Professional Documents
Culture Documents
criminologists
6:53 AM
criminology
Questioned Document
Questioned Document Examination
Definition of Terms
another.
Methods of Alteration
1. Mechanical
2. Chemical
melting metal and then pouring the molten liquid into a mold having
important to QDE.
specific writer.
7. “I” Dot
8. “t” Crossing
12.Pen Lifts - Pen lifts are when the pen or pencil is lifted
from the paper and reapplied to finish a word or sentence.
for profit.
Color Shifting Ink - ink that changes color when viewed in different
angles.
Connections - links which connect a letter with the one following it.
1. Authenticity
2. Identity
3. Origin
Types of Document Examination
1. Handwriting Comparisons
2. Ink Examinations
3. Indented Writing
4. Alterations
5. Paper Analysis
6. Photocopy Analysis
7. Typewriting
objective lens.
c. Use the spectrometer and various built-in light sources for
which can:
then addressed.
b. Visualise and record any other transmitted impression, such
digital image.
document.
personality traits.
7. Connecting strokes
8. Pen lifts
10.Unusual flourishes
11.Pen pressure
Character of handwriting
writing samples.
Henry Mill - was an English inventor who patented the first typewriter
in 1714.
called "hieroglyphs".
Hologram - a three-dimensional image formed by the interference of
or duplicating.
microspectrophotometer.
the center piece of the investigation and the reason for the arrest
of the perpetrator.
usually too small to read with the naked eye, onto the note or item.
printing press. A worker composes and locks movable type into the
the ink from the type which creates an impression on the paper.
machine, one of the first typewriters in 1801 for his blind lover
Pen Lift - is the practice of lifting the tip of a pen from a writing
letter combinations.
1. Letters
2. Checks
3. Drivers License
4. Contracts
5. Wills
6. Voters Registration
7. Passports
8. Petitions
9. Threatening Letters
10.Suicide Notes
11.Lottery Tickets
modern printing.
Retracing - any writing stroke which goes back over another writing
stroke.
in 1869.
are non-reproducible.
typewriter.
a letter. From the latin word "signare" which means "to sign".
Kinds of Signature
recognizable as a signature.
pencil.
3. Transmitted Light Process - a light source is placed
1. Shaky handwriting
2. Pen lifts
3. Signs of retouching
4. Letter proportions
of a signature.
Indicators of Forgery
3. Tremor
5. Patching
conceal something.
smoothness.
Kinds of Tremors
2. Tremor of Fraud
Typebar - one of the bars on a typewriter that bears type for printing.
It was used after typing a line of text and caused the assembly
Types of Typewriters
or molds of iron shaped like bars, for their types. Type bars
typewriter.
users first input what key they would like, and then perform
to a page. Usually these didn't use type bars, but instead
type wheels, type shuttles, type plates and even more novel
of 1914.
to point, much as modern fax machines are used. Most non-IBM
the maker.
2. Deliberate
3. Average
4. Rapid