Student Name : Arnel O.

Corpuz
Student Number : 2019390031
Course Code : RES 290
Course Title : Methods of Research
Credit/ Class Schedule : 3 units
Professor : Dr. Dante Silva

End of Chapter Questions AND answers:

 Enumerate and explain the five fundamental key abilities that a researcher should
possess in making research.

1. The ability to create ideas. This is the presence of critical thinking/analysis and
the ability to analyze and synthesize ideas, and to work independently.
2. The ability to classify, source and use appropriate related literature. The
researcher identifies and documents the methods used to locate a variety and
range of sources of information — scholarly journals, books, websites, etc.
3. The ability to develop and improve research projects with a good fit in which all
research phases fit together. Learning to deal with ambiguity and obstacles.
4. The ability to collect, analyze, and interpret data. This is the technical skills a
researcher is capable of exhibiting in every research project he/she doing.
5. The ability to clearly write well. A researcher writing flows smoothly from one
idea to another.

 In making a research, you should consider the researchability of your target study.
How can you find your research as a viable one?

The research study is a viable one if you have time, money, data and its accessibility
available in the whole process of research.

 What should a research statement be consisting of?

The research statement should should visibly express the idea of the research paper
and then followed by determining the specific aim and objectives or the statement of
the problem.

 Explain the differences between research aims and research objectives and how it
will help you in the process of a research study?

The goal or research aims is a general statement of what you intend to achieve while
the objectives specify how you will intend to achieve this aim. The aim is the what of
the research, and the objective is the how. It is very helpful if you can match aims and
objectives.

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 A research statement or question is also the aim of the research project. The
objectives of the research develop from the aim of the research project. It is the order
wherein it contains the steps on how to accomplish the aim of the research. Objective
is commonly written in short phrases either in numbering or bullet points.

The goal of the research is simply explaining the research statement, either
expounded or just re-stated as an aim.

The objective of research usually emerges from the aim of the research. These
objectives are the basic process that the research will adapt in order to achieve the
research goal. It is usually written in short phrases, formed through bullet points.

[from Chapter 2 Lecture Notes by Prof. D. Silva]

 How will the literature help the researchers in the study?

o It will develop the researcher’s knowledge on the area of his/her research.

o It can help the researcher determine what is already known about the topic and
how extensively the topic has already been researched.
o Experts on the same research topics can be verified and can contribute to the
reliability of the project research.

 What are the aspects that research should take into consideration in searching related
literature to their study?

These are the aspects for a researcher to produce a good literature in their study:
a. Check the date of publication and verify it is an up-to-date publication. Your
literature mirrors the current status quo in the field that your research is
revolving at, so it must be published not later than five (5) years on the year of
conduction of the research.
b. Verify the credentials of the authors. You must check the qualifications and
expertise that this/these author/s have to build confidence in your study.
Establish whether they are or they do not have a reputation to the field.
c. Check the credentials of the place where the work was published.
d. Read and try to be critical in reading literature to see the value of this study in
your research.

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 Benefits of Conducting a Literature Review1
While there might be many reasons for conducting a literature review, following are four key
outcomes of doing the review.

 Assessment of the current state of research on a topic. This is probably the most obvious value
of the literature review. Once a researcher has determined an area to work with for a research
project, a search of relevant information sources will help determine what is already known
about the topic and how extensively the topic has already been researched.

 Identification of the experts on a particular topic. One of the additional benefits derived from
doing the literature review is that it will quickly reveal which researchers have written the
most on a particular topic and are, therefore, probably the experts on the topic. Someone who
has written twenty articles on a topic or on related topics is more than likely more
knowledgeable than someone who has written a single article. This same writer will likely
turn up as a reference in most of the other articles written on the same topic. From the
number of articles written by the author and the number of times the writer has been cited
by other authors, a researcher will be able to assume that the particular author is an expert
in the area and, thus, a key resource for consultation in the current research to be undertaken.

 Identification of key questions about a topic that need further research. In many cases a
researcher may discover new angles that need further exploration by reviewing what has
already been written on a topic. For example, research may suggest that listening to music
while studying might lead to better retention of ideas, but the research might not have
assessed whether a particular style of music is more beneficial than another. A researcher
who is interested in pursuing this topic would then do well to follow up existing studies with
a new study, based on previous research, that tries to identify which styles of music are most
beneficial to retention.

 Determination of methodologies used in past studies of the same or similar topics. It is often
useful to review the types of studies that previous researchers have launched as a means of
determining what approaches might be of most benefit in further developing a topic. By the
same token, a review of previously conducted studies might lend itself to researchers
determining a new angle for approaching research.

Upon completion of the literature review, a researcher should have a solid foundation of
knowledge in the area and a good feel for the direction any new research should take. Should any
additional questions arise during the course of the research, the researcher will know which
experts to consult in order to quickly clear up those questions.

 Why is important to know different approaches in research?

It is important to know the different approaches in research since this methodologies

“mirror the distinctive philosophical underpinnings of the research ventures”. It is
the backbone of the research project you are undertaking. It is a guide on what
possible outcome you would like to research - e.g. if you want a qualitative or a
quantitative research.

 What is plagiarism?

Plagiarism is the process of utilization and introduction of another person's creation

and claim as your own.

1
https://libguides.unf.edu/c.php?g=177129&p=1163732

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 What is Plagiarism?2
Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work or borrowing someone else's
original ideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the
offense:

According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:

 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source

In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else's work
and lying about it afterward.

All of the following are considered plagiarism:

 turning in someone else's work as your own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
 copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your
work, whether you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)

Most cases of plagiarism can be avoided, however, by citing sources. Simply acknowledging
that certain material has been borrowed and providing your audience with the information
necessary to find that source is usually enough to prevent plagiarism.

What about images, videos, and music?

Using an image, video or piece of music in a work you have produced without receiving
proper permission or providing appropriate citation is plagiarism. The following activities
are very common in today’s society. Despite their popularity, they still count as plagiarism.

 Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own
papers or websites.
 Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part
of the soundtrack.
 Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover).
 Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition.

Certainly, these media pose situations in which it can be challenging to determine whether
or not the copyrights of a work are being violated. For example:

 A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a

book cover to represent that book on one’s website)
 Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the
background.
 Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph
that uses the same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph)

2
https://www.plagiarism.org/article/what-is-plagiarism

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  Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting
that closely resembles another person’s photograph).
 Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an
original way.

The legality of these situations, and others, would be dependent upon the intent and context
within which they are produced. The two safest approaches to take in regards to these
situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or 2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and cite
them properly.

Truly, plagiarism is a serious offense, and it carries change intertwined

punishments. The best approach to maintain an unplagiarized work is to
submit work that you have kept really worked out on your own—a work that
is appropriately and completely referenced.

 Why it is important to compile references in the bibliography?

Referencing in the bibliography is very important since it is the way to give credit to
the original owners or authors of all the journal articles, books, conference reports,
government reports and papers, theses, and proceedings and alike documents that
the research have used in the whole research study.

In compiling the bibliography, the researcher should do:

- Ensure that he/she is applying the style required by the organization
- He/she should have copied the details of the reference article accurately
- Assure the correct usage of punctuations
- Avoid errors in spelling
- Situate the facts for each reference in the bibliography in the correct manner,
according to the prevailing norms
- Avoid using bullet points or any styles or any different format in the bibliography

Citation helps referencing; it's a way to give credit to the writers from whom scholars
borrow words and ideas. One of the reasons behind citing sources and compiling an
extensive and logical bibliography is to prove that you have done some valid research
to back up your logic and claims.3

 What are the uses of appendices?

Appendices are any documents that have used in the study to detail a certain part of
the research study. The appendice may include the following documents:

1. Letters that might be written to the possible stakeholders that can be of

help in the study, letters received from the stakeholders that answers the
previously sent letters and granting permission to the research to connect
unto them.

3
http://drvidyahattangadi.com/why-bibliography-is-important-in-research/

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 2. Copies of data collection methods and instruments have been used in the
study. This may include questionnaires, interview schedules, likert scales
and alike.
3. Raw data that served as a supporting evidence.
4. Facts that have contributed to your study.
5. Graphs, tables and statistics.
6. Detailed maps, charts, photographs and drawings.
7. Complete transcriptions of interviews.
8. Financial statement .
9. Curriculum Vitae of the research; and many more.

End of Report.

arnelcorpuz@gmail.com
0947 998 3190

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References:

(Anderson, 2015)
(Vanderbuilt University, n.d.)
(Handbook for Research Skill Development and Assessment in the Curriculum, 2009)
(Rigas Stradina Universitate)
(REACHIVY)
(Silva, 2016)
(Research Skills Unit 5)

Anderson, A. (2015). JIBC Student Research Skills Development. Retrieved from Justice Institute of British Columbia:
www.jibc.ca/sites/default/files/research/pdf/student-research-skills-development-framework.pdf

Handbook for Research Skill Development and Assessment in the Curriculum. (2009, December). Retrieved from Adelaide University:
https://www.adelaide.edu.au/rsd/docs/rsd_Handbook_Dec09.pdf

REACHIVY. (n.d.). REACHIVY. Retrieved from REACHIVY: https://www.reachivy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Why-Are-

Research-Skills-Important_-How-Do-I-Develop-Them_.pdf

Research Skills Unit 5. (n.d.). Retrieved from Open Education:

https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/pluginfile.php/23676/mod/research_skills.doc

Rigas Stradina Universitate. (n.d.). Retrieved from Methodological Guidelines for Citing References and Compiling Bibliography:
https://www.rsu.lv/sites/default/files/imce/Dokumenti/Biblioteka/Methodological%20Guidelines%20for%20Citing%20Ref
erences%20and%20Compiling%20Bibliography.pdf

Silva, D. (2016). Research Methods: Structuring Inquiries and Empirical Investigators . Valenzuela City. Philippines: JO-ES Publishing
House.

Vanderbuilt University. (n.d.). Retrieved from Bloom's Taxonomy: https://www.cft/vanderbuilt.edu.guides-sub-pages/blooms-

taxonomy/