NAME- SAYANTAAN BOSE

COLLEGE NAME- NETAJI SUBHASH ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPT-
SEM-
ROLL NO- 61
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO- 10901621075

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SUBJECT NAME-POWER SYSTEM 1

TOPIC//QUESTION-SHORT-TRANSMISSION LINES
 INTRODUCTION
• In AC/DC Power system, Transmission lines are used to transmit the power
from generation station to transmitting station. Transmission lines are pair of
conductor which carry electricity to the consumer’s area. These transmission
lines are classified in to three categories according to the length of the
transmission line. They are, Short transmission line, Medium transmission
line and Long transmission line. In this, we are going to see, the entire study
about short transmission line.
• Short Transmission Line A transmission line having its length less than 80
km is considered as a short transmission line. In short transmission line
capacitance is neglected because of small leakage current and other
parameters (resistance and inductance) are lumped in the transmission line.
SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE DEFINITION:
• The length of the transmission line is less than 50 Mile(80kM) and the
operating voltage is less than 20kV such transmission is called short
transmission line. In short transmission line, the shunt capacitance offers a
very small leakage current due to low voltage, since the shunt capacitance
of the short transmission lines is neglected. Other transmission line
parameters such as resistance and inductance are lumped (Jointly).
• If the overhead transmission line is less than 50km, then this type
of transmission line is referred to as Short Transmission Line.
Generally, the short transmission lines carry operating voltages of
less than 20kV. In these lines, the effect of capacitance is neglected
due to smaller length and low operating voltage.
SHORT TRANSMISSION LINE – EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT AND PHASOR DIAGRAM:

• The short transmission line’s equivalent circuit and phasor diagram

are drawn in the figure given below. Here the lumped parameter R is
considering as line resistance per phase and X is considering as line
inductive reactance per phase of the entire transmission line. As said
earlier the effect of shunt capacitance and conductance is not
considered in the equivalent circuit. The line is shown to have two
ends: sending end (designated by the subscript s) at the generator,
and the receiving end (designated r) at the load. However, consider
• Vr = Receiving end voltage
Vs= Sending End Voltage
Ir = Receiving end Current
Is = Sending end current
cos∅r= power factor of the load
cos∅s = power factor at the sending end
• R1, R2 = Line Resistance…while considering equivalent circuit of short
transmission line, the resistance R1, R2 is considered as R = loop resistance
i.e., resistance of both conductors
• Also the value of resistance R is

• X1, X2 = Line inductive reactance…while considering equivalent circuit of

short transmission line, the reactance X1, X2 is considered as X = loop
reactance i.e., total reactance of both conductors
• The value of the short transmission line’s inductive reactance X is
•
• Here the series impedance is given by Z= R+jX
• In short transmission line, the shunt capacitance and shunt conductance
are neglected, hence sending end current and receiving end current is
same, i.e.
• Voltage Regulation of Short Transmission Line:
• Voltage regulation of the transmission line is the ratio of difference between
sending end voltage and receiving voltage (Vs-Vr) to receiving end voltage
(Vr) is called voltage regulation of the transmission line.
• In short transmission line, as we said above there is no capacitance,
during no load condition the current through the line is considered as
zero, hence at no load condition, receiving end voltage is the same as
sending end voltage.
• Here, vr and vx are the per unit resistance and reactance of the short
transmission line respectively.
WHAT IS TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY?
• Efficiency is nothing but a ratio between receiving end power to
sending end power and the transmission efficiency is expressed in
percentage. The transmission efficiency says about the transmission
line how much power successfully delivered to receiving end from
sending end.
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TRANSMISSION LINE:
• In that, You never get 100% of efficiency from short transmission line
since the remaining (100 – η)% of input power consider as losses.
Actually, short transmission line has its own line resistance. So, there
will be an ohmic loss in the resistance of line. If Ps is the input power
at sending end, then only (Ps – Loss) will be available at the receiving
end. Therefore (100 -η)% is the loss in transmission line resistance.
Let see the new method to calculate transmission efficiency. Here loss
of the transmission line will be Loss= I2*R. Therefore, resistance of the
short transmission line will be
CONCLUSION
• A transmission line having its length less than 80 km is considered as a
short transmission line. In short transmission line capacitance is neglected
because of small leakage current and other parameters (resistance and
inductance) are lumped in the transmission line.
• Line voltage drop, voltage regulation, and short-transmission efficiency are
important factors that govern the performance of the short-transmission lines.
• The voltage regulation of a short-transmission line varies with the effect of the line
parameters R, L, and C on the line length.
• In a short transmission line, the voltage regulation depends on the line current,
load power factor, and line parameters R and L.