Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Introduction
Examination context
Topic List
1 Cash flow information
2 Presentation of a cash flow statement
3 Operating activities
4 Investing activities
5 Financing activities
6 Disclosures
7 Preparing a cash flow statement
Summary and Self-test
Technical reference
Answers to Self-test
Answers to Interactive questions
Introduction
Practical significance
It has been argued that 'profit' does not always give a useful or meaningful picture of a company's
operations. Readers of a company's financial statements might even be misled by a reported profit
figure.
(a) Shareholders might believe that if a company makes a profit after tax of, say, CU100,000 then this is
the amount which it could afford to pay as a dividend. Unless the company has sufficient cash
available to stay in business and also to pay a dividend, the shareholders' expectations would be wrong.
(b) Employees might believe that if a company makes profits, it can afford to pay higher wages next
year. This opinion may not be correct: the ability to pay wages depends on the availability of cash.
(c) Survival of a business entity depends not so much on profits as on its ability to pay its debts when
they fall due. Such payments might include 'revenue' items such as material purchases, wages,
interest and taxation etc, but also capital payments for new non-current assets and the repayment of
loan capital when this falls due (for example on the redemption of debentures).
From these examples, it may be apparent that a company's performance and prospects depend not so much
on the 'profits' earned in a period, but more realistically on liquidity or cash flows.
Working context
As we will see the preparation of the cash flow statement is very dependent on information contained in
the income statement and balance sheet. This is not just an accounting issue however, but will also have an
impact on the amount of audit work which will need to be carried out on these balances. Audit work on
the cash flow statement can be more limited than that carried out on the income statement and balance
sheet as the cash flows are derived from balance sheet and income statement balances which have already
been subjected to detailed audit procedures.
Syllabus links
This is the first time that you will have come across a cash flow statement in your studies. However, as you
will see in the rest of the chapter, most of the information needed to produce a cash flow statement is
contained in the income statement and balance sheet, both of which you will be familiar with from your
Accounting studies.
The topic also relates to the underlying assumptions of accounting which were discussed in Chapter 1, in
particular the distinction between accrual accounting and cash accounting.
In this chapter we introduce the preparation of the cash flow statement of the individual company. Chapter
16 covers the preparation of group cash flow statements. Both of these aspects are also highly relevant in
the Financial & Corporate Reporting paper and at the Advanced Stage, where the emphasis will change from
preparation to analysis and interpretation.
Examination context
Exam requirements
As 55% of the syllabus deals with the preparation of single company financial statements, and this includes
the cash flow statement, it is likely that this topic will be examined regularly.
In an examination you would either be asked to prepare a full cash flow statement or to prepare cash flow
statement extracts and/or to answer a number short-form questions.
In the examination, candidates may be required to:
Prepare and present a cash flow statement for an individual entity in accordance with BAS 7 Cash Flow
Statements
Prepare extracts from the cash flow statement of an individual entity.
Section overview
The cash flow statement shows movements in cash and cash equivalents.
All entities are required to produce a cash flow statement.
Definition
Cash flows: These are inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents.
1.2 Scope
A cash flow statement should be presented as an integral part of an entity's financial statements. All types
of entity can provide useful information about cash flows as the need for cash is universal, whatever the
nature of their revenue-producing activities. Therefore all entities are required by the standard to
produce a cash flow statement.
Definitions
Cash: Comprises cash on hand and demand deposits.
Cash equivalents: Short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of
cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
BAS 7 expands on the definition of cash equivalents: they are not held for investment or other long-term
purposes, but rather to meet short-term cash commitments. To fulfil the above definition, an investment's
maturity date should normally be within three months from its acquisition date. It would usually
be the case then that equity investments (i.e. shares in other companies) are not cash equivalents. An
exception would be where preference shares were acquired with a very close maturity date.
Points to note:
(1) Loans and other borrowings from banks are classified as financing activities. In some countries,
however, bank overdrafts are repayable on demand and are treated as part of an entity's total cash
management system. In these circumstances an overdrawn balance will be included in cash and cash
equivalents. Such banking arrangements are characterised by a balance which fluctuates between
overdrawn and credit.
In the absence of other information you should assume, in the exam, that bank overdrafts are
repayable on demand and should therefore be classed as cash and cash equivalents.
(2) Movements between different types of cash and cash equivalent are not included in cash flows. The
investment of surplus cash in cash equivalents is part of cash management, not part of operating,
investing or financing activities.
Section overview
Cash flows are classified as:
– Operating activities
– Investing activities, and
– Financing activities.
2.1 Presentation
BAS 7 requires cash flow statements to report cash flows during the period classified by:
Operating activities: These are primarily derived from the principal revenue-producing activities of
the entity and other activities that are not investing or financing activities.
Investing activities: These are the cash flows derived from acquisition and disposal of non-current
assets and other investments not included in cash equivalents.
Financing activities: These are activities that result in changes in the size and composition of the
equity capital and borrowings of the entity.
CUm CUm
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations 2,730
Interest paid (270)
Income taxes paid (900)
Points to note
1 The headings in italics are necessary to comply with the standard.
2 The information to prepare a cash flow statement can be obtained from the figures in the
Balance sheet at the start of the period
Balance sheet at the end of the period
Income statement for the period
Supporting notes
3 Operating activities
Section overview
Cash flows from operating activities are primarily derived from the principal revenue producing
activities of the entity.
There are two methods for calculating and analysing cash generated from operations:
– The direct method
– The indirect method
Cash generated from operations is adjusted for payments of interest and income tax to arrive at net
cash from operating activities.
Reconciliation of profit/loss before tax to cash generated from operations for the year ended 31 December
20X7
CU
Profit/(loss) before tax X
Finance cost X
Investment income (X)
Depreciation charge X
Amortisation charge X
Loss/(profit) on disposal of non-current assets X/(X)
(Increase)/decrease in inventories (X)/X
(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables (X)/X
(Increase)/decrease in prepayments (X)/X
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables (X)/X
Increase/(decrease) in accruals (X)/X
Increase/(decrease) in provisions (X)/X
Cash generated from operations X
You should show this reconciliation as a note to the cash flow statement.
3.4 Explanation
It is important that you understand why certain items are added and others are subtracted. Note the
following points:
Depreciation is not a cash expense, but is deducted in arriving at the profit figure in the income
statement. It makes sense, therefore, to eliminate it by adding it back.
By the same logic a loss on disposal of a non-current asset (arising through underprovision of
depreciation) needs to be added back, and a profit deducted.
An increase in inventories means less cash – the company has spent cash on buying inventory.
An increase in receivables means the company's debtors have not paid as much, and therefore there is
less cash.
If the entity pays off payables, causing the figure to decrease, again there is less cash.
Solution
Cash generated from operations would be calculated and disclosed as follows.
Reconciliation of profit before tax to cash generated from operations for the year ended 30 June 20X7
CU
Profit before tax 6,100
Finance cost 200
Investment income (100)
Decrease in inventories 800
Increase in trade and other receivables (400)
Decrease in trade and other payables (200)
Cash generated from operations 6,400
Solution
Cash generated from operations would be calculated and disclosed as follows:
Gross operating cash flows for the year ended 31 December 20X7
CU
Cash received from customers (29,400 – 900) 28,500
Cash paid to suppliers and employees (26,700) (W)
Cash generated from operations 1,800
WORKING
CU
Cash paid to suppliers (19,500 – 2,550) 16,950
Cash paid to and on behalf of employees (10,500 – 750) 9,750
Cash paid to suppliers and employees 26,700
CU CU
Cash payment (balancing figure) 231,000 Balance b/d 54,000
Balance c/d 63,000 Income statement 240,000
294,000 294,000
Alternatively, this could be calculated as follows:
(54,000 + 240,000 – 63,000) = CU231,000
A similar technique can be used to calculate payments of income tax in the year. The taxation payment
refers to payments of income tax, not to payments of sales tax (VAT) or tax paid by employees.
The opening and closing balance sheets will show a liability for income tax. The income tax charge for the
year is shown on the face of the income statement. The figure for income taxes paid during the year is
derived as a balancing figure.
CU CU
4 Investing activities
Section overview
The cash flows in this section are those related to the acquisition or disposal of any non-current
assets, and returns received in cash from investments.
The property, plant and equipment was disposed of at a loss of CU7,000. What was the cash flow from the
disposal?
Solution
The balancing figure can be obtained by constructing a disposal of property, plant and equipment account as
a working.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT – DISPOSAL ACCOUNT
CU CU
Cost 240,000 Accumulated depreciation 180,000
Loss on disposal 7,000
Cash received (balancing figure) 53,000
240,000 240,000
CU CU
CU CU
Balance b/d (receivable) X Cash receipt (balancing figure) X
Income statement X Balance c/d (receivable) X
X X
CU CU
5 Financing activities
Section overview
Financing cash flows comprise receipts from or repayments to external providers of finance.
Solution
SHARE CAPITAL AND PREMIUM
CU CU
Balance b/d
(5,400,000 + 7,300,000) 12,700,000
Balance c/d 19,550,000
(6,750,000 + 12,800,000) Cash receipt (balancing figure) 6,850,000
19,550,000 19,550,000
DIVIDENDS PAID
CU CU
Cash payment (balancing figure) 10,500 Balance b/d 3,500
Balance c/d 0 Retained earnings 7,000
10,500 10,500
The cash paid during the year of CU10,500 is the second half year preference dividend due from last year
and the whole of this year’s preference dividend (all paid during the year).
Point to note: Any dividends for the year will be disclosed in the statement of changes in equity.
6 Disclosures
Section overview
BAS 7 requires certain additional disclosures to accompany the cash flow statement.
The company has undrawn borrowing facilities of CU2,000m of which only CU700m may be used for future
expansion.
Note: Property, plant and equipment
During the period the company acquired property, plant and equipment with an aggregate cost of
CU1,250m of which CU900m was acquired by finance lease. Cash payments of CU350m were made to
purchase property, plant and equipment.
Section overview
This section gives you a step by step approach for preparing a cash flow statement.
7.1 Technique
ABLE LTD
Balance sheets as at 31 December
20X7 20X6
CU'000 CU'000 CU'000 CU'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Cost 1,596 1,560
Depreciation 318 224
1,278 1,336
Current assets
Inventory 24 20
Trade receivables 76 58
Bank 48 56
148 134
Total assets 1,426 1,470
ABLE LTD
Statement of changes in equity (extract) for the year ended 31 December 20X7
Retained
earnings
CU'000
Profit for the period 268
Dividends on ordinary shares (72)
Balance brought forward 490
Balance carried forward 686
During the year, the company paid CU90,000 for a new piece of machinery.
Prepare a cash flow statement for Able Ltd for the year ended 31 December 20X7 in accordance with the
requirements of BAS 7, using the indirect method. The reconciliation of profit before tax to cash generated
from operations should be shown as a note.
Solution
Step 1
Set out the proforma cash flow statement with the headings required by BAS 7 and the reconciliation
note. You should leave plenty of space. Ideally, use three or more sheets of paper, one for the main
statement, one for the notes and one for your workings. It is obviously essential to know the formats very
well.
Step 2
Begin with the cash flows from operating activities as far as possible. You will usually have to calculate
such items as depreciation, loss on sale of non-current assets, interest paid and tax paid.
Step 3
Calculate the cash flow figures for dividends paid, purchase or sale of non-current assets, issue of
shares and repayment of loans if these are not already given to you (as they may be).
Step 4
If you are not given the profit figure, open up a working for the income statement. Using the opening
and closing balances of retained earnings, the taxation charge and dividends paid and proposed, you will be
able to calculate profit for the year as the balancing figure to put in the cash flows from operating activities
section.
Step 5
You will now be able to complete the statement by slotting in the figures given or calculated.
ABLE LTD
Cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December 20X7
CU'000 CU'000
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations (see note) 540
Interest paid (28)
Tax paid (86 + 124 – 102) (108)
Net cash from operating activities 404
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment (90)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment (W) 12
Net cash used in investing activities (78)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of share capital (360 + 36 340 24) 32
Long-term loans repaid (500 200) (300)
Dividends paid (72 – 30 + 24) (66)
Net cash used in financing activities (334)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents (8)
Cash and cash equivalents at 1.1.X7 56
Cash and cash equivalents at 31.12.X7 48
WORKING
Non-current asset disposals
COST
CU'000 CU'000
Balance b/d 1,560 Balance c/d 1,596
Purchases 90 Disposals (balancing figure) 54
1,650 1,650
100 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
CU'000 CU'000
Balance c/d 318 Balance b/d 224
Depreciation on disposals Charge for year 118
(balancing figure) 24
342 342
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009 101
Financial accounting
Summary
Self-test
Answer the following questions
1 Which one of the following options best describes the objective of BAS 7 Cash Flow Statements?
A To aid comparison of cash flows between entities
B To assist users to understand the cash management and treasury practices of an entity
C To assist users to confirm the going concern of an entity
D To enable entities to report cash inflows and outflows analysed under standard headings
2 Which one of the following statements gives the best definition of cash equivalents as set out in BAS 7
Cash Flow Statements?
A Cash equivalents are cash, overdrafts, short-term deposits, options and other financial
instruments and equities traded in an active market
B Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments subject to insignificant risks of change
in value
C Cash equivalents are readily disposable investments
D Cash equivalents are investments which are traded in an active market
102 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
3 In a company's cash flow statement prepared in accordance with BAS 7 Cash Flow Statements, a
revaluation of non-current assets during the year will be:
A Entirely excluded
B Shown under cash flows from operating activities
C Disclosed under investing activities
D Shown as a cash inflow
4 Information concerning the non-current assets of Ealing Ltd is detailed in the table. During the year
non-current assets which had cost CU80,000 and which had a net book value of CU30,000 were sold
for CU20,000. Net cash from operating activities for the year was CU300,000.
Start of year End of year
CU CU
Cost 180,000 240,000
Aggregate depreciation (120,000) (140,000)
Carrying amount 60,000 100,000
There was no other cash activity. As a result of the above, cash increased over the year by
A CU240,000
B CU260,000
C CU320,000
D CU180,000
5 Waterloo Ltd acquired a freehold building for cash, financed in full by issuing for cash 166,000 CU1
ordinary shares at a premium of CU2 per share.
In its cash flow statement prepared in accordance with BAS 7 Cash Flow Statements this transaction
should be stated as:
A Inflow CU498,000, outflow nil
B Inflow nil, outflow nil
C Inflow CU498,000, outflow CU498,000
D Inflow nil, outflow CU498,000
6 Information from the cash flow statement and related notes of Gresham Ltd for the year ended 31
December 20X1 can be found in the table below.
CU
Depreciation 30,000
Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment 5,000
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 20,000
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 25,000
If the net book value of property, plant and equipment was CU110,000 on 31 December 20X0, what
was it on 31 December 20X1?
A CU85,000
B CU90,000
C CU70,000
D CU80,000
7 In a cash flow statement prepared under BFRS under which category of cash flow would interest paid
usually be classified?
A Cash flows from operating activities
B Cash flows from financing activities
C Returns on investments and servicing of finance
D Financing
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009 103
Financial accounting
8 ROXY LTD (Note: this question is included to provide practice of basic techniques)
The financial statements of Roxy Ltd at 30 June were as follows.
Balance sheet at 30 June 20Y8
20Y8 20Y7
CU CU CU CU
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 20,750 14,000
Current assets
Inventories 16,000 11,000
Trade and other receivables 9,950 2,700
Cash and cash equivalents - 1,300
25,950 15,000
Total assets 46,700 29,000
Current liabilities
Bank overdrafts 11,000 -
Trade and other payables 8,000 11,000
Accruals 700 200
Tax liabilities 1,800 1,000
21,500 12,200
46,700 29,000
Income statement (extracts)
20Y8 20Y7
CU CU
Profit from operations 15,400 5,900
Finance cost (1,000) (1,400)
Profit before tax 14,400 4,500
Tax (2,000) (1,500)
Net profit for the year 12,400 3,000
Additional Information
(1) An analysis of property, plant and equipment shows the following.
20Y8 20Y7
CU CU CU CU
Building
Cost 22,000 12,000
Depreciation (4,000) (1,000)
18,000 11,000
Plant and machinery
Cost 5,000 5,000
Depreciation (2,250) (2,000)
2,750 3,000
20,750 14,000
(2) Machinery with a net book value of CU250 was sold at the beginning of 20Y8 for CU350. This
machinery had originally cost CU1,000.
(3) No dividends have been declared or paid in recent years.
104 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
Non-current liabilities
Interest-bearing borrowings (12% 50,000 60,000
debentures 20Z1)
Current liabilities
Provisions - 2,000
Trade and other payables 27,000 19,000
Tax liabilities 7,000 3,000
Accruals 19,000 19,000
53,000 43,000
Total equity and liabilities 374,000 290,000
You are also given the following information which is already reflected correctly in the accounts.
(1) During the year a bonus issue of 1 for 10 was made on the ordinary shares in issue at 30 June
20Y7, utilising available profits.
(2) New shares were issued on 1 July 20Y7. Part of the proceeds was used to redeem CU10,000
12% debentures 20Z1 at par.
(3) During the year certain tangible non-current assets were disposed of for CU20,000. The assets
had originally cost CU40,000 and had a net book value at the disposal date of CU18,000.
(4) Trade and other payables include CU5,000 for 20Y8 relating to the fixed asset purchases.
(5) The corporation tax charge for the year is CU7,000.
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009 105
Financial accounting
Requirement
Prepare a cash flow statement for the year ended 30 June 20Y8 and the note reconciling profit before
tax with cash generated from operations.
10 Set out below are the financial statements of Emily Ltd. You are the financial controller, faced with the
task of implementing BAS 7 Cash Flow Statements.
EMILY LTD
Income statement for the year ended 31 December 20X7
CU'000
Revenue 2,553
Cost of sales (1,814)
Gross profit 739
Distribution costs (125)
Administrative expenses (264)
Profit from operations 350
Investment income 25
Finance cost (75)
Profit before tax 300
Income tax expense (140)
Profit for the period 160
Statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 20X7 (extract)
Retained
earnings
CU'000
Profit for the period 160
Dividends on ordinary shares (100)
Balance brought forward 100
Balance carried forward 160
106 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
(d) 50,000 CU1 ordinary shares were issued during the year at a premium of 20p per share.
(e) The short-term investments are highly liquid and are close to maturity.
Requirement
Prepare a cash flow statement for the year to 31 December 20X7 using the indirect method laid out
in BAS 7 Cash Flow Statements. The reconciliation of profit before tax to cash generated from
operations should be shown as a note. Your answer should also include an analysis of cash and cash
equivalent balances.
11 HATCHBACK MOTOR COMPONENTS LTD
Hatchback Motor Components Ltd has prepared the summarised accounts as set out below.
Income statements for the years ended 30 April
20X7 20X6
CU'000 CU'000
Revenue 74,680 69,937
Cost of sales (51,595) (47,468)
Gross profit 23,085 22,469
Distribution and administrative costs (17,681) (16,920)
Profit before tax 5,404 5,549
Tax (2,634) (1,093)
Net profit for the period 2,770 4,456
Balance sheets at 30 April
20X7 20X6
CU'000 CU'000 CU'000 CU'000
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 30,946 25,141
Investments 7,100 –
38,046 25,141
Current assets
Inventories 16,487 15,892
Trade and other receivables 12,347 8,104
Cash and cash equivalents 863 724
29,697 24,720
Total assets 67,743 49,861
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009 107
Financial accounting
20X7 20X6
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES CU'000 CU'000
Capital and reserves
Ordinary share capital (CU1 ordinary shares) 13,000 10,000
Share premium 12,500 5,000
Revaluation reserve 7,450 2,650
Retained earnings 24,776 22,856
57,726 40,506
Non-current liabilities 3,250 4,250
(2) Depreciation has not been provided on freehold buildings. During the year a professional
revaluation – taking account of additions during the year – has been incorporated into the books
of account. There were no disposals during the year.
(3) Additions to fixtures and fittings during the year totalled CU1,365,000 at cost. There were no
disposals.
(4) Current liabilities
20X7 20X6
CU'000 CU'000
Trade and other payables 2,771 2,632
Accruals 1,200 1,235
Tax liability 2,796 1,238
6,767 5,105
Taxation provided at 30 April 20X6 was settled at a figure lower than the amount provided.
(5) During the year the company made a rights issue of shares on the basis of three new shares for
every ten shares held at a price of CU3.50 per share. Pending the purchase of new plant part of
the proceeds of the issue has been invested in shares in other UK companies.
Requirement
Prepare a cash flow statement in accordance with BAS 7 Cash Flow Statements under the indirect
method, for the year ended 30 April 20X7.
Now go back to the Learning Objectives in the Introduction. If you are satisfied you have achieved these
objectives, please tick them off.
108 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
Technical reference
Point to note: All of BAS 7 is examinable with the exception of paragraphs 24-28, 38 and Appendix B. The
paragraphs listed below are the key references you should be familiar with. (Paragraph references relating
to the treatment of leased assets in the cash flow statement and consolidated cash flow statements are
dealt with in Chapter 16).
Cash flows should be classified by operating, investing and financing activities. BAS 7(10)
Cash flows from operating activities are primarily derived from the principal BAS 7(13–14)
revenue-producing activities of the entity.
There are two methods of presentation for cash flows from operating activities
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009 109
Financial accounting
Answers to Self-test
1 D To enable entities to report cash inflows and outflows analysed under standard headings. (BAS 7).
2 B Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments subject to insignificant risks of changes
in value.
3 A A revaluation of non-current assets during the year will be entirely excluded.
Revaluations have no cash flow implications.
4 D The correct answer is CU180,000.
NON-CURRENT ASSETS – COST
CU CU
Balance b/d 180,000 Disposals 80,000
Therefore purchases 140,000 Balance c/d 240,000
320,000 320,000
DEPRECIATION
CU CU
Balance b/d 120,000
Disposals 50,000 Therefore charge 70,000
Balance c/d 140,000
190,000 190,000
DISPOSALS
CU CU
Cost 80,000 Accumulated depreciation 50,000
Proceeds 20,000
Therefore loss 10,000
80,000 80,000
CU
Cash from operations 300,000
Cash inflow:
Disposal proceeds 20,000
320,000
Cash outflow: purchases of non-current assets (140,000)
Therefore net cash increase 180,000
Note that adjustments for depreciation and loss on disposal will already be included in net cash
from operating activities.
5 C Inflow CU498,000, outflow CU498,000.
The outflow is classified under 'Purchase of property, plant and equipment'.
The inflow is classified under 'Proceeds from issuance of share capital'.
110 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
6 B CU90,000
PROPERTY (NBV)
CU CU
Balance b/d 110,000 Depreciation 30,000
Additions 25,000 Disposals (NBV) 15,000
Balance c/d 90,000
135,000 135,000
7 A (BAS 7)
8 ROXY LTD
Cash flow statement for year ended 30 June 20Y8
CU CU
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations 4,050
Interest paid (W5) (500)
Tax paid (W4) (1,200)
Net cash from operating activities 2,350
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment (W1) (11,000)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment (W3) 350
Reconciliation of profit/loss before tax to cash generated from operations fro the
year ended 30 June 20Y8
CU
Profit/loss before tax 14,400
Finance cost 1,000
Property, plant and equipment – depreciation charge (W2) 4,000
Profit/loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (W3) (100)
Change in inventories (W6) (5,000)
Change in trade and other receivables (W6) (7,250)
Change in trade and other payables (3,000)
Cash generated from operations 4,050
WORKINGS
(1) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT – COST OR VALUATION
CU CU
B/f (5,000 + 12,000) 17,000 Disposal 1,000
Additions (β) 11,000 C/f (5,000 + 22000) 27,000
28,000 28,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009 111
Financial accounting
9 MIDDLESEX LTD
Cash flow statement for the year ended 30 June 20Y8
CU CU
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations 71,000
Interest paid (6,000)
Tax paid (W2) (3,000)
Net cash from operating activities 62,000
112 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
Reconciliation's of profit/loss before tax to net cash generated from operations for the
year ended 30 June 20Y8
CU
Profit/loss before tax (W7) 46,000
Finance cost (W6) 6,000
Property, plant and equipment – depreciation charge (W1) 23,000
Profit/loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment (2,000)
Change in inventories (W5) (1,000)
Change in trade and other receivables (W5) (3,000)
Change in trade and other payables (W5) (2,000)
Change in provision (2000)
Cash generated from operations 71,000
WORKINGS
(1) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT – ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
CU CU
Disposal (40,000 – 18,000) 22,000 B/f 69,000
C/f 70,000 Charge for year (β) 23,000
92,000 92,000
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Financial accounting
10 EMILY LTD
Cash flow statement for the year ended 31 December 20X7
CU'000 CU'000
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations 333
Interest paid (75)
Tax paid (110 + 140 – 120) (130)
Net cash from operating activities 128
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment (W2) (201)
Purchase of intangible non-current assets (50)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 32
Proceeds from sale of non-current asset investments 30
Interest received 25
Net cash used in investing activities (164)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of share capital 60
Long-term loan 120
Dividends paid (100 + 80 – 100) (80)
Net cash from financing activities 100
Increase in cash and cash equivalents (Note) 64
Cash and cash equivalents at 1.1.X7 (Note) (97)
Cash and cash equivalents at 31.12.X7 (Note) (33)
114 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
WORKINGS
(1) Depreciation charge
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
CU’000 CU’000
Depreciation on assets sold Balance b/d 290
(85 – 45) 40 Charge for year
Balance c/d 340 (balancing figure) 90
380 380
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Financial accounting
116 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009
CASH FLOW STATEMENTS 3
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Financial accounting
118 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, March 2009