Introduction

Media history reflects the historical component of conveying information, knowledge, news, etc. for a
large audience. Although the term "media" was only used to refer to such communication structures in
the 1920s, the history of media dates back to at least the 15th century, and several interpretations
include Scriptoria, oral tradition. and medieval, sometimes ancient and even prehistoric murals. The
term media was first used in books, such as later in print, with advances in technological media now
including television, film, radio, and the Internet. Today, mass media has become an essential part of
our daily lives. Today, the media play an important role in establishing and influencing public trust and in
strengthening society Many approaches to media history show the impact these structures have on
society. with global society, the particular form they take, and an interest in understanding the dynamics
of historical change. Each of these areas is the subject of a large body of theoretical and experimental
work, with many intersecting and interwoven examples of different media, spatial contexts, and their
development along the way. time. (Dooley, 2015)

The media have provided a significant force for media culture, especially in Bangladesh. Bangladesh's
media industry has grown significantly since its inception decades ago to serve 160 million people.
Bangladesh's media industry is largely established in print, television, radio and other new online media.
Sociologists have called this culture of reconciliation reflected in the media and culture. During the war
of independence in Bangladesh's media, mainly Radia played an important role in inspiring freedom
fighters to come forward in a nutshell. In addition, the global media also played an important role in the
1971 Bangladesh War of Independence and produced war reports on the world stage. After
independence, gradually, other messy media have made various contributions to the development of
politics, economy, society and culture of Bangladesh. (Haq, 2007) After 1990, with the change of the
global economy and political situation, Bangladesh's media scene also improved along with the global
position of the media. In this development, the Bangladeshi government has always controlled radio and
television, the Bangladesh government authorized the broadcasting of satellite TV in the early 90s. As a
result, Bangladeshi audiences have been attracted to many foreign TV channels. There are several radio
channels in Bangladesh. Thanks to radio, music and information Bangladesh has progressed. Although
Bangladesh's Internet has a high access rate compared to other countries, the growth and ascent of
internet platforms points to a new era of media. (Haider, 2015)

In this article, we will focus on the development of Bangladeshi media, the structure and function of
mass media in Pakistan period, the role of mass media in the liberation war and the development of the
media in Pakistan. of the mass media after the war.

The Main Body

Bangladesh's mainstream media evolution and transformation

Individuals and society benefit from mass media as a source of information.

In our country, the consequences of poor communication are even more serious.

Bangladesh is a developing country whose progress is dependent on the people, who in tur
n rely on the media.

Bangladesh's mainstream media began to evolve after the country gained independence.

After the internet service debuted in Bangladesh mess media in the 1990s, print media, tele
vision, and radio played varied important roles in the development of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh's mass media business has undergone a significant transformation as a result

of the internet.

I'd like to share the evolution of Bangladesh's individual media sectors with you below.

ALAM (ALAM, 2014).

Print media:

The national newspaper of Bangladesh is the mainstay of the struggle for independence from the yoke
of Pakistan. Its historical significance and reputation are tied to creating public awareness and views to
be exploited in society. Modern journalism was started after Bangladesh's independence. Today, the
newspaper holds an undisputed position as the fourth and strongest pillar of modern Bangladesh. Print
journalism has its origin and development not in the government, but in the people who dare to lead
the nation. In the years that followed, Bangladesh's newspapers revealed a glorious chapter in which the
newspapers continued to report on the challenges facing the country. Journalism focuses on current
affairs and writes on various social and political issues and concerns, and dedicated journalism
represents social improvement and public welfare and opinion. on issues like education and child
marriage, etc. The press gradually became the most powerful weapon to gain independence. movement
under the leadership of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Our freedom fighters strongly believe
that “the pen is stronger than the sword” and that the power of their pen can challenge the political
organization that governs Bangladesh's journalism with one goal. The goal has never been challenged
and is still held. (Ali Riaz, 2016)
As a result, the newspaper always receives the support of the community respectfully. Even today, the
media in Bangladesh enjoy strong public support and the freedom the country enjoys today is based on
popular social support.

TV:

In 1964, TV was presented in than East Pakistan and presently in Bangladesh. After freedom in 1971, the
state-possessed single telecaster, Bangladesh TV or BTV, had a restricted crowd in a few metropolitan
regions and communicated news, music, shows, movies, games, and narratives. The series of Bengali
and English shows were famous. (Azad, 2016)

Albeit then television was a costly mode for individuals. Indeed, even during the 1990s, few individuals
in country regions had TVs. The individuals who could manage the cost of it observed week after week
films and shows and nightly news announcements. The absence of force supply was likewise an element
that held individuals back from utilizing TV until the 2000s. (Ali Riaz, 2016)

Until the TV Get Just Dish (TVRO) became lawful in 1992, BTV was the main TV station in Bangladesh
that set out open doors for the metropolitan world class and the rich to watch different channels. From
the start, BTV broadcast CNN news slugs for two or three hours in the first part of the day. Link
administrators have extended the extent of the satellite dish network among the working class. The
state-run BTV had a standing as the mouthpiece of the decision party. Consequently, there was a
developing interest for free telecasters that would serve general society, not simply political bosses.
(ALAM, 2014)

Then, in 1997, ATN Bangla sent off a business satellite TV administration. In 1999, Station I likewise
started telecom business TV. The presentation of Ekushey TV in 2000 reformed TV as a medium in the
country, Ekhusy TV arrived at a portion of the nation's populace. The quality news releases and projects
show to prepared staff won the hearts of the watchers, and they were then seen stuck to the station.
The television's permit was disavowed in 2002 after new government authorities tracked down
abnormalities in its giving. The new government conceded more TV freedoms, generally 24-hour news
and amusement channels.

Radio:

Radio is viewed as a possibly strong medium in Bangladesh; it has not developed much since the
approach of business and local area radio broadcasts. Bangladeshi radio history is more established than
Bangladeshi TV history. Radio came to the Indian subcontinent during the English rule and its
organization spread during the Pakistan rule (1947-1971) when Bangladesh was essential for Pakistan
and was known as East Pakistan. Not at all like TV, radio played a wonderful part in Bangladesh's nine-
month battle of freedom in 1971. At the point when the conflict broke out, Pakistan Betar was renamed
Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra (Free Bangladesh Betar Kendra) and began broadcasting talks and
melodies. The confidence of individuals is solid and rouses the political dissidents. It at last turned into
the voice of the banished individuals and the public authority during the conflict. (Ali Riaz, 2016)

Following autonomy, Bangladesh Betar radio kept on communicating news and amusement programs.
Individuals in both metropolitan and country areas paid attention to the radio since it was more open
than TV. In spite of having a cross country organization, radio didn't succeed. All things considered, it
was progressively being utilized as a publicity weapon by succeeding organizations. Accordingly, the
ubiquity of the radio broadcast, which gave everyday news and diversion, declined. (Haider, 2015)

Internet:

Even though net access is on the market in Asian nation, its potential is nearly untapped. High service
costs, a scarcity of data, weak telecommunication networks, government policies, potential clients'
restricted getting power, and a scarcity of institutional backing area unit among the causes. The writers
gathered information from a spread of sources, as well as prolonged interviews, record reviews, and on-
line user surveys. supported the said facts, this paper provides an summary of the state of net access in
Asian nation, likewise because the impact of net convenience in Asian nation, likewise as hurdles, and
potential solutions. several developing nations could face comparable circumstances, and also the
recommendation could also be applicable. (Dooley, 2015)

In July 1996, Bangladesh's pioneering and resolute pc journal, The Monthly pc Jagat, highlighted grave
worries regarding net access within the nation. In a piece of writing, it wrote, "Revolutions are
generated throughout the planet to use the web for extension of knowledge, scientific activity, and
education. However, there's no similar program in Asian nation to convey net property to academic
establishments. Even the foremost distinguished educational activity establishments in Asian nation, like
the University of {dhaka|Dhaka|Dacca|capital of Asian nation|national capital} and also the Bangladesh
University of Engineering and Technology, area unit out of reach ". On June 4, 1996, the govt. approved
the web, and one net service supplier (ISP), the data Services Network (ISN), began operations on
constant day. Grameen CyberNet became live to tell the tale July fifteen, 1996, when only 1 and a [*fr1]
months of development. 2 a lot of off-line services went on-line at constant time, victimisation
chartered lines from the large carriers. 2 massive nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have
launched a web net service. Despite the abundance of net service suppliers, net property is often
unused. There are not any current plans to expand services outside of national capital by any of the ISPs.
moreover, customers principally utilize the Internet's e-mail services, with restricted internet
surfboarding or newsgroup reading. (Ali Riaz, 2016)

The evolution structure and performance of mess media throughout the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
amount (1947-1971)

The 1971 Liberation War was the end result of a 20-year struggle by the Bangalis of Bangla Desh for
independence, that resulted within the institution of the People's Republic of Asian nation. Before that
Islamic Republic of Pakistan dominated Asian nation, at that point Bangladeshi media scenario wasn't
sensible as these days. solely medium and radio were the most medium of communication.

The early-nineteenth-century press developed as a potent supply of resistance, brazenly criticizing

colonial governments. even supposing early medium were mostly personal and missionary
organizations, they were still subject to British archipelago Company's management and censorship.
within the face of such circumstances, Bangladeshi publications, significantly the daily Ittefaq and also
the daily Sangbad, compete a very important role in fighting the authoritarian regime. socialistic
electronic media, like All Asian country Radio, Radio Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and after Asian nation
Radio (from 1971), compete a vital role in making a national identity and reinterpreting colonial and pre-
colonial history within the post-Partition era (after 1947). The medium business fashioned a significant
side of capitalist growth in post-liberation Asian nation, let alone continual legal repression
implemented by completely different civilian administrations. (Azad, 2016)

Television, like medium, contains a long history in Asian nation, going back to British colonial era. All
Asian country Radio (AIR) was established in 1937 as a public service broadcaster with the intention of
"promoting their own imperialist goals and objectives" likewise as "delivering essential information" for
British Empire. These colonial legacies were created in post-Partition Islamic Republic of Pakistan, that
could be a public company with a nationalist focus. {bangladesh|Bangladesh|People's Republic of
Bangladesh|Bangla Desh|East Islamic Republic of Pakistan|Asian country|Asian nation} tv (BTV) was
established as a part of the Pakistan tv Corporation in Bangla Desh (later Bangladesh) in 1964. The
Awami League administration altered BTV's standing from a public company to a state broadcaster
below the authority of the Ministry of knowledge when Asian nation gained independence in 1971,
considerably ever-changing its direction and functioning. (Ahmed, 2020)

Telecommunications technology wasn't terribly advanced in terms of broadcast media, and despite the
installation of medium and short-wave transmitters, most radio facilities were lost throughout the
Liberation War. tv was conjointly a comparatively recent innovation, having started in 1964, and by
1970, the bulk of weekly telecasts were in Bengali. The Press and Publications Ordinance, enacted by
Ayub Khan's military regime within the early Sixties, had already placed medium below shut government
watching. Despite this, newspapers, along side the radio, compete a vital half within the Liberation War
by rejecting press management and coverage correct info. Following the war, the medium saw vital
changes, with three hundred newspapers and journals being revealed in 1972. because of the restricted
reach of medium, the radio compete a vital role in Bangladesh's Liberation War, since it had been the
sole form of media that reached the country's most distant districts. (Haq, 2007)

Role of mass media throughout the liberation war of Asian nation (25 march-16 December 1971)

During the non-cooperation movement started by the Awami League against the Pakistani camp in
March 1971, the Bangladeshi media were extremely active in favor of Bengali freedom. The Bangladeshi
mass media, as well as those closely-held by the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Press Trust, began to
Bangabandhu's and his party's line in response to directions issued by the movement's undoubted
leader, Bangabandhu ruler Mujibur Rahman, in his important address on March seven, 1971. (ALAM,
2014)

The mass media has been a strong issue each for and against Bangladesh's reasons. "There were many
news and periodicals round the time of Bangladesh's creation. throughout the Liberation War, the
Pakistani army set fireplace to the offices and presses of 3 of Bangladesh's most distinguished daily
newspapers: Dainik Ittefaq, the People, and Sangbad, all of that were based mostly in national capital.
still, the media business as a full flourished and gave the required backing for Bangladesh's nationalist
effort to collapse Pakistani domination. throughout the non-cooperation movement, Pakistan's media
community moon-faced an enormous risk by conspicuously covering the movement in newspapers like
Ittefaq, Purbodesh, Sangbad, Azad, Morning News, and Islamic Republic of Pakistan Observer. it had
been associate degree outward show of their nationalism and unwavering belief in Bangali nationalism.
Sensing the Pakistani junta's plot, the Bangla Desh Journalists Union met on March twenty three, 1971,
and expressed open support for Bangladesh's independence by addressing Pakistan's military danger.
They conjointly explicit that they'd not be covering the military junta's operations within the media.
(Haq, 2007)

The deciding issue behind the event of mass media when 1971

Bangladesh's 1971 war of liberation against Islamic Republic of Pakistan has been forming the mentality
of Bangladeshi individuals to this point. This bloody historical event has created a way of nationalism in
Bangladeshis and created their modern constitution. The Asian nation we have a tendency to see these
days is that the product of the liberation war of 1971. (Ahmed, 2020)

The media in Asian nation compete an enormous role before the war, Bangladeshi medium, radio, and
tv compete a very important in delivery independence to Asian nation. With the increase of Asian nation
when the war, the Bangladeshi media even have developed multifariously. At that point Bangladeshi
president helped the Bangladeshi mass media to develop this country.

The medium business became a significant side of capitalist growth in post-liberation Asian nation,
supported by continual legal repression implemented by completely different civilian administrations.
when ruler Mujib's pseudo-socialist despotism fell apart in 1975, the Ziaur Rahman government
enforced the planet Bank's Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP), that paved the manner for the
enlargement of private-ownership models for media like daily, weekly, and monthly newspapers and
magazines. President Ershad took different steps toward privatization a decade later, however military
directions maintained the media below state management.

In 1992, the Khaleda Zia administration allowed international satellite channels to be broadcast, likewise
as different personal initiatives like telecommunications, banking, personal faculties, and property.
Following that, the ruler Hasina administration (1996–2001) set the trail for a lot of personal media
development by permitting personal television. (Ali Riaz, 2016)

Bangladesh has 358 daily newspapers and eighty two weekly magazines as recently 2014, with 138
newspapers and eighty four magazines revealed simply in national capital. Asian nation contains a single
state-owned station with twelve regional stations, thirty two community radio stations, fourteen of that
area unit presently operational, and twenty eight business FM radio stations, twelve of that were
operational in 2014. The remaining radio stations area unit possible to travel live shortly. (Ali Riaz, 2016)

Massive enlargement within the telecommunications sector has oxyacetylene growth within the cable
and television industries. Grameen Phone, Bangla Link, Robi, Warid, and Citycell, among others, area
unit boosting their investments in media advertising and stigmatization. cellular telephone company
homeowners don't own any electronic or medium as of 2015, though they're terribly fascinated by
stigmatization celebrated tv shows and cultural event.

Conclusion:

From the previous discussion, we can conclude that the media is one of the most important institutions
in the country. They play an important role in the public decision-making process. They also affect public
perceptions of national policy. However, the media can occasionally oppose the country. As a result, the
people of the country are denied the basic human rights of freedom of speech, opinion and opinion. As
a result, the study concludes that the media has both positive and negative effects on Bangladesh. Both
media owners and governments will complement each other to avoid interference and make the media
 effective in our country. In addition to ensuring the effectiveness of the media, national democracy must
be protected. As a result, we can expect the Bangladeshi media to function properly. (Dooley, 2015)

References
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thefinancialexpress.com.bd: https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/special-issues/independence-national-
day/the-role-of-press-during-liberation-war-1585147416
ALAM, M. A. (2014). THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN BANGLADESH. Retrieved from www.academia.edu:
https://www.academia.edu/26986709/THE_ROLE_OF_MEDIA_IN_BANGLADESH
Ali Riaz, M. S. (2016). ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF CONTEMPORARY BANGLADESH. Azad, M. A. (2016).
Overview. Retrieved from medialandscapes.org. Dooley, B. (2015). International Encyclopedia of the Social
& Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Retrieved from www.sciencedirect.com:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/media-history
Haider, Z. (2015, dec 15). Media coverage and the War of 1971. Retrieved from www.thedailystar.net:
https://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/spotlight/media-coverage-and-the-war-1971-187237
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http://fahmidulhaq.blogspot.com/: http://fahmidulhaq.blogspot.com/2007/12/media-scenario-of-
bangladesh-brief.html