Integrated

Integrated M. Tech./M.
Tech./M. Tech./M.C.A
Tech./M.C.A
Odd Semester – End-
nd-term Examination
Subject: SOFT COMPUTING
Time: 4 Hours Date: 29th January, 2022 Max. Marks: 50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Answer Any Four Questions in between
between 1 to 6 and Question 7 is mandatory:
mandatory:
1. (A) The universe of discourse is X = {0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100}, and the membership

0 0.5 0.65 0.85 1 1

functions for the two fuzzy sets are
={ + + + + + }
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 0.45 0.6 0.8 0.95 1
={ + + + + + }
0 20 40 60 80 100
Find the following membership functions using standard set operations:
(i) ∩ (ii) (iii)
[2×3]

(B) The formation of algal and other biological colonies in surface of waters is
strongly dependent on such factors as the pH of the water, the temperature, and
oxygen content. Relationships among these various factors enable environmental
engineers to study issues involving bioremediation using the algae. Suppose we
define a set T of water temperatures from a lake on the following discrete universe
of temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit:

= {50, 55, 60}

And suppose we define a universe O of oxygen content values in the water, as

percent by volume:

= {1, 2, 6}

Suppose a Cartesian product is performed between specific fuzzy sets T and O to

produce the following relation:

1 2 6
50 0.1 0.2 0.9
= × = 55 0.1 1 0.7
60 0.8 0.7 0.1
Now suppose we define another fuzzy set of temperatures, “about 55ºF”, with the
following membership values:

0.5 1 0.7
={ + + }
!
50 55 60
 Using a max-min composition, find " = ! ° ×

[4]

2. (A) Explain the following terminologies:

(i) Convex fuzzy set
(ii) Lambda-cut set of a fuzzy set.
[2×2]

(B) A customer evaluates four banks by their mortgage policy, loan interest, and
dividend benefits. She has developed a fuzzy tolerance relation R according to these
three criteria for banks. If she uses a λ-cut level of 0.8, then how many classes can
she make from these banks?

1 0.2 0.5 0.9

0.2 1 0.6 0.4
= $ %
0.5 0.6 1 0.4
[6]
0.9 0.4 0.4 1

3. (A) How is a rough set represented? Explain with a suitable example. [5]

(B) What is reduct? How will you measure the significance of a condition attribute
with respect to a set of condition and decision attributes? [3+2]

4. (A) What is artificial neural network? Explain the basic model of a neuron. [3+5]
(B) Mention the difference between a fully connected and partially connected neural
network. [2]

5. (A) Explain the steps of genetic algorithm. [7]

(B) Consider a binary string of length 11, and consider a schema, 1*********1.
Under crossover with uniform crossover site selection, calculate a lower limit on the
probability of this schema surviving crossover. Calculate survival probability under
the same assumptions for the schema **1***1**0*. [1+1]
(C) Suppose the probability of a mutation at a single bit position is 0.1. Calculate the
probability of a 10-bit string surviving mutation without change. [1]

6. Describe a model of any fuzzy neuron. How is fuzzy perceptron learning algorithm
different than a crisp perceptron learning algorithm? [5+5]

Mandatory Write a note about any one of the following:

7. Answer to this question is Mandatory.
(i) Convolution Neural Network
(ii) Particle Swarm Optimization
(iii) Fuzzy C-Means [10]