Research Designs

Guide Questions

What are the quantitative research designs?

What are the stages in conducting an experimental research
design?

Practical Research 1 Research Designs

Quantitative Research Designs

Quantitative research focuses on numbers, statistics, and

relationships between variables.

Practical Research 1 Research Designs

Types of Quantitative Research Designs

Experimental Research Design. This design bases its

research method on a scientific activity called experiment, in
which a test or examination of a thing under a manipulated or
controlled environment is done to determine the validity or
truthfulness of such thing. This design involves two groups of
subjects:
the experimental group on which the condition, treatment, or
intervention is applied; and
the control group that is not given any treatment or condition.
Following this experimental design, you conduct two kinds of
test:
pre-test for both groups; and
post-test for the experimental or treatment group to see the
difference between them

Practical Research 1 Research Designs

Experimental Research Design

There are two types of experimental research designs, the true

experimental design and the quasi-experimental design.
True Experimental Design. What proves this as a true
experimental design is its random selection of participants. It
is a bias-free selection that ensures objectivity of results.
Quasi-Experimental Design. The non-adherence of this
research design to random selection of participants is the
reason it got the name, quasi-experimental research, which
means a research with the capacity to yield findings that are
seemingly or more or less true.

Practical Research 1 Research Designs

Experimental Research Design Stages
The true experimental and quasi-experimental designs follow the
same stages in research designing. Their difference lies only in the
participant-selection process, in that the first is randomized while
the second is purposive.
1 Clear knowledge of the research objectives that enable you to
decide not only the kind of research you have to do, but also
on the manner you have to follow in conducting the research.
2 Formulation of hypothesis to state your guesses of what may
not be true (null hypothesis) or may be true (alternative
hypothesis) about the results.
3 Method of testing your hypotheses or of examining their
validity like deciding whether you have to follow the
experimental design or the quasi-experimental design.
4 Choice of which instrument to use in collecting data.
Practical Research 1 Research Designs
Experimental Research Design Stages

5 Process of selecting the subjects to compose the control

group and the experimental group.
6 Performance of experimentation that allows control of the
cropping up of extraneous variables and of the experimenter’s
bias
7 Collection and analysis of data.

Practical Research 1 Research Designs

Non-Experimental Research Design

Non-experimental design is a quantitative research design that is

capable of giving qualitative and quantitative data. Unlike the
experimental design that allows manipulation or control of some
aspects of the research, non-experimental research design shuns
controlling variables. Instead, it involves variables the way they
naturally exist.

Practical Research 1 Research Designs

Types of Non-Experimental Research Design

Descriptive. depicts an image or a picture of an individual or

a group
Comparative. states the differences or similarities between or
among people, things, objects, etc.
Correlative. shows the extent and direction of variable
relationships, that is, whether a negative or positive
relationship exists between or among them.
Survey. describes the attitudes, preferences, views, feelings,
and other behavioral patterns of a big number of people for
arriving at a certain conclusion about societal concerns and
issues.
Ex Post Facto. this has the purpose of deriving data from
things that are by nature taking place, so as to obtain
explanations about past events.
Practical Research 1 Research Designs