MTF, SBA- GMT202

QUESTIONS GMR 202 ENDOCRINE MTF AND SBA

GROUP 8
1. Regarding Pituita gland :
A Pars ne osa receives blood from inferior hypophyseal a e T
B Pars intermedia contain colloid lled cyst T
C Pars tuberalis(ne osa) contain hypothalamus hypophyseal tract F
D Pars ne osa receives
hypothalamic oxytocin
supraoptic hormone produce
neurons(primarily by
paraventricular T
nuclei)
E Pars distalis receives blood from hypophyseal po al vein T
2. Regarding endocrine cells :
A Thymocytes(Epithelial reticular cell) produces thymosin F
B Alpha(Delta) cells produce somatostatin F
C Granulosa lutein cells produce progesterone T
D Pinealocytes produce inhibin(melatonin) F
E Leydig
CT) cell lies within lumen of seminiferous tubules(Interstitial F

3. Regarding actions of pancreatic hormones : LN Pancreatic Hormones

A Insulin stimulates glycogenesis (pg33) T
B Insulin
Insulin inhibits protein
stimulates the synthesis
uptake of(pg37)
amino acids and protein F
synthesis
C Glucagon stimulates lipolysis (pg50) T
D Pancreatic
It increasespolypeptide
secretion ofinhibits glucagon
glucagon secretion
from alpha cells(pg61) F
E Somatostatin stimulates
It inhibits secretion insulin&secretion
of insulin glucagon(pg58) F

4. Regarding synthesis of thyroid hormone :LN Thyroid Hormones

 A Thyroglobulin
(pg11) by rough is synthesized
ER by smooth endoplasmic reticulum F
B Iodide
Active trapping
process is a passive process (pg12) F
C Hydrogen
Also requiredperoxide
thyroidis required for oxidation of iodide (pg13)
peroxidase(TP) T
D Organi cation of thyroglobulin occurs in follicular cell (pg14) T
E Thyroid peroxidase is required for coupling reaction(pg15) T
5. The anterior pituita hormones include :
A somatostatin F
B luteinizing hormone T
C antidiuretic hormone F
D adrenoco icotropic hormone T
E gonadotropin releasing hormone T
6. Regarding adrenal hormone :
A Co isol has weak mineraloco icoid activity T
B Co isol hypersecretion leads to Cushing syndrome T
C Cholesterol is precursor for adrenoco icol hormone synthesis T
D Aldosterone
It is inhibitedsecrete
by atrialisnatriuretic
stimulatedpeptide
by atrial natriuretic peptide F
E Catecholamines are released
Released from adrenal medullafrom adrenal co ex F
7. Regarding fatty acid metabolism :
A Peroxisome is the major sore for β-oxidation T
B β-oxidation occurs in the brain during prolonged fasting F
C acetyl Co-A is the end product   T
D triacylglycerols are stored as cytoplasmic lipid droplets T
E glucagon controls the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol F
8.
A
B
C
D
E
9.  Regarding regulation of metabolism :
 A It occurs at metabolic junction points T
B Cascade mechanism requires hormonal stimulation T
C It involves decompa mentalization F
D Proteolysis of zymogens is reversible F
E glycogen phospho lase is activate during fed state F
10. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus leads to :
A Glycogenolysis T(to
glucose restore
to blood
normal
level)
B Hyperkalemia Tfunction,hype
(impaired renalonicity,
insulin de ciency)
C Activation lipoprotein lipase Tlipoprotein
(insulin stimulates
synthesislipase
&adipocytes) in xtvt
D Breakdown amino acid  T(leads
wasting)to muscle
E High anion gap metabolic acidosis(diabetic ketoacidosis) Tketo
(there is increased
acids due to in
metabolism ketones)

11. Regarding hypothyroidism : LN PATHOLOGY OF THYROID

A Weight gain is a common symptom T
B Pretibial myxoedema is a sign F (Grave disease)
C Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level is high F (low)
D TSH receptor antibody is usually positive F(hype hyroidism)
E Lifelong thyroxine is indicated T*therapy(lifelong thyroxine
relieves symptoms
and restores normal thyroid
function) - google

12. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

A Hyperkalemia can be seen (hyperkalemia is a potassium level in blood) Tin patients
 (occurs with
frequently
lognstanding DM due
to presnece of multiple
pathogenic factors-
pa of diabetic
neuropathy)
B Increase urine production,. T
C Ketone are presence F (type 1)
D Hyponatremia  (occurs when the concentration of sodium in blood is low) -
symptoms nausea in urine
Tglucose
(high level
will if
 lower
sodiumthe) level of
E Fruity smell breath Fdiabetic
(occur in
ketoacidosis,
typ1
, 1 diabetes)

13. Regarding Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: (LN Pathophysiology and Classi cation of Diabetes Mellitus)
A Weight loss is a symptom of uncontrolled diabetes T
B It is due to insulin resistance T
C Associated with autoimmune disease F (T1DM)
D HbA1c level > 6.5% con rms diagnosis T
E Assessment of complications is indicated ve years after diagnosis F(cuba
25) tgk Pg
14.
A
B
C
D
E
15. Regarding bene ts of exercise: (LN: exercise and lifestyle change)
A Sedenta- Sedenta
activity promotes cell repair.
activity reduces blood ow F
B Overloading is required to stimulate muscle growth. T
C Cardiovascular tness increases with low intensity exercises. T
D Exercises activate GLUT-4 to transpo glucose into muscle cells
without insulin. T
E Moderate
stem cells overload stimulates
into skeletal cells. the di erentiation of mesenchymal T
16. Regarding medical nutrition therapy for Diabetes Mellitus : (LN: MNT for diabetes mellitus)
A Fruits has no limit for
-- Diabetics caneating
take 2 exchanges of fruits per day F
Fruits have carbohydrate. Must consider carbohydrate in
fruits
B
C Brown rice is better
-- Have than
similar white rice content
carbohydrate F
 ½ cup or 1 scoop = 1 exchange of carbohydrate
 D
E
17. Regarding hypoglycemic drugs:
A Insulin is used in gestational diabetes.
B Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors act by increasing incretin levels.
C Acarbose stimulates insulin secretion.
D Metformin increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
E Repaglinide is a sho acting insulin secretagogue.

18. Regarding drugs used in thyroid disease:

A Levothyroxine is used to treat myxoedema
B Propylthiouracil
pregnancy is preferred over methimazole during 1st trimester of
C Potassium
gland iodide decrease size and vascularity of hyperplastic thyroid
D Perchlorate is associated with aplastic anaemia
E Propranolol promotes peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
SBA (Question 2)
A 36-year-old woman presents with irregular menses for 1 year. She has underlying hype ension and
diabetes. There is no histo of consuming over-the-counter medication. Most impo ant nding to
diagnose metabolic syndrome in this patient is
A BP of 140/95 mm/hg
B LDL of 3.6 mmol/L - low density lipoprotein
C waist circumference 88cm (obese) T
SBA (Question 1)
 A 40 year-old man presented with reduced libido and tiredness for 6 months duration. He       also
complained of chronic headache, reduced body hair and visual disturbance. On physical examination, his
hea rate was 60 bpm, visual function examination showed bitemporal hemianopia. The most appropriate
blood investigation to identify cause of symptom is
A Thyroid function test
B Serum co isol
C Serum gonadotropin T