Vinhphuc education & training service

pham cong binh secondary school
English group
 
 
 

Teaching project
For
Gifted students

 
 
 
Created by truong quang khanh
September 2007

A.Affixations:
UN- IN- IL- IM- IR-
 Negative  Negative  Badly, Negative  Negative
wrongly,
unwell, evil
almost a, c, d, e  l b, m, p r
Unambitious Informal Iladvised Immodest Irrigable
Unbutton Influential Illegal Immigrant Irretrievable
Unemployed Indecisive Illegality Imbalanced Irreligeous
Unemployer Indefinite Illegally Imbalance Irremovable
Unemploymen Indefinitely Illegible Immeculate Irreparable
t
Unfortunate Indirect Illegibly Immeculatenes Irreplaceable
s
Unfortunately Indirectly Illegitimacy Immeculately Irrepressible
Unhappily Infamous Illegitimate Immorality Irrespective
Unhappiness Inexcusably Illegitimatel Immorally Irresistable
y
Unhappy Inexcusable Illiberal Immoral Irreproachabl
e
Unkeep Inextinguishabl Illiberality Immortal Irresolute
e
Unknown Inexpert Illiberally Immoralize Irritate
Unpack Inevitable Illicite Immortally Irrigate
Untidy Inexact Illiteral Immovable Irredentist
Unwilling Inexhaustible Illiterally Immovablity Irradiate
Unwise Inessential Illiterate Immovably Irradiation
Unfasten Inattentively Illogical Impersonally Irrecoverable
Uncover Inaccurate Illogically Impractical Irregular
Untie Incapable Impolite Irredeem
Undress Inactive Impractically Irresponsible
Unpack Inaccuracy Improbable Irresponsibly
Undo Inactivity SYM- Improbably Irresponsibilit
y
Unclean Inconvenient As syn Impoliteness Irreducible
Unborn Incapably b, m, p Impolitely Irredeemable
Uncomfortabl Inconvenience Symbol Impossible Irreputable
e
Unconcious Incorrect Symbolism Impossibly Irrelivant
Uncountable Incredible Symbolise Impossibility Irrelivance
Uneconomic Incredibly Symbolist Impure Irrelivancy
Unaware Inflammable Symmetry Immemorial Irrecoverably
Unlock Inadequate Sympathetic Improbablity Irrational
Unzip Inaminate Sympathy Impatiently Irrationality
Unwrap Inadequacy Sympathise Impatient Irrationally
Unfreeze Inamination Symphony Impatience Irreconcilable
Unhook Inattentive Symtom Impersonal Irrecover

DIS- MIS- UP- SYN- PRE-

Wrongly,
Negative unfavourably Added, Same Before
high
Disbelief Misadventure Upkeep Synonym Pre-arrange
Disconnect Misalliance Uplift Synchronise Pre-jude
Discover Misalliance Upstart Synchronic Pre-pay
Discordant Misanthrope Upsweep Synchronism Predict
Disconsolate Misapplication Upwardly Syncretise Precede
Disconnection Misapply Uppity Syndrom Pre-caution
Discord Misapprehend Upthrust synchronous Pre-mature
Discourage Misappropreat Upswept Pre-marital
e
Discourse Misbegotten Upstanding Premise
Disgracefully Miscarriage Uptake Precipitate
Discriminate Miscarry Upstate Pre-christian
Disgraceful Mischief Upsurge Precept
Discriminatio Miscount Upshot Preposses
n
Disinterested Mishandle Upside DOWN- Pre-record
down
Disinvest Misrepresent Uppish ower, reduce Pre-school
Disjoints Misspend Uprush Pre-heat
Dishonest Mistake Upset Down hearted Preface
Disloyalty Misunderstand Upmarket Downbeat Prescribe
Disobedient Misunderstood Up-to-date Downcast Pre-set
Disobedience Mishappen Update Downfall Precast
Disorder Misquote Updated Downgrade Preplan
Disorderly Misbehave Upwards Downhill Pre-determine
Dislike Misbehaviour Upcurved Downland Preside
Distaste Misjude Upcountry Down-market Pre-echo
Distasteful Misjudement Uphill Down- Preshunk
payment
Disapprove Mischance Upland Downpipe Prefix
Disbelieve Mistrust Upholster Downpour
Disloyal Mistimed Upbeat Downright SINGLE-
Disapproval Misfortune Upstroke Downstage
Disagree Miscalculate Upbringing Downstairs One
Discomfort Misspelt Upgrade  Downstream Single-handed
Displeasure Mislead Upheaval Down-to-earth Single-minded
Dishonestly Mistook Uptown Downtown Single-parent
Dishonesty Mistaken Upsetting Downtrodden Single-
breasted
Disagreement Miscalculation Up-end Downturn Single-combat
Disrespect Misled Upheld Downunder Single-cream
Disappear Misconduct Upfield Downward(s) Single-decker
Disappearanc Misspell Upfront  Downwind Single-file
e

EM- EN- POST- RE- DE-

again, the 2 nd

origin, b, p, c after, behind time down,

weaken deduct
Emaciate Enable Postdate Reacquaint De-activate
Emanate Enact Posterior React De-base
Emanation Enactment Postrity Readjust De-
centralise
Emanticipate Enamour Postgraduate Readmit De-celerate
Emanticipatio Encamp Postgraduatio Readopt De-classify
n n
Emancipatory Encampment Posthasted Reaffirm De-compose
Emasculate Encapsulate Posthumous Reafforest De-
compress
Embalm Encapsulation Postdated Re-align De-cry
Embankment Encase Postmodern Re-appear De-form
Embargo Encasement Postmodernist Re-apply De-generate
Embark Encircle Postmotem Re-appoint Degrade
Embellish Enclave Postpay Re-appraise De-mean
Embattled Enclose Postpaid Re-arrange De-nature
Embed Enrich Postwar Re-arrest Depress
Embitter Endanger Re-assemble De-preciate
Embitterment Enlarge Re-assert De-rail
Emblazon Encourage Re-assign Deserve
Embody Endear Re-assure De-capitate
Embodiment Ensure Re-awaken De-hydrate
Embolden Entrust Re-bound De-value
Emboss ONE- Re-bid De-ice
Emend Re-birth De-populate
Emplace Single, alone Re-boot De-moralise
Empower Onelegged Re-broadcast De-post
One-off Re-build
CO- HOMO- One-man Re-but UNI-
together with Oneself
Co-educate same Onesided One,
unique
Co-education Homogenerou Onesidedness Uniform
s
Co-equal Homogenereit One-up Unisex
y
Co-eval Homogenerise Onetrack mind Unicmeral
Co-exist Homograph Oneway Unicycle
Co-operate Homologous Oneside Uniliteral
Co-operation Homosex One-liner Uniliterally
Co-ordinate Homophone One-time Uniteralism
Co-ordination Homonym One-eyed Uniteralist
Co-star Homophobe Unison
Co-author Homophobic Univalent
Co-writer Homophobia Univalve

MONO- OVER- OUT- UNDER- FORE-

Single, one, alone Away, Below, Former,
excessive external beneath before
Monochromatic Overabundant Outage Underachieve Forearm
Monochrome Overact Outbank Underact Forebear
Monochromatical Overactive Outbalanc Underage Forebode
e
Monochromatical Overall Outbid Underarm Forecast
ly
Monocle Overambition Outbreak Underbid Foreclose
Monocled Overanxious Outclass Undercharge Forefather
Monocotyledon Overarm Outcome Undercook Forefoot
Monocular Overeat Outcry Undercover Forefront
Monogram Overbalance Outdated Undercut Forego
Mongraph Overbear Outdistanc Underdesigned Foretell
 e
Monolingual Overbid Outgoing Underdevelope Forehead
d
Monolith Overbook Outgrow Underdone Foreknow
Monologue Overcome Outlast Underemploye Foreland
d
Monomania Overcharge Outlive Underestimate Foreleg
Monophonic Overcompensa Outlook Underfeel Forename
te
Monoplane Overconfident Outmatch Underfunded Forenoon
Monopolist Overcook Outpace Undergo Foreordain
Monopolistic Overcrowded Output Undergraduate Forerunne
r
Monopolize Overdevelop Outrank Underground Foregroun
d
Monopoly Overdo Outright Undermanned Foresee
Monorail Overemphasize Outrun Underserved Forestall
Monosyllable Overestimate Outsell Undertake Foreseen
Monosyllablic Overexcite Outshine Undertaken Foreknew
Monotone Overfeed Outspoken Undertook Foreward
Monotonous Overhear Outstandin Underused Forethoug
g ht
Monovalent Overlarge Outstay Undervalue Forewarn
Overlook Outweigh Underweight Foretold
Underwent Foreknown
Underworld Forethink
Underwrite Foresaw

Part four
The sequences of tenses
I. the tenses:
 A.The simple present tense:
1. The form:                              {+}   S + V
                                                     {-}    S + don’t/ doesn’t + V
                                                     {?}   Do/ Does + S + V?
2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened repeatedly. (She never comes
late)
                         - To denote long lasting events.(We live in Concord st)
                         - To denote a true fact. (The earth moves around the Sun)
3. The recognition: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/…
                                   - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/…
                                   - the proof of constant truth.
4. Notes: - To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… (The train leaves at
9.00)
                 - The devision of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,…

B.The present progressive tense:

1. The form:                       {+}  S + am/ are/ is + V-ING
                                              {-}   S + am/ are/ is + not + V-ING
                                              {?}  Am/ Are/ Is + S + V-ING?
2. The usage: - To denote happening actions at the time of speaking.(She is
teaching Maths) 
                         - To denote the intention/ prediction/ plan/…(She is coming
soon)
3. The recognition: - now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this
moment/…
                                   - follow a command, request,…
4. Notes: - The ING-forms ( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,…)
                 - The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as: be/ see/ hear/
understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/ feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/
seem/ remember/ forget/…( use the simple present instead )

C.The present perfect tense:

1. The form:                   {+}    S + have/ has + past participles
                                          {-}     S + haven’t/ hasn’t + past participles
                                          {?}    Have/ Has + S + past participles
2. The usage: - To denote actions that happened in the past but having results,
relating, or still happening at present. (We have lived here since 1990)
 - To denote actions that happened right before the time of
speaking, using “just”. (She has just come from New York)
                          - To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet”. (He hasn’t come yet)
                        - To denote past actions having no certain time expression, using “already”. (We
have already seen that film)
3. The recognition: - just = recently = lately.
                                   - ever/ never (comments)
                                   - already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now
(present).
4. Notes: - Past participles: + regular verbs adding “ed”.
                                             + irregular verbs “learn by heart”
                 - The differences between the present perfect and the simple past
tense.
                 -  The present perfect progressive is used to denote past actions “happening”, or
“will happen”. The tense is often related to the verbs: live/ learn/ wait/ work/
study/… . The form is “S + have/ has + been + V-ING” 

D.The simple past tense:

1. The form:                {+} S + pV (pV = the past form of verbs)
                                       {-}  S + didn’t + V
                                       {?}  Did + S + V?
2. The usage: - To denote a finished past action. (We went to the park
together)
                       - To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past. (She did all
the work yesterday./ We used to sit next to each other.)
3. The recognition: - last week/ month/ year/…
                                   - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/…
4. Notes: - The past form of the verbs: + regular “V-ED”
                                                                + irregular (2 column in the irregular
nd

verbs list)
                 - “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/. 
E. The past progressive tense:
1. The form:            {+}  S + was/ were + V-ING.
                                        {-}   S + was/ were + not + V-ING.
                                        {?}  Was/ Were + S + V-ING?
2. The usage:  - To denote past happening actions. (She was watching T.V at
8.00 last night)
                               - To denote past interrupting actions. (She was watching T.V
when I came)
3. The recognition: - at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/…
                                        - time clause with “when”, “while = as”.
4. Notes: - actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only. (When
I heard a knock at the door, I came to open it. When I opened the door, I
saw my mum.)
- this is a timed action.
F. The past perfect tense:
1. The form:          {+}   S + had + past participles
                                      {-}   S + had not (hadn’t) + PP
                                      {?}   Had + S + PP?
2. The usage: - To denote past finished actions that happened and finished
before a certain point of time or another past event (the past of the past
tense).
e.g: She had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday.
       She had sold all the baskets when we came there yesterday.
3. The recognition: - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/…
                                        - The past perfect progressive “S + had been + V-ING”
G.The simple future tense:
1. The form:       {+}  S + will/ shall + V 
                             {-}  S + woll/ shall + V
                             {?}  Will/ Shall + S + V?     
                            - “shall” is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses.
                            - The negative forms “will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t”.
2. The usage: - To denote future actions. (They will build more hospitals)
                           - To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/…(The car will start
intime)
3. The recognition: - someday, tomorrow,…
                                     - next week/ month/ year/..  
4. Notes: - “ shan’t” is not used in coditional sentences.
                   - “ shall” is used as a suggestion/ invitation/….                         
H.Various forms of the future tenses:
1. The future progressive tense:
1.1. The form:                {+}   S + will be + V-ING
                                         {-}   S + won’t be + V-ING
                                         {?}  Will + S + be + V-ING?
1.2. The usage: - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/… using “at”.
                              e.g: She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight.
                                      We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sunday’s
morning.
                           - To show the future happening actions with “when”.
                              e.g: She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow.
2. The future perfect tense:
2.1. The form:      {+}   S + will have + psat participles
                               {-}   S + won’t have + past participles
                               {?}  Will + S + have + P.P?
2.2. The usage: - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by the time”, “by
then”.
                           e.g: She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by
then.
                           - To show a future schedule-finished action.
                           e.g: The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn.
3. Other forms:
1. The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan…
                                                      e.g: A: When does he leave?
                                                             B: He leaves tonight. 
2. The present progressive: To denote an intention.
                                                      e.g: A: When are you leaving?
                                                             B: I am leaving this afternoon.
3. The “be + going to inf” form: To denote an intention or a near future
action, an arrangement.
e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th  birthday.
       They are going to get married.

II. the sequences of tenses:

Main clause Subordinate clause

 simple present tense.
 present perfect tense.
Simple present  present progressive tense.
tense.  simple future tense.
 “be going to V” form.
 simple past tense (certain point of past time).
 simple past tense.
 past progressive tense.
Simple past tense  past perfect tense.
 “would + V” form.
  “be going to + V” past form.
 simple present tense (showing the truth).
Present perfect tense     Simple present tense.
Past perfect tense     Simple past tense.

III. the adverbial clauses:

Main Adverbial clauses (of time)

clause
Present Present When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as soon
tenses tenses as/…
Past tenses Past tenses When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/ since/….
Future Present No sooner than/ hardly…when/ as long as/….
tenses tenses

Part five
Speech and sentences
I. EMPHASIS:
1. Kinds (Classification):
1. Pronunciation: using stresses and intonation. 
e.g. Are you free?
       Really?
2. Written forms (transformation): e.g. She could hardly understand.
                                                                       ~Hardly could she understand.
2. Styles:
1. Verbs:     do/ does/ did + bare infinitives
                e.g. He visited us yesterday.    ~ He did visit us yesterday.
                      Hoa loves romantic films. ~ Hoa does love romantic films.
2. Adjectives:     It is/was + adjs + to infinitives.
                e.g. + Knowing your limitation is important. ~ It’s important to
know…
                       + He found that learning English was difficult. ~ He found that it
was …
3. Reflexive pronouns: myself/ yourself/ himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/
…
                e.g. She did it.           ~ She herself did it.
                      He thought that.  ~ He himself thought that.
4. Emphasis case:  It is/ was …that …(cleft sentences)
                 e.g. I hated him.                                 ~ It was him who I hated.
                        I need a replacement not others. ~ It is a replacement, not others
that I need.
5. Inversion case: here/ restricted adverbs
                 e.g. He could never find out the truth.  ~ Never could he find out the
truth.
                        We seldom eat snails.                    ~ Seldom do we eat snails.

II. QUANTITIERS:
1. Single verbs agreements:
1. each/ every/ either/ neither + N(s)/ of N(s) + singular V.
e.g. Each person has his own thought.
       Neither of my children gets up late.
2. each/ every + N(s)
each/ every + N     + singular V
e.g. Each day and each night passes without me missing her.
      Each of the boys has his own books of photos.
3. every/ some/ no + singular V(s)   
e.g. Someone was sitting outside.
       Noone knows him.
4. plural forms but singular verbs: news/ physics/ economics/ politics/
linguistics/ genetics/ athletes/ mumps/ the United States/ the Phillipines/
wales/…
e.g. The United States was shock by the bombing on September 11 . th

      The Phillipines is a developing.

5. uncountable nouns: furniture/ water/ traffic/ progress/ homework/
knowledge/…
e.g. Water is composed by Oxygen and Hydrogen.
       At this time of day, traffic is very heavy.
6. distance/ time/ money:
e.g. Five miles is a relatively far distance.
       Fifty billion dongs is a big sum of money.
7. titles of books/ articles/ stories:
e.g. “Tom and Jerry” is welknown all over the world.
         “The seven dragon pearls” is a picture book.
8. subjective clauses:
e.g. All that he needed was a full apology.
       What I really like is an ice cream.
2. Plural verbs agreements:
1. combination “and”:
e.g. Tom and his friends were walking to school.
2. “the + adj(s)” form:
e.g. The English are cool. The rich are not always happy.
3. collective nouns:
e.g. Cattle are driven to the field.
4. some/ a few/ a lot of/ both/…
e.g. Some boys are resigned.
3. Various agreements:
3.1. Either                  or
       Neither    + N1   nor          + N2  + V
       Not only              but also 
       e.g. Either Tom or his friends are coming.
               Neither the Prime Minister nor his ministers have been injured. 
3.2. The number of + N(s)    + singular V
       A number of + N(s)        + plural V
       e.g. The number of attendants is poor.
             A number of visitors are killed.
3.3. Pronoun1/ N1 + pre + pronoun2/ N2  + singular V.
       e.g. A pair of shoes is cheaper than a table.
             Two pairs of shoes is much more expensive than a table.
3.4. All/ some/ plenty / a lot                   singular N(s)  + singular V
       Half/ most/ the rest/ lots     + of  +  plural N(s)     + plural V
       e.g. A lot of money is lost.
              All of them have been arrested.
III. GERUNDS:
1. Formation:           V-ING
2. Functions: 
1. Subject (S): Fishing is hishobby.
                                Getting into the city centre at this time of day isn’t easy.
2. Complement (C): (of to be) Her passion is studying.
                                                         What we really want is escaping from this
terrible place.
 3. Compound nouns:
2.3.1. Gerund-noun:       fishing-rod           cooking-apple        driving
licence
                                         wrapping paper   writing paper          cooking oil
2.3.2. Non-gerund:         fruit-picking         sky-diving               bush walking
                                         time counting       
4. Object (O):
1. Direct objects: Follow these certain verbs
admit         avoid appreciat begin consider
   e
continue delay Deny enjoy escape
finish keep mention mind postpon
e
prefer miss practice quit recall
report resent Resist recollec resume
t
rish suggest
…
2. Verb preposition:
Approve of Appologize Believe in Count on Care for
for
Complain of Cofess to Consist of Depend on Dream of
End in  Give up Get to Forget Go back to
about
Hesitate Insist on Keep on Lead to Long for
about
Mean by Persist in Plan on Put off Rely on
Return to Result in Safe from Succeed in Think
about
Think of Take to Threaten Worry about Object to
with
Look forward to….
3. Adjective preposition:
Absorbed Accustomed Afraid of Amused at Angry with
in        to
Annoy at Ashamed of Aware of (in)capable of Careful about
Careful in Careless of Certain Clever at (un)concious
about of
Content with Delighted at Different Ambarrassed at Excited about
from
Far from Fond of Fortunate in Frightened of Furious at
Given to Good at Grateful for Happy in (at) Intent on
Interested in Keen on Nice about Proud of Pleased at
Responsible Right in Scared at Set on Sick of
for (of)
Skilled in (at) Slow in Sorry for Successful in Sure of
(at)
Surprised at Thankful for Tired of Upset at Worried about
(from)
Wrong in…
4. Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings)
 can’t bear; can’t face; can’t stand; can’t help; feel like….
 It’s no use.../ It’s (not) worth…/…
5. Adjectives:
amusin comfortabl difficult eas Great
g e y
hopeles lovely Nice off Pleasan
s t
strange useless wonderful
…
6. Noun preposition:
Choice of Excuse Possibility Intention Reason
for of of for
Method
for…
7. Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs
call catc Feel discove Find
h r
hear get imagin keep Leave
e
notic send Set stop watch
e …
8. Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases;
 Find/ found + it + V-ING: He found the film annoying.
 When/ on /while / as + V-ING: When opening the case, he found his lost
notebook.
                                                        While checking the case, we
found banned drugs.  
 IV. INFINITIVES:
1. Classification:
1. Full infinitive: With “to’
e.g. He go to Paris to learn French.
2. Bare infinitive: Without “to’
e.g. My parent didn’t let me do what I really liked. 
3. Perfect infinitive: Form “have past participles” 
e.g. He was believed to have escaped from the prison.
2. Position:
1. Follow the verbs below:
Agree  Arrange  Ask  Attempt  Begin 
Care  Cease  Choose  Claim  Come
Continue  Decide  Deserve  Demand  Determine 
Desire  Expect  Fail  Fear  Forget
Hate  Help  Hesitate  Hope  Intend
Learn  Like  Long  Love  Manage 
Mean  Need  Neglect  Offer  Omit
Plan  Prefer  Pretend  Prepare  Promise
Propose  Refuse  Start  Swear  Seem
Strive  Tend  Threaten  Try         Want     
Wish…
2. Follow the idiomatic phrases: make up one’s mind/ take care/ take the
trouble/ make sure/… e.g. They couldn’t make up their mind to go or not.

3. Follow the adjectives below:

(un)able afraid amused annoyed anxious
ashamed astonishe boring careful certain
d
content crazy curious dangerous delighted
determine difficult distresse due eager
d d
easy hard fortunate free frightene
d
furious  good glad grateful happy
hopeless horrified impatient interested keen
lucky moved pleased (im)possibl proud
e
safe scared slow sorry sufficient
sure surprised useless usual thankful
(un)willin (un)wise wonderfu worthy wrong…
g l
4. Follow WH-words: what/ who/ whom/ which/ when/ where/ how.
e.g. She didn’t know what to do next.
       We didn’t decided where to go.
5. Follow nouns pronouns of the verbs below:
Advise  Allow  Ask  Assume  Beg 
Believe  Cause  Challenge  Command  Compel 
Consider  Enable  Encourage  Expect  Find
Forbid  Force  Get  Guess  Hate
Imagine  Instruct  Intend  Invite  Know
Lead  Like  Love  Mean  Observe 
Order  Permit  Persuade  Prefer  Suspect 
Teach  Tell  Tempt  Think  Trust
Understand  Urge  Warn  Want  Wish….
6. To be demonstration, purposes, results: enough / save money/…
e.g. The house, to be demolished, is very old.
       She has nothing to eat.
       We haven’t got enough to have one each.
       They saved money to go abroad. 
7. To form absolute phrases: To tell the truth; To cut a long short story;…
e.g. To tell the truth, she was a real liar.
8. To form exclamation: e.g.  To think she met with such a death!
                                                        Oh! To be young again!

V. SPECIAL CASES:
1. Either infinitives or gerunds:
1. stop:
a. stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work)
e.g. He stops to smoke. (He stops his work and starts
smoking)
b. stop + gerunds (= to give up a habit )
e.g. He stops smoking  (He no longer smokes)
2. try:
a. try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do)
e.g. He tried to lift the case. (He managed to lift the case and
succeeded)
 b. try + gerunds (= to experience)
e.g. He tried lifting the case. (He wanted to know whether he could lift
it)
3. remember:
a. remember + to infinitives (= to make oneself aware of a task)
e.g. He remembered to lock the door. (He had to lock the door)
b. remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task)
e.g. He remembered locking the door. (He was sure that he had
locked the door)
4. forget:
a. forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task)
e.g. Sam forgot to buy food. (Sam didn’t buy food)
b. forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten)
e.g. Sam forgot buying food. (He bought food but he didn’t remember)
5. regret:
a. regret + to infinitives  (not want to do this task)
e.g. Kim regretted to say the truth. (He didn’t want to say the truth
but he had to)
b. regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly)
e.g. Kim regretted saying the truth.(He said and he regretted what
he’d done)
2. Would:
a. conditional sentences:
e.g. If I were you, I would agree to come.
       He would have passed if he had known the rules well.
b. past habits:
e.g. I would sing romantic songs when I was young.
       She would cry when she was too sad.
3. Used to: past habit not happen at present
           e.g. She used to walk to school.
4. Be (get) used to:
a. get used to (= be acquainted with)
e.g. She has got used to walking to office. 
b. be used to (be familiar with)
e.g. He was used to walking to office.
5. Would rather V1 than V2:
1. would rather (not) + V:
e.g. She’d rather go to the meeting.
       We would rather not mention that case.
2. would rather + O (not) + pV:
 e.g. I’d rather him brought there some cakes.
       She would rather her husband not joined the army.

6. Prefer gerunds/Ns to gerunds/Ns:

1. prefer + gerunds = like + gerunds/ infinitives:
e.g. She prefered walking to driving.
       She liked walking/ to walk.
2. would prefer + infinitives = would like + infinitives:
e.g. She’d prefer to walk.
       She would like to walk.
7. Could/ may/ might: possibility/ maybe = perhaps
1. in conditional sentences:
e.g. If it rains, we may cancel the trip.
       We might go to the park if it were Sunday today.
2. uncertain speculation:
e.g. It could/ may/ might rain tomorrow.
       It will possibly rain tomorrow.
3. perhaps/ maybe: 
e.g. Perhaps he won’t come.
       Maybe it will rain tomorrow.
8. Should:
1. command; request; obligation:
e.g. You should study harder.
       She should bring along an umbrella.
2. an expectation/ a wish:
e.g. My letter should arrive next week.
9. Speculations/ deduction:
1. could/ may/ might + have + P.P: Past possibility
e.g. It may have rained last night.
       He might have gone.
2. should have + P.P: Past unfulfilled actions
e.g. He should have done his homework.
       (It’s a pity that he didn’t do his homework)
3. must have + P.P: Logical thought about past events
e.g. (She passed the exam). She must have studied hard.