TIME EXPRESSIONS FOR THE PRESENT PERFECT

ALREADY, EVER, NEVER, JUST, YET.

EVER = ALGUNA VEZ / Questions

Have / Has + Personal Pronoun + ever + Verb Past Participle + complement?

 Have you ever been to England? = ¿Alguna vez has estado en Inglaterra?

 Has she ever met the President? = ¿Alguna vez ha conocido al Presidente?

 Haven’t they ever played soccer? = ¿Alguna vez ellos no han jugado fútbol?

Have you ever broken a cup?

Yes, I have broken a cup. / No, I have not. / No, I have never broken a cup.

JUST = ACABAR DE - APENAS. (RECIENTEMENTE) – Affirmative Sentences

Personal Pronoun + (have – has) + JUST + Verb Past Participle + complement.

 I have just finished my homework.

 My father has just eaten his breakfast.

 I have just called her.

 They have just announced the list.

 I have just left my job.

 He has just drunk coffee.

 Her husband has just changed the diaper of her son.

 NEVER = NUNCA

Affirmative Sentences = NOT – N’T

Subject + Has / Have + NEVER + Verb Past Participle + complement

 I have never watched the fast and furious movies.

Yo NUNCA he visto las películas de RF

 My brother has never drunk gin.

Mi hermano NUNCA ha bebido gin

No confundir NEVER con HAVE NOT.

Son dos cosas palabras distintas y no deben ir juntas en una misma oración.

 I have never been to France. = Yo nunca he estado en Francia.

 I haven’t been to France= Yo no he estado en Francia.

I haven’t never been to France = Yo no nunca he estado en Francia. NOT OK

(No se puede negar dos veces una oración)

ALREADY = YA / Affirmative Sentences

Subject + Has – Have + ALREADY + Verb Past Participle + Complement

 We have already learnt that topic.

Nosotros YA hemos aprendido ese tema.

 Julian has already bought a new microphone.

Julian YA ha comprado un Nuevo micrófono

 Miss Chalán has already done her homework.

La señorita Chalán YA ha realizado sus deberes.

YET = NEGATIVE SENTENCES (AÚN – TODAVÍA) / QUESTIONS (YA)

(Tip: Siempre se lo escribe al final)

Negative Sentences:

Subject + auxiliary + verb past participle + complement + YET.

 She has not driven her new car yet. = Ella aún no ha conducido su carro Nuevo
 You have not written your essay yet. = Tú aún no has escrito tu ensayo.

Questions:

Have – Has + subject + verb past participle + complement + YET?

Have you done your homework yet? = ¿Ya has hecho tus tareas?

Sólo use ever (alguna vez) O yet (ya) en “Yes/No Questions”.

Al usarlas wh-question a pesar que la estructura gramatical está correcta, la pregunta

empieza carecer de sentido.