UNIT 3

LIVING THINGS AND THEIR

ENVIRONMENT
 OVERVIEW
• In the past years, you have studied about the coordinated functions of
the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory system. You have learned
that nutrients enter the bloodstream and combine with oxygen taken in
through the respiratory system. You have also understood the structure
of genes and chromosomes, and the functions they perform in the
transmission of traits from parents to offspring. You have discovered
that some species that once existed are now extinct, and they become
extinct when they fail to adapt to changes in the environment. You have
become familiar about how plants capture energy from the sun and
store energy in sugar molecules through photosynthesis, and learned
that stored energy is used by cells during cellular respiration. You have
found out that these two processes are interrelated.
FOUR MODULES IN QUARTER 3
MODULE 1 : Coordinated Functions of the
Nervous, Endocrine, and Reproductive
System
MODULE 2 : Heredity: Inheritance and
Variation
MODULE 3 : Biodiversity and Evolution
MODULE 4 : Ecosystem: Biodiversity
 I. OVERVIEW
• The human body is made up of different systems that coordinate with one another in
order to perform their functions well. If any part of these organ systems malfunctions, the
body will become unbalanced. The instability caused by the malfunctioning of one system
cannot be made stable by other systems because each system has its own function in the
body. You have studied in the past that human body systems are the combined functional
units composed of various organs that work in full coordination with one another. In
Grade 9, you have already studied how the circulatory and respiratory systems work
together and how lifestyle affects these systems. Now you will learn about the
coordinated functions of the reproductive, endocrine, and nervous system.
• As you go through this module, you will be able to understand organisms having
feedback mechanisms, are coordinated by the nervous and endocrine systems. You will
also learn how these feedback mechanisms help organisms maintain homeostasis to
reproduce and survive.
II. LEARNING
COMPETENCIES/OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1.Describe the parts of the nervous, endocrine, and reproductive
systems along with their functions.
2.Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and male
reproductive systems.
3.Describe the feedback mechanisms in regulating processes in the
female reproductive system
4.Describe how the nervous system coordinated and regulates
feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Transmits signals between the brain and the
rest of the body, including the brain, spinal
cord, and a complex network of nerves. In
this way, the nervous system’s activity controls
the ability to move, breath, see, think and
more.
• The basic unit of the nervous system is a
nerve cell or neuron.
 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Endocrine glands release hormones into
the bloodstream. This lets the hormones
travel to cells in other parts of the body.
The endocrine hormones help control
mood, growth and development, the way
our organs work, metabolism, and
reproduction. The endocrine system
regulates how much of each hormone is
released.
 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• The reproductive system is the
human organ system responsible for
the production and fertilization of
gametes (sperm or eggs) and
carrying of a fetus