing of another
information or ideas. researcher.
 General Guidelines in Referencing

01 02 03
On using an adapted
On referencing other On finding that your idea has
people's work already been examined by version of someone else's
another researcher. work.

04
On citing for several
05
On finding exactly what
06
On citing a source of long
authors who have you want to say in the ago.
published very similar writing of another
information or ideas. researcher.
 01
Plan the Research Process
Effective time management may be the most important
factor in determining the success of your research project.
If you give yourself plenty of time to do each step properly,
you will have the chance to savor your deepening expertise
in a particular subject-and you will avoid the desperation
that leads some students to resort to plagiarism.
 02
The Research Phase
 Steps of the Scientific Method
1. Identify a problem or ask a question
2. Conduct a literature review
3. Form a hypothesis; give operational definitions to variables
4. Choose research design or method
5. Collect data
6. Analyze data
7. Disseminate findings
 03
The Writing Phase
A research paper is a work developed from an outline. You
will need an introduction of the topic, a well-organized and
informative body, and a well-reasoned conclusion.
 04
The Revision Phase
Remember that revision means "re-seeing." You must
spend enough time to stand back from your rough draft
and see it in its entirety. Take special care that you have
avoided plagiarism by following the correct procedures for
quoting, paraphrasing, and citing your sources.
 Proper Note-taking Procedure
➢ Create a "paper trail.“

➢ If you are unable to make photocopies from a book that seems useful-
perhaps, due to library restrictions or the lack of a photocopier-try the
time-honored method of copying out passages on three-by-five or four-
by-six index cards, ensuring the inclusion of page numbers.

➢ As soon as you become conscious of any such idea, record it

immediately in a separate "idea note-book." Do not kid yourself into
thinking you will remember things later because you might fail to recall
them.
 Proper Note-taking Procedure
➢ In your notes, either summarize source material very generally, in your
own words, or quote materials exactly with quotation marks.

➢ Keep materials well organized.

➢ Keep a working bibliography-not just the authors and book titles (or
URLs) you are using but a complete record of all the information you
will need later when compiling your final bibliography, the "Works Cited"
listing at the end of your paper.

➢ Save copies of all your research materials, whether notes you collected
on paper, photocopies, or electronic files. Always back up digital files
somewhere other than the hard drive where you have your working
files.
How to Write a Journal Article
Thank you for
listening!