------------PRESENTATION--------------

INTRODUCTION

Human body is made up by muscles, therefore intended for muscular movement and as human beings we need
suit in an environment where there is a continuous bodily movement. We all know that we need to feed our
mind and our soul, but basically, we need to supply our body, not only food but also with regular physical
activities.

According to the International Chapter of Physical Education and Sports UNESCO: The practice of physical
education and sports is a
fundamental right for all

Every human being has a fundamental right to access to physical education and sport, which are essential for the
full development of this personality. The freedom to develop physical, intellectual and moral powers through
physical education and sport must be guaranteed both within the education system and in other aspects of social
life.
This article substantiates the inclusion of physical education in the school curriculum because physical
education put ups the foundation of practicing motor skills for games and sports such as volleyball, basketball,
tennis, and swimming, among others. Sports are an integral part in a person’s life. Different sports develop
different skills and develop positive thinking, which is important for a person to endure difficulties. It is a
constructive expenditure of energy and that is why physical education is important to every individual.
According to Andin:

Physical education is an integral part of the education program designed to promote the optimum
development of an individual physically, mentally, socially, emotionally and spiritually through total body
movement in the performance of properly selected physical activities.
This definition of Andin justify the role of physical education in the Educational system in the Philippines and it is
aligned with Article 14 section 19 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution which stated that:

The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and
amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.

With all this, the bottom line is physical education is needed because of the constantly charging lifestyle of
people and the convenience that food and technology provide, some people have depended on it solely that
they have forgotten what it was like to be physically active. Through physical education, students may realize
that they should be physically fit and enjoy many forms of physical activity during the school years and
continuing throughout life.
 PE-101 (Physical Fitness, Gymnastics and Aerobics)
Chapter 1

Introduction
Physical Education is a vital part of the total education of all individuals throughout their academic
journey. Physical education renders meaningful learning experiences which help in the enhancements of every
student's academic performance, mental alertness, readiness, and enthusiasm for learning.

Objectives
After studying this module, you should be able to:
• identify the legal bases of physical education.
• explain the objectives and purpose of physical education.

Legal Bases of Physical Education

As human beings, our human body consists of muscles used for muscular mobility and will therefore,
require an environment that allows for continuous bodily movement. Basically, the human body needs not only
food, but also physical activities for maximum functionality. While it is true that health is measured in terms of
different aspects other than the physical dimension, physical educators reiterate that physical wellness precedes
sound body and mind. This has become the core principle of Physical Education and is constantly instilled among
the students.
The International Charter of Physical Education and Sport UNESCO (United Nations Educations, Scientific
and Cultural Organization) states that the practice of physical education and sports is a basic right for all. The right
to improve people's physical, intellectual and moral prowess through physical education and sport must be
ensured within the educational system and in other aspects of social life. To do this, a legal framework is drafted
relative to the inclusion of physical education within the school curricula.
Article I, International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO Paris, 1978 and
Recommendation International Disciplinary Regional Meeting Experts on Physical Education, UNESCO, Brisbane,
1982-
“The practice of physical education and sports is a fundamental right of all...”
“And this right should not be treated a different in principle from the right adequate food, shelter, medical care.”
Article XIV, Section 19, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
“The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs league competitions and
amateur sports including training for international competition to foster selfdiscipline, teamwork, and excellence
for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.”
“All educations institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country and in
cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.
Based on these legal premises, physical education provides students avenues to practice motor skills for
games such as basketball, volleyball, tennis and swimming, among others. Sport is an inherent part of a person’s
life. Aside from the enhancement of various physical skills, sports also contributes to the development of an
optimistic mind or positive thinking, which is essential for a person to endure difficulties. Through sports, people
are afforded an opportunity to release excessive energy in a healthy process, thus, overcoming stress or
depression.
Furthermore, Physical Education is necessary to meet the constantly changing lifestyle of people and
diminish people's over-dependence on technology for perceived relaxation out of engaging into online leisure
activities. Most people have relied on technology that they have forgotten what it was like to be physically active.
Through physical education, students may realize the significance and benefits of being physically fit, encouraging
them to enjoy living a healthier lifestyle through active physical engagement.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

• To develop the movement potentials of each individual to an optimum level.
• To develop a basic understanding and appreciation of human movement.
• To develop and maintain the optimal physical fitness and productivity of the individual.
• To develop skills, knowledge and attitudes active participation engagement in varied fitness activities.

THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical Development
Through the carefully selected physical activities an individual who participates actively will develop and maintain
good healthy and optimum level of physical fitness.

Social Development
Physical education provides more than just exercise for students. Students learn communication skills and how to
collaborate together as a group.

Emotional Development
Through physical education activities the students gradually learn to manage their selves and acts wisely with
courage when exposed in stressful and emotional situations.

Mental Development
Through physical education activities the learners acquire knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of
the games, sports and dance instructions. Varied activities in physical education help the student’s development
their ability to analyze body movements, skills and game situations.

Spiritual Development
Integrated efforts by health and physical education programs can highlight the importance of spiritual concepts
like critical awareness, contemplation, purposeful living, nature, acceptance, transparency, awareness, tolerance,
resiliency, experience, community, and the critical role of the body, mind, and spirit to holistic health.

THE PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

• To involve the learner in a wide range of movement, knowledge and skill-building experiences.
• To contribute to the learner’s growing value system and his/her development of responsible attitude and
behavior essential to a healthy lifestyle.
• To promote understanding of and appreciation for the differences among people in physical activity
settings.
• To develop the habit of regularly participating in physical activity as part of health-enhancing personal
fitness plan.
• To expand options for wise use of leisure time.
 PE-101 (Physical Fitness, Gymnastics and Aerobics)
Chapter 2
Introduction
The main goal of physical education is to develop an individual's ideal level of fitness because
having an ideal level fitness makes an individual productive. More so, being productive means
completing daily activities satisfactorily with the minimum exerted effort. A fit person can perform
schoolwork, meet home responsibilities, and still have enough energy to enjoy sport and other leisure
activities. A fit person can respond effectively to normal life situations, such as raking leaves at home,
stocking shelves at a part-time job, and marching in the band at school.

Objectives
After studying this module, you should be able to:

• identify the concept of fitness

• list and describe the components of physical fitness
• differentiate the categories of physical fitness
• explain the benefits of physical fitness
•

CONCEPT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Being physically fit equates to having the endurance and strength to carry-out daily activities
without undue stress and still possess sufficient energy to join leisure activities and be able to face
unexpected emergencies. When you are physically fit, your lungs, heart, and muscles are strong and
your body is flexible and firm. Your body fat percentage and weight are also within the standard range.

COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

There are ten recognized general physical skills, and they are all practiced regularly with Cross
Fit. You are as fit as your competency in each of these ten skills.

1. Cardiovascular / respiratory endurance – The ability of body systems to gather, process, and
deliver oxygen.

2. Stamina – The ability of body systems to process, deliver, store, and utilize energy.

3. Strength – The ability of a muscular unit, or combination of muscular units, to apply force.

4. Flexibility – The ability to maximize the range of motion at a given joint.

5. Power – The ability of a muscular unit, or combination of muscular units, to apply maximum force
in minimum time.

6. Speed – The ability to minimize the time cycle of a repeated movement.

7. Coordination – The ability to combine several distinct movement patterns into a singular distinct
movement.

8. Agility – The ability to minimize transition time from one movement pattern to another.

9. Balance – The ability to control the placement of the body’s center of gravity in relation to its
support base.

10. Accuracy – The ability to control movement in a given direction or at a given intensity.

CATEGORIES OF PHYSICAL FITNESS A. HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS

Health-related physical fitness consists of components of physical fitness that have a
relationship with good health. The components are commonly defined as:

CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE
Definition: The ability of your heart, blood vessels, lungs, and blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to
all of your body's cells while you are being physically active. To improve your cardio-respiratory
endurance, try activities that keep your heart rate elevated at a safe level for a sustained length of time
such as walking, swimming, or bicycling.

MUSCULAR STRENGTH
Definition: It is the amount of force that a muscle can apply in a given contraction. The key to making
your muscles stronger is working them against resistance, whether that be from weights or gravity. If
you want to gain muscle strength, try exercises such as lifting weights or resistance exercises.

MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
Definition: is the ability of the muscles to keep working (contract) over a period of time. When most
people think of muscular endurance, they think of things like running and cycling. The fact is, muscular
endurance is important to almost any activity that requires any use of physical strength and is one of
the more important aspects of physical fitness and performance.

FLEXIBILITY
Definition: The ability of the joints to move through their full range of motion.

BODY COMPOSITION
Definition: refers to the ration of lean body tissue (muscle & bone) to body-fat tissue. A person's total
body weight (what you see on a scale) may not change over time. But the bathroom scale does not
assess how much is lean mass (muscle, bone, tendons, and ligaments). Body composition is important to
consider for health and managing your weight. To improve your body composition all the health-related
components of fitness and good nutrition are critical. Keep in mind that nutrition impacts exercise, and
exercise impacts nutritional needs. Learn how to eat healthier without eliminating all the important
food groups, instead learn to pick all natural and nutrient-dense foods. The right energy will help your
body with maintenance functions, improve your physical work, and help your body rebuild and repair
after a strenuous workout.
B. SKILL RELATED COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

AGILITY
Is the ability to change the position of your body and to control the movement of your whole body?
Agility is an important quality in many sports, because you must change direction rapidly and always
have your body under control.

BALANCE
Is the ability to keep an upright posture while either standing still or moving? Good balance in essential
in many activities like skating, surfing, skiing, and gymnastics.

POWER
Is the ability to perform with strength at a rapid pace? Strength and speed are both involved in power.
Football players, swimmers, shot-putters, discus throwers, and high jumpers are examples of athletes
who typically have a high degree of power.

REACTION TIME
Is the amount of time it takes to start a movement once your senses signal the need to move? People
with good reaction time can usually start quickly in track and swimming or react quickly in ping pong or
karate.

COORDINATION
Is the integration of eye, hand, and foot movements? This component is necessary for success in such
sports as baseball, softball, tennis, golf, and basketball.

SPEED
Is the ability to cover a distance in a short amount of time? Speed is a very important factor in many
sports and activities. Short runs are used to evaluate speed.

The six skill-related components of fitness contribute to your ability to successfully participate in
sports and activities. Those that have a high level of skill-related fitness are more likely to be physically
active than those who have lower level of skill. To improve levels of fitness one must first know their
level of fitness, and set goals and work toward improving both their health and skill related fitness
components.

Quote: "If it is to be it us up to me."

Essential Understanding: If you are going to bring about change in the way you look and feel it is up to
you. No one else can choose the right foods or exercise it’s your body only!
BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS

Vitality- muscle is basic for all body action. They increase in strength with activity and deteriorate from
lack of it. Fit muscles useless energy to perform the same task, leading to increase in vitality.

Posture- a physically fit person is able to maintain his general posture alignment better than one with
weak musculature

Relieves low back pain- lack of physical activity has found to be the major cause for some cases of pain
in the lower back. Most adults who suffer from low back pain are relieved of this pain by exercises that
strengthen their back and abdominal muscles.

Retards Ageing Process- continued participation in regular exercise of the proper amounts is of
considerable value in postponing the deterioration that usually takes place as a person grows old.

Physical Fitness and Ability to Meet Emergencies- the body that is accustomed to only sedentary living
can usually operates affectivity even through it is operating at near maximum effort.

Neuromuscular Skills- the smooth, efficient coordination of the muscular system is improved as a result
of regular participation in physical activities.

Relaxation- over active minds, in under active bodies often need physical outlets for accumulated
emotional and muscular tensions that seem to be relieved by action of the skeletal muscles/
Improvement of Personality and Social Skills- participation in games a sports aid in improving the
personality and in developing the desirable social skills.

Mental Fitness- because of the mental and physical relaxation that often results from physical activity,
regular exercise was taught in many to be considerable value in adding the mental processes to function
with increased efficiency.

General Health- the physically fit person usually possesses a high degree of general resistance which
enable him to successfully avoid such minor illnesses.