M 36M
Standard Specification for
Corrugated Steel Pipe, Metallic-Coated, for Sewers and Drains
AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 36M/M 36-911
(ASTM DESIGNATION: A 760/A 760M-90a)
1. SCOPE1
1.1 This specification covers corrugated
steel pipe intended for use for storm
water drainage, under-drains, the con-
struction of culverts, and similar uses.
Pipe covered by this specification is not
normally used for the conveyance of
sanitary or industrial wastes. The steel
sheet used in fabrication of the pipe has a
protective metallic coating of zinc (gal-
vanizing), aluminum, or aluminumzinc
alloy.
1.1.1 Steel sheet with zinc and aramid
fiber composite coating may be specified
for fabrication of pipe. Pipe made from
sheet with this composite coating is
always furnished with an asphalt coating.
Therefore, the requirements in this speci-
fication should be considered as applying
to a semi-finished pipe; the finished pipe
must include provisions of AASHTO M
190.
NOTE 1-Pipe fabricated with zinc and aramid
fiber composite coated sheet and asphalt post-
coating may be used for sanitary sewers and
industrial applications. Petroleum products or
similar materials in the sewer effluent may
affect the performance of the asphalt coating.
1.2 The several different metallic coat-
ings may not provide equal protection of
the base metal against corrosion and/or
abrasion in all environments. Some envi-
ronments may be so severe that none of
the metallic coatings included in this
specification will provide adequate pro-
tection. Additional protection for corru-
gated steel pipe can be provided by use of
coatings applied after fabrication of the
pipe as described in AASHTO M 190, or
by use of polymer precoated corrugated
steel pipe as described in AASHTO M
245.
1.3 This specification does not include
requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between earth cover load and
sheet thickness of the pipe. Experience
has shown that the successful perform-
ance of this product depends upon the
proper selection of sheet thickness, type
of bedding and backfill, controlled manu-
facture in the plant, and care in the instal-
1
This specification is identical to ASTM A 760/A
760Mt-90a.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
lation. The installation procedure is
described in AASHTO Specifications for
Highway Bridges, Division H, Section
26.
1.4 This specification is applicable to
orders in either SI units (as M 36M) or
inch-pound units (as M 36). SI units and
inch-pound units are not necessarily
equivalent. Inch-pound units are shown
in brackets in the text for clarity, but they
are the applicable values when the mate-
rial is ordered to M 36.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1 AASHTO Standards: Standard
Specifications for Highway Bridges:
M 190 Bituminous-Coated Corru-
gated Metal Culvert Pipe and
Pipe Arches
M 198 Joints for Circular Concrete
Sewer and Culvert Pipe Us-
ing Flexible Watertight Gas-
kets
M 218 Steel Sheet, ZincCoated
(Galvanized) for Corrugated
Steel Pipe
M 232 Zinc Coating (HotDip) on
Iron and Steel Hardware
M 245/M 245M Corrugated Steel
Pipe Polymer Precoated for
Sewers and Drains
M 274 Steel Sheet, Aluminum-
Coated (Type 2) for Corru-
gated Steel Pipe
M 289 Aluminum-Zinc Alloy
Coated Sheet Steel for Corru-
gated Steel Pipe
M 291 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
M 291M Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts (Metric)
M 298 Coatings of Zinc Mechani-
cally Deposited on Iron and
Steel
T 65 Mass of Coating on Zinc-
Coated (Galvanized) Iron or
Steel Articles
T 213 Mass of Coating on Alumi-
num-Coated Iron or Steel Ar-
ticles
T 241 Helical Continuous Welded
Seam Corrugated Steel Pipe
T 249 Helical Lock Seam Corru-
gated Pipe
2.2 ASTM Standards:
A 307 Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs,
60000 psi Tensile Strength
A 449 Quenched and Tempered
Steel Bolts and Studs
A 780 Repair of Damaged Hot-Dip
Galvanized Coatings
A 796 Structural Design of Corru-
gated Steel Pipe, Pipe-
Arches, and Arches for Storm
and Sanitary Sewers
A 885 Steel Sheet, Zinc and Aramid
Fiber Composite Coated for
Corrugated Steel Sewer, Cul-
vert, and Underdrain Pipe
B 633 Electrodeposited Coatings of
Zinc on Iron and Steel
D 1056 Flexible Cellular Materials-
Sponge or Expanded Rubber
F 568 Carbon and Alloy Steel Ex-
ternally Threaded Metric Fas-
teners
3. DESCRIPTION OF TERMS SPE-
CIFIC TO THIS STANDARD
3.1 Fabricator-in this specification, the
producer of the pipe.
3.2 Manufacturer-in this specification,
the producer of the sheet.
3.3 Purchaser-in this specification, the
purchaser of the finished product.
4. CLASSIFICATION
4.1 The corrugated steel pipe covered by
this specification is classified as follows:
4.1.1 Type I-This pipe shall have a full
circular cross section, with a single
thickness of corrugated sheet, fabricated
with annular (circumferential) or helical
corrugations.
4.1.2 Type IA-This pipe shall have a
full circular cross section, with an outer
shell of corrugated sheet and an inner
liner of smooth (uncorrugated) sheet,
fabricated with helical corrugations and
lock seams.
22
M 36M
4.1.3 Type IR-This pipe shall have a
full circular cross section with a single
thickness of smooth sheet, fabricated
with helical ribs projecting outwardly.
4.1.4 Type II-This pipe shall be a Type
I pipe which has been reformed into a
pipe-arch, having an approximately flat
bottom.
4.1.5 Type IIA-This pipe shall be a
Type IA pipe which has been reformed
into a pipe-arch, having an approximately
flat bottom.
4.1.6 Type IIR-This pipe shall be a
Type IR pipe which has been reformed
into a pipe-arch having an approximately
flat bottom.
4.1.7 Type III-This pipe, intended for
use as underdrains or for underground
disposal of water, shall be a Type I pipe
which has been perforated to permit the
inflow or outflow of water.
4.1.8 Type IIIA-This pipe, intended for
use as underdrains, shall consist of a
semicircular cross section, having a
smooth (uncorrugated) bottom with a
corrugated top shield.
4.2 Perforations in Type III pipe are
included in three classes as described in
Section 8.3.2.
5. ORDERING INFORMATION
5.1 Orders for material to this specifica-
tion shall include the following informa-
tion as necessary, to adequately describe
the desired product.
5.1.1 Name of material (corrugated
steel pipe),
5.1.2 Type of metallic coating (zinc,
aluminum, aluminum-zinc alloy or zinc
and aramid fiber composite coating)
(Section 6.1),
5.1.3 AASHTO designation and date of
issue (M 36M-____ or M 36-___),
5.1.4 Type of pipe (Section 4.1),
5.1.5 Diameter of circular pipe (Table
6), or span and rise of pipe-arch section
(Tables 8M, 9M, or IOM [Tables 8, 9, or
10]),
5.1.6 Length, either total length or
length of each piece and number of
pieces,
5.1.7 Description of corrugations (Sec-
tion 7.2),
5.1.8 Sheet thickness (Section 8.1.2),
5.1.9 For Type I and Type H pipe, the
pipe fabrication method, whether with
annular corrugations or helical corruga-
tions (Section 7.1.1) (Note 2),
NOTE 2-Pipe manufactured with annular
corrugations may have an element of weakness
in the longitudinal seams as compared to pipe
TABLE 1 Corrugation Requirements for Type 1, IA, II, IIA, and III Pipe
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
with helical corrugations. Therefore, consid-
eration of the method of fabrication is impor-
tant when pipe is installed under certain condi-
tions of loading.
5.1.10 When zinc and aramid fiber
composite coated sheet is used for fabri-
cation of pipe, the type of asphalt coating
(Sections 1.1.1 and 8.5),
NOTE 3-See AASHTO M 190 for additional
information appropriate to bituminous post-
coatings on pipe.
5.1.11 Coupling bands, number, and
type (Section 9.1) if special type is re-
quired,
5.1.12 Gaskets for coupling bands, if
required (Section 9.3),
5.1.13 For Type III pipe, class of perfo-
rations, if other than Class I (Section
8.3.2),
5.1.14 Certification, if required (Section
14.1), and
5.1.15 Special requirements.
6. MATERIALS
6.1 Steel Sheet for Pipe-All pipe fabri-
cated under this specification shall be
formed from zinc-coated sheet conform-
ing to AASHTO M 218, or aluminum-
coated sheet conforming to AASHTO M
274, or aluminum-zinc alloy coated sheet
conforming to AASHTO M 289, or zinc
and aramid fiber composite coated sheet
conforming to ASTM A 885. If the type
of metallic coating is not stated in the
order, zinccoated sheet conforming to
AASHTO M 218 shall be used. All pipe
famished on the order shall have the
same metallic coating, unless otherwise
specified.
6.2 Steel Sheet for Coupling Bands-The
sheet used in fabricating coupling bands
shall conform to the same specification
listed in Section 6.1 as that used for
fabrication of the pipe famished under the
order.
6.3 Rivets-The rivets used in riveted pipe
shall be of the same material as the base
metal specified for the corrugated sheets.
They shall be thoroughly galvanized or
sherardized. If bolts and nuts are substi-
tuted for rivets (see Section 7.3.1), they
shall meet the following requirements:
Bolts Nuts
For M 36 pipe A449 M 291. Gr. C
For M 36M pipe F568, Cl. M 291M, Cl.
8.8 12
The bolts and nuts shall be hot-dip galva-
nized in conformance with AASHTO M
232, or be mechanically galvanized in
conformance with AASHTO M 298
Class 40.
6.4 Hardware for Coupling Bands-Bolts
and nuts for coupling bands shall con-
form to the following requirements:
Bolts Nuts
For M 36 pipe A307 M 291, Gr.A
For M 36M pipe F568, Cl. 4.6 M 291M,Cl.5
Bolts, nuts, and other threaded items used
with coupling bands shall be zinc coated
by one of the following processes: hotdip
process as provided in AASHTO M 232;
electroplating process as provided in
ASTM B 633, Class Fe/Zn 8; or me-
chanical process as provided in
AASHTO M 298, Class 8. Other hard-
ware items used with coupling bands
shall be zinc coated by one of the follow-
ing processes: hot-dip process as pro-
vided in AASHTO M 232; electroplating
process as provided in ASTM B 633,
Class Fe/Zn 25; or mechanical process as
provided in AASHTO M 298, Class 25.
6.5 Gaskets-If gaskets are used in cou-
plings, they shall be a band of expanded
rubber meeting the requirements of
ASTM D 1056 for the "RE" closed cell
grades, or O-rings meeting the require-
ments of AASHTO M 198.
7. FABRICATION
7.1 General Requirements-Pipe shall be
fabricated in full circular cross section
except for Type HIA which is described
in Section 8.4.
7.1.1 Type I pipe shall have annular
corrugations with lap joints fastened with
rivets or resistance spot welds, or shall
have helical corrugations with a continu-
ous lock seam or welded seam extending
from end to end of each length of pipe.
The type of fabrication used shall be the
option of the fabricator unless otherwise
specified, except that the pipe fabricated
from zinc and aramid fiber composite
coated sheet shall be fabricated by riveted
or lock seam fabrication only.
7.1.2 Type IA pipe shall be fabricated
with a smooth liner and helically corru-
gated shell integrally attached at helical
lock seams extending from end
to end of each length of pipe. The shell
shall have corrugations of nominal 68 or
75-mm [2222/, or 3-in.] pitch. Zinc and
aramid fiber composite coated sheet shall
not be used for fabrication of Type IA
pipe.
7.1.3 Type IR pipe shall be fabricated
with helical ribs projecting outward with
a continuous lock seam extending from
end to end of each length of pipe.
23
M 36M
Nominal Size Maximum PitchA
38 by 6.5° 48
68 by 13 73
75 by 25 83
125 by 25 135
1 ½ by ¼D° 1 7/8
2 3/3 by ½ 2 7/8
3 by 1 3¼
5 by 1 5 5/16
A Pitch is measured from crest to crest of corrugations, at 90 degrees to the direction of the corrugation.
B Depth is measured as the vertical distance from a straightedge resting on the corrugation crests parallel to the axis of the pipe to the bottom of the intervening valley. If
the depth measurement of one or more corrugations is less than the value indicated herein, the depth of all corrugations between seams shall be measured, and the require-
ments of Table 2 shall be applied (see Section 7.2.1).
C Minimum inside radius requirement does not apply to a corrugation containing a helical lock seam.
D The corrugation size of 38 by 6.5 mm [l ½ by ¼ in.] is available only in helically corrugated pipe.
7.2 Corrugations-The corrugations shall
be either annular or helical as provided in
Section 7.1. The direction of the crests
and valleys of helical corrugations shall
not be less than 60 degrees from the axis
of the pipe for pipe diameters larger than
500 mm [21 in.], and not less than 45
degrees from the axis for pipe diameters
of 500 mm [21 in.] and smaller.
7.2.1 For Type I and IA pipe, corruga-
tions shall form smooth continuous
curves and tangents. The dimensions of
the corrugations shall be in accordance
with Table 1 for the size indicated in the
order, except if the depth measurement of
one or more corrugations is less than the
minimum depth in Table 1, the depth of
all corrugations between adjacent seams
shall be measured and the values of Table
2 for minimum average depth and mini-
mum corrugation depth shall apply.
NOTE 4-Inspection frequently consists of
measurement of the depth of one or a few
corrugations. If such measurement indicates
insufficient depth, application of the require-
ments in Table 2 provides for acceptan-ce
where greater depth of some corrugations
compensates for lack of depth of others. These
measurements would normally be made at one
location between seams on a length of pipe.
7.2.2 For Type IR pipe, the corruga-
tions shall be essentially rectangular ribs
projecting outward from the pipe wall.
The dimensions and spacing of the ribs
shall be in accordance with Table 3 for
the size indicated on the order. For the
292-mm [11 ½-in.] rib spacing, if the
sheet between the ribs does not include a
lock seam, a stiffener shall be included
midway between the ribs. This stiffener
shall have a nominal radius of 6.4 mm
[0.25 in] and a minimum height of 5.1
mm [0.20 in.] toward the outside of the
pipe.
NOTE 5-The nominal dimensions and proper-
ties for smooth corrugations and for ribs are
given in AASHTO Specifications for Highway
Bridges, Division I, Section 12, and in ASTM
A 796.
TABLE 2 Referee Requirements for Corrugation Depth
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
Minimum DepthB
M 36M-All values in millimeters
6.0
12
24
24
M 36-All values in inches
0.24
0.48
0.95
0.95
7.3 Riveted Seams-The longitudinal
seams shall be staggered to the extent
that no more than three thicknesses of
sheet are fastened by any rivet. Pipe to be
reformed into pipe-arch shape shall have
seams meeting the longitudinal seam
requirement of Section 8.2.2 (Note 6).
NOTE 6-Fabrication of pipe without longitu-
dinal seams in 120 degrees of arc, so that the
pipe may be installed without longitudinal
seams in the invert, is subject to negotiation
between the purchaser and fabricator.
7.3.1 The size of rivets, number per
corrugation, and width of lap at the longi-
tudinal seam shall be as stated in Table 4,
depending on sheet thickness, corruga-
tion size, and diameter of pipe. For pipe
with 25-mm [1-in.] deep corrugations, M
12 [½-in.] diameter bolts and nuts may be
used in lieu of rivets on a one-forone
replacement ratio. Circumferential seams
shall be riveted using rivets of the same
size as for longitudinal seams and shall
have a maximum rivet spacing of 150
mm [6 in.], measured on centers, except
that six rivets will be sufficient in 300-
mm [12-in.] diameter pipe.
7.3.2 All rivets shall be driven cold in
such a manner that the sheets shall be
drawn tightly together throughout the
entire lap. The center of a rivet shall be
no closer than twice its diameter from the
edge of the sheet. All rivets shall have
neat, workmanlike, and full hemispheri-
cal heads or heads of a form acceptable to
the purchaser, shall be driven without
bending, and shall completely fill the
hole.
7.4 Resistance Spot Welded Seams-The
longitudinal seams shall be staggered to
the extent that no more than three thick-
nesses of sheet are fastened by any spot
weld. Pipe to be reformed into pipe-arch
shape shall also meet the longitudinal
seam requirement of Section 8.2.2 (Note
6).
7.4.1 The size of spot welds, number
per corrugation, and width of lap at the
longitudinal seam shall be as stated in
A Depth
Inside RadiusC
Nominal Minimum
7 6.5
17 12
14 12
40 36
9/32 0.25
11/16 0.5
9/16 0.5
1.57 1.4
Table 4, depending on sheet thickness,
corrugation size, and diameter of pipe.
Circumferential seams shall be welded
using spot welds of the same size as for
longitudinal seams and shall have a
maximum weld spacing of 150 mm [6
in.], except that six welds will be suffi-
cient in 300-mm (12-in.) diameter pipe.
7.4.2 All spot welds shall be made in
such a manner that the sheets will be
drawn tightly together throughout the lap.
The outside edge of each spot weld shall
be at least 6.5 mm [¼ in.] from the edge
of the sheet. The welding shall be perfor-
med in such a manner that the exterior
surfaces of 90 percent or more of the spot
welds on a length of pipe shall show no
evidence of melting or burning of the
base metal, and the base metal shall not
be exposed when the area adjacent to the
electrode contact surface area is wire
brushed. Discoloration of the spot weld
surfaces will not be cause for rejection.
7.4.3 Welding equipment shall be
qualified before use, and the qualification
shall be verified before each work shift
and when changing sheet thickness, all as
described in Annex Al. If use of the
equipment at the approved machine
settings fail to produce satisfactory
welds, fabrication shall be stopped until
adjustments are made and the equipment
is requalified.
7.5 Helical Lock Seams-The lock seam
for Type I pipe shall be formed in the
tangent element of the corrugation profile
with its center near the neutral axis of the
corrugation profile. The lock seam for
Type IA pipe shall be in the valley of the
corrugation, shall be spaced not more
than 760 mm [30 in.] apart, and shall be
formed from both the liner and the shell
in the same general manner as Type I
helical lock seam pipe. The lock seam for
Type IR pipe shall be formed in the flat
zone of the pipe wall, midway between
two ribs.
Minimum Av
Nominal Size Diameter
24
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

All values in millimeters [5/16 in.] for pipe greater than 250 mm
38 by 6.5 all 6.1 5 [10 in.] in diameter, with an occasional
68 by 13 300 thru 500 12.1 10 tolerance of minus 10 percent of lap
68 by 13 over 500 12.4 11 width allowable. The lapped surfaces
75 by 25 all 24.9 23
shall be in tight contact. The profile of
125 by 25 all 24.9 23
All values in inches
the sheet shall include a retaining offset
1 ½ by ¼ all 0.24 0.20 adjacent to the 180-degree fold (as de-
2 1/3 by ½ 12 thru 21 0.48 0.40 scribed in AASHTO T 249) of one sheet
2 2/3 by ½ over 21 0.49 0.44 thickness on one side of the lock seam,
3 by 1 all 0.98 0.92 or one-half sheet thickness on both sides
5 by 1 all 0.98 0.92 of the lock seam, at the fabricator's op-
A See Section 7.2.1 for application of Table 2. tion. There shall be no visible cracks in
the metal, loss of metalto-metal contact,
or excessive angularity on the interior of
the 180-degree fold of metal at the com-
TABLE 3 Rib Requirements for Types IR and IIR Pipe
Rib Inside Radius
pletion of forming the lock seam.
Nominal Size MinimumA MinimumB MaximumC 7.5.2 Specimens cut from production
Minimum Maximum
Width Depth Spacing pipe normal to and across the lock seam
Millimeters shall develop the tensile strength as
19 x19 x190 17 18 197 2.5 4.3 provided in Table 5, when tested accord-
19 x 25 x 292 17 24 298 2.5 4.3 ing to AASHTO T 249. For Type IA
Inches
pipe, the lock seam strength shall be as
¾x¾x7½ 0.68 0.71 7¾ 0.10 0.17
¾ x 1 x l1 ½ 0.68 0.95 11 ¾ 0.10 0.17
tabulated based on the thickness of the
A
Width is a measurement of the inside of the rib. Alternatively, it can be measured outside the corrugated shell.
rib and shall meet or exceed the minimum width plus 2 wall thicknesses-2t + 17 mm [2t + 0.68 7.5.3 When the ends of helically cor-
in.]. rugated lock seam pipe have been re-
B
Depth is measured as the minimum vertical distance from a straight edge resting on the tops of rolled to form annular corrugations,
the ribs parallel to the axis of the pipe to the outside surface of the flat.
C
Spacing is measured center to center of the ribs, at 90 degrees to the direction of the ribs.
either with or without a flanged end
finish, the lock seam in the rerolled end
shall not contain any visible cracks in the
base metal and the tensile strength of the
TABLE 4 Riveted and Spot-Welded Longitudinal Seams lock seam shall be not less than 60 per-
Nominal Corrugation Size cent of that required in Section 7.5.2.
Specified Sheet 68 X 13 mm (A. D) 2 75 X 25 mm (B, E) 3 125 X 25 mm (C, E) 5 7.6 Helical Continuous Welded Seams-
Thickness 2/3 X ½ in. X 1 in. X I in.
The seam shall be parallel to the corruga-
Rivet or Spot-Weld Diameters, min
tions and shall have a continuous weld
mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in.
1.32 0.052 8.0 5/16 extending from end to end of each length
1.63 0.064 8.0 5/16 9.5 '/8 9.5 3/8 of pipe. Welding shall be done utilizing
2.01 0.079 8.0 5/16 9.5 1/8 9.5 1/8 ultra high frequency resistance equip-
2.77 0.109 9.5 3/8 11.0 '/16 11.0 '/16 ment. Seams shall be welded in such a
3.51 0.138 9.5 3/8 11.0 7/16 11.0 7/16 manner that they will develop the full
4.27 0.168 9.5 3/8 11.0 7/16 11.0 7/16 strength of the pipe and not affect shape
A One rivet or spot weld each valley for pipe diameters 900 mm [36 in.] and smaller, Two rivets or nominal diameter of the pipe. Welded
or spot welds wach valley for pipe diameters 1000 mm [42 in.] and larger.
seams shall be controlled such that the
B Two rivets or spot welds each valley for all pipe diameters.
C Two rivets or spot welds each crest and valley for all pipe diameters. combined width of weld and adjacent
D Minimun width of lap: 38 mm [1 ½ in.] for pipe diameters 900 mm [36 in.] and smaller, and coating burned by welding does not
75 mm [3 in.] for pipe diameters 1000 mm [42 in.] and larger. exceed three times the metal thick-ness.
E Minimum width of lap: 75 mm [3 in.] for pipe of all diameters. Damage outside this width shall be re-
paired as required in Section II. The
fabricator shall certify that the welds
have been tested and found satisfactory.
TABLE 5 Lock Seam Tensile Strength
Specified Sheet ThicknessA Lock Seam Tensile Strength, per Unit Width, min
7.6.1 Continuous welded seams shall
mm in. kN/m Ibf/iin. be tested in accordance with the cup test
1.02 0.040 30 220 procedure (Section 3) of AASHTO T
1.32 0.052 53 300 241. The welded seam shall be accept-
1.63 0.064 74 425 able if the sum of the length of cracks or
2.01 0.079 114 650 other defects on either side of the cup
2.77 0.109 153 875 does not exceed 6.5 mm [¼ in.], basing
3.50 0.138 193 1100 the result on the second test if the first
4.27 0.168 263 1500
A shows greater defects. The provisions of
For Type IA pipe, the thickness shall be that of the corrugated shell.
the referee test method of Section 4 of
AASHTO T 241 shall be
7.5.1 The edges of the sheets within the cross section of the lock seam shall lap at
least 4.0 mm [5/32 in.] for pipe 250 mm [10 in.] or less in diameter and at least 7.9 mm
applicable in the event of disagreement 7.6.1.1 Tests of continuous welded 7.6.1.2 Pipe lengths of 7.3 m [24 ft] or
between the purchaser and the fabricator. seams shall be made as follows: less shall be tested on one end of each
length, normally the trailing end.

25
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

7.6.1.3 If a length of pipe having a di- pipe, a test shall be conducted on both the [½ in.] wide, and shall be square to the
ameter greater than 1200 mm [48 in.] and manually repaired section and on the longitudinal axis of the pipe.
length of 7.3 m [24 ft] or less is rejected, immediately adjacent automatically 7.7.3 The ends of all pipe which will
the following length of pipe produced welded section. If either test results in form the inlet and outlet of culverts,
shall be tested on both ends. If the test on failure under the criterion of Section fabricated of sheets having nominal
either end fails, this entire length shall 7.6.1, the length of pipe shall be rejected. thicknesses of 2.01 mm [0.079 in.] and
also be rejected. 7.7 End Finish: less, shall be reinforced in a manner
7.6.1.4 Pipe lengths greater than 7.3 m 7.7.1 To facilitate field jointing, the approved by the purchaser, when speci-
[24 ft] shall be tested on each end of each ends of the individual pipe sections with fied.
length of pipe. If either end fails, the helical corrugations or ribs may be re-
entire length shall be rejected. rolled to form annular corrugations ex- 8. PIPE REQUIREMENTS
7.6.2 The requirement for conducting tending at least two corrugations from the
quality control tests in accordance with pipe end, or to form an upturned flange
Section 7.6.1 shall not apply for pipe in meeting the requirements in Section 8.1 Type 1, Type IA, and Type IR Pipe:
which the ends have been rerolled to 7.7.2, or both. The diameter of ends shall 8.1.1 Pipe Dimensions-The nominal
form annular corrugations. The manufac- not exceed that of the pipe barrel by more diameter of the pipe shall be as stated in
turer shall maintain visual evaluation of than the depth of the corrugation. All the order, selected from the size listed in
the quality of the weld after rerolling and types of pipe ends, whether rerolled or Table 6. The size of corrugations which
any indication of weld or base metal not, shall be matched in a joint such that are standard for each size of pipe are also
failure will be cause for rejection of the the maximum difference in the diameter shown in Table 6. The average inside
pipe. of abutting pipe ends is 13 mm [½ in.] diameter of circular pipe and pipe to be
7.6.3 Any indication of cracks, skips, 7.7.1.1 When pipe with any size helical reformed into pipe-arches shall not vary
or deficient welds found through visual corrugation or rib is rerolled to form more than 1 percent or 13 mm ['/2 in.],
inspection will be cause for rejection annular corrugatibns in the ends, the whichever is greater, from the nominal
unless repaired. It is the option of the usual size of the annular corrugation is 68 diameter when measured on the inside
fabricator to remove the defective portion by 13 mm [2 2/3 by ½ in.]. crest of the corrugations. Alternately, for
of the length of pipe or to manually repair 7.7.2 If a flanged finish is used on the pipe having annular corrugations, con-
defects in the automatically welded seam. ends of individual pipe sections to facili- formance with the inside diameter re-
Altered or repaired pipe shall meet the tate field jointing, the flange shall be quirement may be determined by measur-
applicable requirements of Section 7.6. uniform in width, be not less than 13 min ing the outside circumference, for which
Where a manual repair occurs within 400 minimum values are given in Table 6.
mm [16 in.] of the end of the length of
TABLE 7 Thicknesses of Metallic Coated Steel
TABLE 6 Pipe Sizes SheetA
Nominal Inside Minimum Outside Specified
Corrugation Sizes' Specification Designation
Diameter Circumference Thickness
75 by 125 by 25 M 289
38 by 68 by 13 Ribbed A 885
mm in. 25mm 3 mm 5 by mm in.
6.5mml mm PipeC M 218
M 274 Alumi-
Zinc and
by 1 in. 1 in. Alumi- num-
100 4 X 284 11.4 mm in. Zinc Aramid
num Zinc
150 6 X 441 17.7 Coated Fiber
Coated Alloy
200 8 X 598 24.0 Coated
Coated
250 10 X 755 30.2 1.02 0.040 X X
300 12 X X 912 36.5 1.32 0.052 X X X
400 15 X X 1226 46.0 1.63 0.064 X X X X
450 18 X X X 1383 55.4 2.01 0.079 X X X X
500 21 X X 1540 64.8 2.77 0.109 X X X X
600 24 X X 1854 74.2 3.51 0.138 X X X X
700 - X X 2169 - 4.27 0.168 X X
800 30 X X 2483 93.1 A
An "X" indicates thicknesses included in the
900 36 X X X X 2797 111.9 applicable specification.
1000 42 X X X X 3111 130.8
NOTE 7-The outside circumference of heli-
1200 48 X X X X 3739 149.6
cally corrugated pipe is influenced by the
1400 54 X X X X 4364 168.4
- 60 X X X X - 187.0
corrugation size and the angle of the corruga-
1600 - X X X X 4987 - tion, affecting the number of corrugations
- 66 X X X X - 205.7 crossed; therefore no minimum measurement
1800 72 X X X X 5609 224.3 can be specified.
2000 78 X X X X 6231 243.0 8.1.2 Sheet Thickness-Sheet thickness
2200 84 X X X X 6853 261.7
- 90 X X X - 280.3
shall be specified by the purchaser from
2400 96 X X X 7475 299.0 the specified sheet thicknesses listed in
- 102 X X X - 317.6 Table 7 (Notes 8 and 9). For Type IA
2700 108 X X X 8408 336.3 pipe, the thickness of both the shell and
- 114 X X - 355.0 the liner shall be given; the thickness of
3000 120 X X 9341 373.6
3300 - X X 10274 - the corrugated shell shall not be less than
3600 - X X 11207 - 60 percent of the thickness of the equiva-
A An "X" indicates standard corrugation sizes for each nominal diameter of pipe. lent Type I pipe; the liner shall have a
B Measured in valley of annular corrugations. Not applicable to helically corrugated pipe. nominal thickness of at least 1.02
C Rib sizes 19 x 19 X 190 mm [¾ x ¾ x 7 ½ in.) and 19 X 25 x 292 mm [¾ x 1 X l1 ½ in.].
mm [0.040 in.]; and the sum of the speci- an equivalent pipe of identical corrugations as the shell according to the design criteria
fied thicknesses of shell and liner shall in AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.
equal or exceed the specified thickness of

26
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

NOTE 8-The sheet thicknesses indicated in 1030 by 740 900 1030 740 75 250
Table 7 are the thicknesses listed as available 1150 by 820 1000 1150 820 90 300
in AASHTO M 218, M 274, and M 289. 1390 by 970 1200 1390 970 125 350
1630 by 1120 1400 1630 1120 150 380
NOTE 9-The purchaser should determine the 1880 by 1260 1600 1880 1260 200 450
required thickness for each of the types of pipe 2130 by 1400 1800 2130 1400 225 500
described in Sections 4.1.1 through 4.1.6 A
A tolerance of 25 mm or 2% of equivalent diameter, whichever is greater, will be permissible in span and rise.
according to the design criteria in AASHTO B
B is defined as the vertical dimension from a horizontal line across the widest portion of the arch to the lowest
Specifications for Highway Bridges, Division portion of the base.
1, Section 12, or other appropriate guidelines.
TABLE 8M (M36) Pipe Arch Requirements 2 2/3 by ½ in. Corrugations
8.1.3 When specified by the purchaser, Minimum
the finished pipe shall be factory elon- Pipe Arch Size, Equivalent Maximum BB
SpanA mm RiseA mm Corner Radius,
mm Diam., mm mm
gated to the extent specified. The elonga- mm
tion shall be accomplished by the use of 17 x 13 15 17 13 3 5¼
a mechanical apparatus which will pro- 21 x 15 18 21 15 3 6
duce a uniform deformation throughout 24 x 18 21 24 18 3 7¼
28 x 20 24 28 20 3 8
the length of the section.
35 X 24 30 35 24 3 9½
8.2 Type II, IIA, and IIR Pipe: 42 x 29 36 42 29 3'/, 10 ½
8.2.1 Pipe-Arch Dimensions-Pipe 49 X 33 42 49 33 4 11 ½
57 x 38 48 57 38 5 13 ½
furnished as Type II, IIA, or HR shall be
64 x 43 54 64 43 6 15
made from Type I, IA, or IR pipe respec- 71 x 47 60 71 47 7 16 ½
tively, and shall be reformed to provide a 77 x 52 66 77 52 8 18
pipe-arch shape. All applicable require- 83 x 57 72 83 57 9 20
A
ments for Types 1, IA, and IR pipe shall A tolerance of plus or minus 1 in. or 2 percent of equivalent diameter, whichever is greater, is permissible in
be met by finished Types II, IIA, and IIR span and rise.
B
B is defined as the vertical dimension from a horizontal line across the widest portion of the arch to the lowest
pipe, respectively. Pipe-arches shall portion of the base.
conform to the dimensional requirements
of Tables 8M, 9M, or 1 OM [Tables 8, 9, TABLE 9M (M 36M) Pipe Arch Requirements 75 by 25 mm or 125 by 25 mm Corrugations
or 10]. All dimensions shall be measured Pipe Arch Size, Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
SpanA mm RiseA mm
from the inside crests of corrugations for mm mm Radius, mm
Type II pipe or from the inside liner or 1000 by 770 900 1000 - 50 770 + 50 125
1100 by 850 1000 1100 - 50 850 + 50 150
surface for Types HA or IIR, respec-
1330 by 1030 1200 1330 - 50 1030 + 50 175
tively. 1550 by 1200 1400 1550 - 70 1200 + 70 200
8.2.2 Longitudinal Seams-Longitudinal 1780 by 1360 1600 1780 - 85 1360 + 85 300
seams of riveted or spot-welded pipe- 2080 by 1530 1800 2010 - 90 1530 + 90 350
arches shall not be placed in the corner 2230 by 1700 2000 2230 - 110 1700 + 110 350
radius. 2500 by 1830 2200 2500 - 130 1830 + 130 400
2800 by 1950 2400 2800 - 140 1950 + 140 450
8.2.3 Reforming Type IR into Type 3300 by 2080 2700 3300 - 160 2080 + 160 450
IIR pipe shall be done in such a manner 3650 by 2280 3000 3650 - 170 2280 + 170 450
A
as to avoid damage to the external ribs. Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances; no
tolerance in opposite direction
8.3 Type III Pipe:
8.3.1 Type III pipe shall have a full TABLE 9 (M 36) Pipe Arch Requirements 3 by 1 in. or 5 by 1 in. Corrugations
circular cross-section and shall conform Pipe Arch Size, Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
SpanA mm RiseA mm
mm mm Radius, mm.
to the requirements for Type I pipe, and
40 X 31 36 40 - 1.8 31 + 1.8 5
in addition shall contain perforations 46 X 36 42 46 - 2.1 36 + 2.1 6
conforming to one of the classes de- 53 X 41 48 53 - 2.4 41 + 2.4 7
scribed in Section 8.3.2. 60 X 46 54 60 - 2.7 46 + 2.7 8
8.3.2 Perforations-The perforations 66X51 60 66-3.0 51+3.0 9
shall conform to the requirements for 73 X 55 66 73 - 3.3 55 + 3.3 12
81 X 59 72 81 - 3.6 59 + 3.6 14
Class I, unless otherwise specified in the 87 X 63 78 87 - 4.4 63 + 4.4 14
order. Class I perforations are for pipe 95 X 67 84 95 - 4.8 67 + 4.8 16
intended to be used for subsurface drain- 103 x71 90 103-5.2 71 + 5.2 16
age. Class 2 and 3 perforations are for 112 X 75 96 112 - 5.6 75 + 5.6 18
pipe intended to be used for subsurface 117 X 79 102 117 - 5.9 79 + 5.9 18
disposal of water, but pipe containing 128 X 83 108 128 - 6.4 83 + 6.4 18
Class 2 and 3 perforations may also be 137 X 87 114 137 - 6.9 87 + 6.9 18
used for subsurface drainage. 142 X 91 120 142 - 7.1 91 + 7.1 18
A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances, no
TABLE 8M (M 36M) Pipe Arch Require- tolerance in opposite direction.
ments 68 by 13 mm Corrugations 8.3.2.1 Class I Perforations-The perforations shall be approximately circular and
Minimum
Pipe Arch Equivalent cleanly cut; shall have nominal BB of not less than 4.8 mm [3/16 in.] nor greater
diameters
Maximum
SpanA mm RiseA mm 3 Corner Ra-
Size, mm Diam., mm than 9.5 mm [ /8dius,
in.];mm mm
and shall be arranged in rows parallel to the axis of the pipe. The
450 by 340 400 460 perforations
340 shall be75 located on the
120inside crests or along the neutral axis of the corru-
510 by 380 450 510 gations,
380 with one perforation
75 in each
125 row for each corrugation. Pipe connected by cou-
560 by 420 500 560 plings
420or bands may 75be unperforated
130 within 100 mm [4 in.] of each end of each length
680 by 500 600 680 500 The rows of
of pipe. 75perforations 150
shall be arranged in two equal groups placed symmet-
800 by 580 700 800 580on either side
rically 75 of a lower unperforated
185 segment corresponding to the flow line of
910 by 660 800 910 the 660
pipe. The spacing 75 of the rows 200shall be uniform. The distance between the center

27
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

lines of rows shall be not less than 25 1550 X 1200 1400 1550 - 70 1200 + 70 200
1780 X 1360 1600 1780 - 85 1360 + 85 300
mm [1 in.]. The minimum number of A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances; no
longitudinal rows of perforations, the tolerance in opposite direction.
maximum heights of the centerlines of
the uppermost rows above the bottom of TABLE 10 Pipe-Arch Requirements- ¾ x ¾ x 7 ½ = in. or ¾ x 1 x 11 ½ in.
the invert, and the inside chord lengths of Rib Corrugations
the unperforated segments illustrated in Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
Pipe Arch Size, mm SpanA mm RiseA mm
Figure 1 shall be as specified in Table 11. mm Radius, mm.
20 X 16 18 20 - 1.0 16 + 1.0 5
NOTE 10-Pipe with Class I perforations is 23X 19 21 23 - 1.0 19 + 1.0 5
generally available in diameters from 100 to 27x21 24 27-1.5 21+1.5 5
500 mm [4 to 21 in.] inclusive, although 33 X 26 30 33 - 1.5 26 + 1.5 5
perforated pipe in larger sizes may be ob- 40X31 36 40 - 1.8 31 + 1.8 5
46 X 36 42 46 - 2.1 36 + 2.1 6
tained.
53 X 41 48 53 - 2.4 41 + 2.4 7
60 X 46 54 60 - 2.7 46 + 2.7 8
8.3.2.2 Class 2 Perforations-The perfo- 66 x 51 60 66 - 3.0 51 + 3.0 9
rations shall be circular holes with nomi- A
Negative and positive numbers listed with span and rise dimensions are negative and positive tolerances; no
nal diameters of 8.0 to 9.5 mm [5/16 to tolerance in opposite direction.
3/8 In.], or slots with nominal widths of
4.8 to 8.0 mm [3/16 to 5/16 in.] and not
to exceed 13 mm [½ in.] in length. The
perforations shall be uniformly spaced
around the full periphery of the pipe. The
perforations shall provide an opening
area of not less than 230 square centime-
ters per square meter [3.3 sq. in. per sq.
ft] of pipe surface based on nominal
diameter and length of pipe.
NOTE 11-323 perforations, 9.5-mm diameter,
per square meter [30 perforations, 3/8 in.
diameter, per sq. ft] satisfies this requirement.

8.3.2.3 Class 3 Perforations-The perfo-

rations shall be slots with a width of 2.5 t
1.0 mm [0.10 ± 0.40 in.] and length of 25
± 6.5 mm [1.0 ± 0.25 in.], spaced 45 to
65 mm [1 ¾ to 2 ½ in.] on centers around
the circumference and staggered on the
outside crests of the corrugations of the
pipe. No metal shall be removed in mak-
ing the slot. Slots shall be made from the
inside of the pipe.
8.4 Type IIIA Pipe:
8.4.1 Type IIIA pipe shall be fabri- TABLE 11 Rows of Perforations, Height "H" of the Centerline of the Uppermost Rows Above the Invert,
cated of an unperforated semicircular and Chord Length "L" of L: nperforated Segment, for Class I Perforations
bottom section with a top shield of cor- Internal Diameter of Pipe Rows of Perfora- H. maxB L, minB
mm in. tionsA mm in. mm in.
rugated steel, both of nominal 1.32 mm 100 4 2 46 1.8 64 2.6
[0.052 in.] thickness or greater. The 150 6 4 69 2.8 96 3.8
smooth semi-circular bottom 200 8 4 92 3.7 128 5.1
250 10 4 115 4.6 160 6.4
TABLE 10M Pipe-Arch Requirements-19 X
300 12 6` 138 5.5 192 7.7
19 X 190 mm or 19 X 25 X 292 mm
400 15 6c 184 6.9 256 9.6
Rib Corrugations 450 18 6` 207 8.3 288 11.5
Equivalent Diam., Minimum Corner
Pipe Arch Size, mm SpanA mm 500 RiseA mm 21 6 230 9.7 320 13.4
mm Radius, mm.
600 and larger 24 and larger 8 D' ID' D' D'
500 X 400 450 500 - 25
A 400 + 25 125
Minimum number of rows. A greater number of rows for increased inlet area shall be subject to agreement
550 X 450 500 550 - 25 450 + 25 125
between purchaser and fabricator. Note that the number of perforations per unit length in each row (and inlet
680 X 530 600 680 - 40 530 + 40 125
area) is dependent on the corrugation pitch.
770 x 630 700 770 - 40
B 630 + 40 125
See Figure I for location of dimensions "H" and "L".
880 X 690 800 880 - 40
C 690 + 40 125
Minimum of 4 rows permitted in pipe with 38 by 6.5 mm [1'/, by '/4 in.] corrugations.
1000 X 770 900 1000 - 50
D 770 + 50 125
H(max) = 0.46D; L(min) = 0.64D, where D = internal diameter of pipe, millimeters or inches as appropriate
1100 X 850 1000 1100 - 50 850 + 50 160
1330 x 1030 1200 1330 - 50 1030 + 50 175
section shall be approximately 120 mm have corrugations approximately 22 nun tuminous Coated. If full or partial smooth
[4 5/8 in.] in diameter and shall have a [7/8 in.] center to center and approxi- lining is desired, it shall be specified by
continuous lip extending outward along mately 8.0 mm [5/16 in.] depth. the purchaser. (See Section 1.1.1 and
each side; the corrugated top shield shall 8.5 Pipe Fabricated From Zinc and AASHTO M 190.)
be approximately 160 mm [6 3/8 in.] Aramid Fiber Composite Coated Sheet-
wide including a 19 mm [¾ in.] sloping Pipe which has been fabricated from zinc
overhang on each side and shall be se- 9. COUPLING BANDS
and aramid fiber composite coated sheet
cured to the lip of the bottom section by shall be coated with asphalt as described
integral tabs spaced at about 90 mm [3 ½ in AASHTO M 190, Type A, Fully Bi-
in.] center to center. The top shield shall
28
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

9.1 Types of Coupling Bands-Field joints
for each type of corrugated steel pipe
shall maintain pipe alignment during
construction and prevent infiltration of
fill material during the life of the installa-
tion. Coupling bands may be of the fol-
lowing types:
Bands with annular corrugations,
Bands with helical corrugation,
Bands with projections (dimples),
Channel bands for upturned flanges, with
or without annular corrugations,
Flat bands, and
Smooth sleeve-type couplers.
Except as provided in Sections 9.1.1
through 9.1.4, the type of coupling fur-
nished shall be at the option of the fabri-
cator unless the type is specified in the
order.
NOTE 12-Bands are classified according to
their ability to resist shear, moment, and
tensile forces as described in AASHTO Speci-
fications for Highway Bridges, Division H.
Section 26, and identified as "standard joints"
and "special joints." The first four types of
bands listed in Section 9.1 and meeting the
requirements of Section 9.2 are expected to
meet the requirements for "standard joints."
Some may also be able to meet the require-
ments for "special joints," but such capability
should be determined by analysis or test.
9.1.1 Coupling bands with annular
corrugations shall be used only with pipe
with annular corrugations, or helical pipe
in which the ends have been rerolled to wide shall have two annular rows of
form annular corrugations. The corruga- projections and bands 415 or 560 mm [16
tions in the band shall have the same ¼ or 22 in.] wide shall have four annular
dimensions as the corrugations in the rows of projections.
pipe end, or may be of a special design to 9.1.4 Channel bands may be used only
engage only the first or second corruga- with pipe having upturned flanges on the
tion from the end of each pipe. The band pipe ends.
may also include a U-shaped channel to
accommodate upturned flanges on the 9.1.5 Smooth sleeve-type couplers and
flat bands may be used only with Type III
pipe.
and IIIA pipe of 300 mm [12 in.] diame-
ter or smaller.
TABLE 12 Coupling Band Thickness 9.2 Requirements-Coupling bands shall
Nominal Coupling
Nominal Pipe Thick-
Band Thickness Mini-
be fabricated to lap on an equal portion of
ness each of the pipe sections to be connected.
mum
mm in. mm in. The ends of the bands shall lap or be
2.77 and 0.109 and fabricated to form a tightly closed joint
1.32 0.052
thinner thinner upon installation. Coupling band thick-
3.51 0.138 1.63 0.064 ness shall conform to the requirements in
4.27 0.168 2.01 0.079 Table 12, based on the sheet thickness of
the pipe to be connected, except as pro-
vided in Sections 9.2.1 and 9.2.2. The
9.1.2 Coupling bands with helical
band width shall be not less than as
corrugations shall be used only with pipe
shown in Table 13. The bands shall be
with helically corrugated ends. The cor-
connected in a manner approved by the
rugations in the bands shall be designed
purchaser with suitable galvanized de-
to properly mesh with the corrugations in
vices such as: angles, or integrally or
the pipe.
separately formed and attached flanges,
9.1.3 Coupling bands with projections bolted with zinc-coated bolts; bars and
(dimples) may be used with pipe with straps; wedge lock and straps; or lugs.
either annular or helical corrugations. Coupling bands shall be fastened with the
The bands shall be formed with the pro- following size of bolts:
jections in annular rows with one projec-
tion for each corrugation of helical pipe.
Bands 265 or 300 mm [10 ½ or 12 in.]

TABLE 13 Coupling Band Width Requirements

Nominal Pipe Inside Di- Coupling Band Width, min
A
Nominal Corrugation Size
ameter, B Annular Corrugated Bands Helically Corrugated Bands Bands With Projections
M 36M – All values in millimeters
38 by 6.4 100 to 450 265 180 265
68 by 13 300 to 900 180 300 265
1000 to 1800 265 300 265
C
2000 to 2200 265 300 415
75 by 25 900 to 1800 300 350 265
2000 to 3600 300 350 415
125 by 25 900 to 1800 500 560 300
2000 to 3600 500 560 560
M 36 - All values in inches
1 ½ by ¼ 4 to 18 10 ½ 7 10 ½
2 2/3 by ½ 12 to 36 7 12 10 ½
42 to 72 10 ½ 12 10 ½
78 to 84c 10 ½ 12 16 ¼
3 by 1 36 to 72 12 14 10 ½
78 to 120 12 14 16 ¼
5 by 1 36 to 72 20 22 12
78 to 120 20 22 22
A
For helically corrugated pipe with rerolled ends, the nominal corrugation size refers to the dimensions of the end corrugations in the pipe.
B
Equivalent diameter for Type 11, IIA, and IIR pipe.
C
Diameters through 3600 mm [120 in.] for annular corrugated bands used on rerolled ends of helically corrugated pipe
Pipe diameters 450 mm [18 in.] and less- corporating a locking channel not less mm [0.040 in.], or as an option, may be a
M 10 [3/8 in.] diameter than 19 mm [¾ in.] in width. The depth plastic sleeve to provide equivalent
Pipe diameters 500 mm [21 in.] and of the channel shall be not less than 13 strength. The coupling shall be close-
greater-M 12 [½ in.] diameter
mm [½ in.]. The channel band shall have fitting, to hold the pipe firmly in align-
Type IIIA pipe-M 8 [5/16 in.] diameter
a minimum nominal thickness of 2.01 ment without the use of sealing com-
9.2.1 If flanges are provided on the mm [0.079 in.]. pounds or gaskets. The coupling or flat
pipe ends, the coupling may also be made band shall contain a device so that the
9.2.2 Smooth sleeve type couplings
by interlocking the flanges with a pre- band or coupling will lap equally on the
and flat bands shall be steel having a
formed channel band or other band in- two pipes being joined. The overall
nominal thickness of not less than 1.02
29
M 36M
length of the coupling shall be equal to or
greater than the nominal diameter of the
pipe.
9.3 Gaskets-Where infiltration or ex-
filtration is a concern, the couplings may
be required to have gaskets. The closed-
cell expanded rubber gaskets shall be a
continuous band, approximately 180 mm
[7 in.] wide and approximately 9.5 nun
[3/8 in.] thick. Rubber O-ring gaskets
shall be 20 mm [13/16 in.] diameter for
pipe diameters of 900 mm [36 in.] or
smaller, and 22 mm [7/8 in.] diameter for
larger pipe diameters, having 13 mm [½
in.] deep end corrugations. Rubber 0-ring
gaskets shall be 35 mm [13/8 in.] diameter
for pipe having 25 mm [1 in.] deep-end
corrugations.
NOTE 13-Riveted and spot-welded pipe is not
water tight, having small openings at the
intersection of longitudinal and circumferential
seams. Therefore, these types of fabrication
should not be used where water tightness is a
concern unless the pipe is bituminous coated
or lined prior to installation.
9.4 Other types of coupling bands or
fastening devices which are equally
effective as those described, and which
comply with the joint performance crite-
ria of AASHTO Standard Specifications
for Highway Bridges, Division H, Sec-
tion 26 may be used when approved by
purchaser.
10. WORKMANSHIP
10.1 The complete pipe shall show
careful, finished workmanship in all
particulars. Pipe which has been dam-
aged, either during fabrication or in
shipping. may be rejected unless repairs
are made which are satisfactory to the
purchaser. Among others, the following
defects shall be considered as constitut-
ing poor workmanship:
Variation from a straight centerline
Elliptical shape in pipe intended to be
round
Dents or bends in the metal
Metallic coating which has been bruised,
broken, or otherwise damaged
Lack of rigidity
Illegible markings on the steel sheet
Ragged or diagonal sheared edges
Uneven laps in riveted or spot welded
pipe
Loose, unevenly lined, or unevenly spaced
rivets
Defective spot welds or continuous welds
Loosely formed lockseams
11. REPAIR OF DAMAGED COAT-
INGS
11.1 Pipe on which the metallic coat-
ing has been burned by welding beyond
the limits provided in Sections 7.4.2 and
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS
7.6, or has been otherwise damaged in
fabricating or handling, shall be repaired.
The repair shall be done so that the com-
pleted pipe shall show careful finished
workmanship in all particulars. Pipe
which, in the opinion of the purchaser,
has not been cleaned or coated satisfacto-
rily may be rejected. If the purchaser so
elects, the repair shall be done in his
presence.
11.2 The damaged area shall be re-
paired in conformance with ASTM A 780
(Note 14), except as described herein.
The damaged area shall be cleaned to
bright metal by blast cleaning, power
disk sanding, or wire brushing. The
cleaned area shall extend at least 13 mm
[½ in.] into the undamaged section of the
coating. The cleaned area shall be coated
within 24 hours and before any rusting or
soiling.
NOTE 14-While ASTM A 780 specifically
refers to repair of damaged zinc coatings, the
same procedures are applicable to repair of
other metallic coatings except as described in
this section.
11.3 Zinc-Rich Paint Coating-Zinc-
rich paint shall be applied to a dry film
thickness of at least 0.13 mm [0.005 in.]
over the damaged section and surround-
ing cleaned area. Zinc-rich paint shall be
used for repair of damage to all types of
metallic coating-zinc, aluminum, and
aluminum-zinc alloy.
11.4 Metallizing Coating-The dam-
aged area shall be cleaned as described in
Section 11.2, except it shall be cleaned to
the near-white condition. The repair
coating applied to the cleaned section
shall have a thickness of not less than
0.13 mm [0.005 in.] over the damaged
section and shall taper off to zero thick-
ness at the edges of the cleaned undam-
aged section.
11.4.1 Where zinc coating is to be met-
allized, it shall be done with zinc wire
containing not less than 99.98-percent
zinc.
11.4.2 Where aluminum coating is to be
metallized, it shall be done with alumi-
num wire containing not less than 99-
percent aluminum.
11.4.3 Where aluminum-zinc alloy
coating is to be metallized, it shall be
done by using the materials described in
Sections 11.4.1 or 11.4.2, or by using an
alloy wire of 55-percent aluminum
and.45-percent zinc by mass.
11.5 Pipe on which zinc and araniid
fiber composite coating is damaged by
welding during fabrication of fittings, or
otherwise damaged during handling or
shipping, shall be repaired as described in
Sections 11.2 through 11.4.
11.6 Materials used to repair damaged
bituminous coating shall be compatible
with the previous coating. Repair coat-
ings shall be of equal thickness to the
original coating as a minimum and shall
have equal adherence.
12. INSPECTION
12.1 The purchaser or his representa-
tive shall have free access to the fabricat-
ing plant for inspection, and every facil-
ity shall be extended to him for this
purpose. This inspection shall include an
examination of the pipe for the items in
Section 10.1 and the specific require-
ments of this specification applicable to
the type of pipe and method of fabrica-
tion.
12.2 On a random basis, samples may
be taken for chemical analysis and metal-
lic coating measurements for check pur-
poses. These samples will be secured
from fabricated pipe or from sheets or
coils of the material used in fabrication of
the pipe. The weight of metallic coating
shall be determined in accordance with
AASHTO T 65 for zinc, AASHTO T 213
for aluminum, and the dilute hydrochloric
acid method of AASHTO T 65 for alu-
minum-zinc alloy.
13. REJECTION
13.1 Pipe failing to conform to the
specific requirements of this specifica-
tion, or that shows poor workmanship,
may be rejected. This requirement applies
not only to the individual pipe, but to any
shipment as a whole where a substantial
number of pipe are defective.
If the average deficiency in length of any
shipment of pipe is greater than 1 per-
cent, the shipment may be rejected.
14. CERTIFICATION
14.1 When specified in the purchase
order or contract, a manufacturer's or
fabricator's certification, or both, shall be
furnished to the purchaser stating that
samples representing each lot have been
tested and inspected in accordance with
this specification and have been found to
meet the requirements for the material
described in the order. When specified in
the order, a report of the test results shall
be furnished.
ANNEX
Al. QUALIFICATION OF RESIS-
TANCE SPOT WELDING
EQUIPMENT
30
M 36M SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS

A1.1 General-Welding equipment shall sheet 38-mm [1½-in.] minimum width by 2.01 0.079 23.1 5200
be of sufficient capacity, of such design, 125-mm [5-in.] minimum length and 2.77 0.109 31.1 7000
and in such condition as to make possible joining them together by a single spot 3.51 0.138 37.8 8500
4.27 0.168 44.5 10000
the production of first-class welds. Be- weld duplicating the size to be used in
fore being permitted to perform welding production. The length of lap shall be 38
on corrugated steel pipe, resistance spot mm [1 ½ in.]. The longer axis of speci- A1.3 Verification-After a machine and
welding machines and operations shall be men shall be parallel to the direction of operator have been qualified by the fore-
qualified by means of the test prescribed rolling. Test the specimens in tension to going procedure, to insure that qualifica-
in Section A1.2. Tests shall be performed destruction in a standard calibrated test- tion is maintained, make three tension
by the fabricator's shop or by a recog- ing machine. The minimum shear shear tests at the start of each work shift,
nized independent laboratory at no ex- strength in kilonewtons [pounds force] as and make three tension shear tests for
pense to the purchaser. Qualification tests determined by this test shall be not less each change in sheet thickness.
performed by the fabricator's shop shall than that shown in Table A1.1 for nomi- A1.4 Machine Setting-One copy of the
be made in the presence of the represen- nal thickness of sheet used in the test. approved machine setting shall be posted
tative of the purchaser. on the machine for use by the machine
A1.2 Qualification-Perform three TABLE A1.1 Shear Strength of Spot Welds operator. No settings shall be varied,
tension shear tests representing each Specified Sheet Minimum Shear
except weld phase shift and pressure
Thickness Strength
thickness of sheet to be used in the fabri- which may be varied by 10 percent plus
mm in. kN lbf
cation of the pipe. Prepare specimens by (M 36M) (M 36) (M 36M) (M 36) or minus.
lapping two strips of corrugated steel 1.63 0.064 18.2 4100

31