Lesson 27 14/10/2021

Ch. 4.4 – Bending Light Waves ( Refraction)

Light travels in straight lines as long as it is in the same medium.

When light travels from one medium to another – changes direction- bends
Bending of waves is Refraction
Refraction is the bending of light rays when it passes from one transparent medium to
another.

Refraction in glass slab:

The diagram ( Lab Copy) shows the behavior of light rays travelling from air to glass and out to
air again.
The ray of light changes direction when it enters from air to glass and again when it leaves
from glass to air.
In other words , the light ray BENDS

Lesson 28 18/10/21
Q. How do light rays bend ?
i) when light ray travels from less dense medium to more dense medium ( air to glass), the
ray is refracted towards the normal.
ii) when light ray travels from more dense medium to less dense medium ( glass to air), the
ray is refracted away from the normal.

Q. Why do light rays bend?

Refraction is caused by the fact that light travels at different speed in different medium.
In air, speed of light 300000000 m/s or 3x108 m/s or 3 x 10^8 m/s
In water sp, 225 million m/s (225000000 m/s = 2.25 x108 m/s
In glass sp, 200 million m/s (200000000 m/s = 2x108 m/s )
The more dense the medium is, the slower the speed of light in that medium.
Lesson 29 Test taken on Chap. 4.3 19/10/21

Lesson 30 25/10/21
Refraction in water
Light travels slower in water.
The appearing coin ( Pg 96. Fig 3)
Light rays from the coin are travelling from water to air ( more dense to less dense).
Refracted away from the normal. Upon entering eye they seem to come from a much higher
position ( apparent position).

Q. Why does a stick appears bent when immersed in water?

( Diagram & explanation in Lab Copy)
Rays of light from end B of the stick pass from water to air, & are bent away fro the normal.
(since they r travelling from more dense to less dense medium)
Upon entering the eye, the rays seem to come from a point C, which is above B,
C is thus the virtual image of B as a result of refraction.

Lesson 31 27/10/21
Refraction in lenses
LENS ( Be careful about the spelling)- A piece of glass specially bounded by spherical surfaces.
The central point --- Optical center
Two types of lenses.
Convex Lens : converging lens
Concave Lens: diverging Lens
( Practise Diagrams of Lenses)
Images In Lenses
Learn from pg 98 & 99
Lesson 32 1/11/21
Power Of Lens
The power of a lens is its ability to bring parallel rays to a focus quickly.
The shorter the focal length, the more powerful the lens is.
POP QUIZ on Chap 4.4 ---- 3/11/21