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Mary’s College of Meycauayan

Meycauayan City, Bulacan
Basic Education Department
Senior High School level
1ST SEMESTER: 2ND TERM

Module 2
TOPIC: Lesson 3: Harnessing Energy for Survival of Life in Animals
MELC:
1. Describe the general and unique characteristics of the different organ systems in representative
animals.
2. Analyze and appreciate the functional relationships of the different organ systems in ensuring
animal survival.
Learning Targets: At the end of lesson, I CAN:
1. Determine the characteristics of the different body system that an animal have.
2. Identify and understand the importance of these interconnectedness between these systems to
be able to main homeostasis.
3. Create a informative brochure of some diseases that are associated with the various organ
systems.
ICV/RV: Communion - Contributes to the well-being of the family and helps create and maintain
a family climate in school
SOCIAL AWARENESS: Socio-cultural - Vanishing Filipino values
ACROSS DISCIPLINE: Social Science - Governance
BIBLE PASSAGE: Philippians 2:3 – “Do nothing out of selfish ambition or conceit, but in
humility consider others as more important than yourselves.”
READA

Read On
You have learned during the previous modules the different characteristics
and unifying themes of science that makes living things/biotic different from non-
living things. All these need to be connected and working with each other to ensure survival or the
continuity of life.
Note: Please browse the material given by the teacher to know more about the different body
systems. This refers as a guide for the topic of this module.

One of these characteristics discussed is Metabolism that can either be Catabolism or

Anabolism. These chemical processes vary and is present in every organ system that an organism
is made of. Failure for one organ to function can lead to further disruption of homeostasis and all
the metabolic processes that happens inside our body. In this module, we will get to know briefly
about the different organ system, their characteristics, function, interconnectedness with each other
and diseases that occurs once internal balance is disrupted.
Digestion to obtain Macromolecules
Our body is mainly made up of Macromolecules which are Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids
and Nucleic Acid. These molecules can be only supplied to us through the food that we eat. That
is where our digestive system comes in.
It starts with the process of ingestion (taking in of food) that was eventually followed by
digestion. The second one was comprised of two phases that can wither be mechanical (physical
breaking down of food) and chemical (involves catalysts to extract nutrients from food) digestion.
The main question in this organ system are: (1) How does digestion occurs? and (2) Is there any
diseases associated with this system? (To know more about the process of digestion you may
browse the resources provided.)

Obtaining Vital Gases

The most well-known gases that somehow makes our planet different from the others are
because of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide. They are always available for consumption in our
environment through breathing where we took in oxygen and release the carbon dioxide. These
process where gases are being exchanged is called as respiration. In animals, there are lots of ways
to be done to access this vital gas. It has three different gas exchange systems which are the
following: (1) Skin; (2) Gills; (3) Tracheal; and (4) Lungs systems.

Internal Liquid transporter of Substances

Nutrients obtained from the food we eat needs to be transported into areas in our body that
needs those substances. Waste generated from those needs to be extracted from the body to
maintain homeostasis. In vertebrates, we call this transport mechanism as circulatory system while
for invertebrates it is called as hemolymph. Circulatory systems can be divided into two based of
the movement of the blood that can be open system or closed system.
Circulatory system can be also meant as the cardiovascular system based on the parts that
it comprises of. These are the following: (1) heart; (2) blood; and (3) blood vessels.

Battle Against Infections

One of the characteristics of life is to be able to respond to a certain stimulus. This applies
the foreign substances that enters the organisms’ body. One of them are what are called as
Pathogens which are the main trigger of diseases. There are certain reactions that our body needs
to perform to be able to prevent or lessen its effects.

Unique Chemicals Results to Certain Changes

Just like the planet earth that changes due to different geologic process, living organisms
undergo changes that helps them to carry all its bodily functions that ensures more chances of
survival. You might have noticed that as you grow older. These changes are being powered by
unique chemicals called as the hormones released in the glands inside a living body. These
substances can only be produced by a command sent by the nervous system to monitor if the
hormones produced. There lots of glands present inside our body that releases hormones that can
cause changes on the body.
Generating Commands and Responses
Organisms that belongs to vertebrates were composed of threadlike network known as
neurons that causes the transmission of information’s coming from different portions of the body.
This is divided into two systems: (1) Central nervous systems and (2) Peripheral nervous systems.
Peripheral nervous system into two systems which are the Somatic (voluntary) and
autonomic (involuntary). Even the autonomic nervous system was comprised of three parts:
parasympathetic, sympathetic, and enteric. You may get to know its differences once you read the
material included in this module.

Creating Structure and Movement

The two major systems involved in giving organisms structure, protecting internal organs,
and allowing movements are the skeletal and muscular systems.
If you still remember the levels of organization muscles are formed from the combination
of cells that form tissues which is comprised of elastic and movable fibers. These Muscles are
closely related to the skeletal system in which aside from giving movement, it serves as a
framework off our body. These two systems work together to be able to make animals different
from plants. Unlike plants being stable in a certain position, animals can travel or move from one
place to another.

When you combine all these organ systems, you will come up with the organism itself.
Are these systems capable of working alone? Why? ____________________________________
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Is there any instances or situations in your life where you can see their relatedness to each
other? Care to share and mention the specific systems involved. __________________________
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