EXPERIMENT:

Aim: To perform turns-ratio and polarity test on single phase transformer.

Apparatus Required:

S No Name of the Equipment Specification Qty Required Remarks

Theory:
1. When a transformer is used, a terminal of primary winding (as well as of secondary) winding is
alternatively positive and negative with respect to other terminal. It becomes important to know the
relative polarities of the primary and secondary terminals in situations such as follows:
a) When two single phase transformers are connected in parallel so as to share the total load on the
system.
b) When three single phase transformers are connected to make a single three-phase transformer.

2. The induced emf in winding is proportional to the number of turns on it. Therefore, the turns-ratio is
given as
N E V
k= 1 = 1= 1
N2 E2 V 2

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as shown in the figure 1.
2. Switch on the ac supply and adjust the variac so that voltmeter V 1 reads about
3. Record the reading of voltmeter
V 3.

4. If
V 3 <V 1 , the terminals P1 and S1 have the same polarity.
V >V
5. If 3 1 , the terminals 1
P and S1 have the opposite polarity.
6. Using variac, vary the input voltage.
7. For various values of the input voltage V1, note down the readings of output voltage V2.
8. Calculate the transformation ratio k.
9. Switch off the supply

Observations and calculations:

 1. Polarity Test:
a. Reading of the voltmeter V 1 = ………… volts.
b. Reading of the voltmeter V 2 = ………… volts.
c. Reading of the voltmeter
V 3 = ………… volts.
V <V
If 3 1 , the terminals 1
P and S1 have the same polarity, and If V 3>V 1 , the terminals P1 and S1
have the opposite polarity.
2. Turns-Ratio Test:

S No. V 1 volts V 2 volts V1

k=
Turn Ratio = V2

Result:
1. The polarities of the primary and secondary windings have been marked.
2. The turns-ratio has been found almost the same as the specified value.

Precautions:
1. All the connections must be tight and clean.
2. Instruments of proper ratings must be used.
3. Don’t touch the bare wire.
4. Before switching on the supply, the zero readings of the wattmeter, voltmeter and ammeter must be
ensured properly.

Viva-vice questions:

Ques1: What is the importance of open circuit and short circuit tests on single phase transformer?
Ques2: Why indirect loading test of large rating transformers is necessary?
Ques3: How do copper losses vary with load on the transformer?
Ques4: How do core losses vary with load on the transformer?

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