Free Talk Senior

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Free Talk
Senior
BoxEnglish Textbook
Intermediate High ‐ 1

Made by BoxEnglish
2010‐01‐21

전 화 영 어 ,화 상 영 어
박스잉글리쉬 전화영어의 일반과정 교재입니다.
(주 )에 듀 메 이 트
Free Talk Senior

Lesson 1 Scientists say they can read dreams

Japanese scientists say they have found a way to "read" people's dreams. Researchers
at the ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories used magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) for what they say is, "the world's first decoding" of night‐time visions. Their
research is published in the journal "Science". The researchers wrote: "Visual imagery
during sleep has long been a topic of persistent speculation, but its private nature has
hampered objective analysis. Here, we present a neural decoding approach in which
machine learning models predict the contents of visual imagery during sleep." They
were able to predict what images their volunteers had seen with a 60 per cent accuracy
rate.

The research is a part of a wider program aimed at studying the brain. It hopes to
unlock the secrets of the unconscious mind to help the disabled move artificial limbs
using brain activity. It could also help those with dementia and other neurological
conditions. A spokesperson said: "Our expectations from the dream study are quite
high, but we are also looking carefully at the ethical aspects of the technology, which
may allow a third person to look at somebody else's thoughts." Head researcher
Yukiyasu Kamitani said, "Dreams have fascinated people since ancient times, but their
function and meaning has remained closed". He believes his research is "a key step
towards reading dreams more precisely".

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

Free Talk Senior

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. What technology did the scientists use to "read" people's dreams?
2. What did the scientists say was a world first?
3. What have visions during sleep been a topic of for a long time?
4. What has always got in the way of "objective analysis"?
5. How precisely were researchers able to predict images volunteers saw?
6. How do scientists hope to help disabled people?
7. Who else could the research help besides the disabled?
8. How hopeful are researchers their research will bear fruit?
9. What considerations are the researchers looking into?
10. For how long did a researcher say dreams have fascinated us?

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What springs to mind when you hear the word 'dream'?
2. What kinds of dreams do you have?
3. Would you like to be able to read your dreams?
4. Do you think this is a good use of technology?
5. Would you like to be able to read everything in someone's mind?
6. Would you like to volunteer for this research?
7. How interested are you in the meaning of dreams?
8. Has anything you've dreamt about come true?
9. Do you ever dream in English?
10. Do you think scientist should unlock the brain secrets?
11. Whose mind or dreams would you like to read?
12. Who would you allow to read your deepest thoughts?
13. How could this technology improve people's lives?
14. What questions would you like to ask the scientists?
15. Could this technology cure the world's mental health?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 2 Cycling is bad for the environment

An American lawmaker has said cycling is bad for the environment. He also said cyclists
should pay a tax to ride their bikes on the roads. Ed Orcutt, a representative from
Washington State, sent an e‐mail to the owner of a local bike shop to outline his
thinking. He wrote: "A cyclist has an increased heart rate and respiration. That means
that the act of riding a bike results in greater emissions of carbon dioxide from the rider.
Since CO2 is… a greenhouse gas… cyclists are actually polluting when they ride." Mr.
Orcutt said: "You can't just say that there's no pollution as a result of riding a
bicycle….You would be giving off more CO2 if you are riding a bike than driving in a car."

Mr. Orcutt also believes cyclists should be taxed to use the roads. He said it was unfair
that motorists have to pay all of the costs of building and repairing roads. He wrote:
"Currently motorists are paying to use their cars on the roads…so if cars pay for the
roads they are using, it only makes sense that bicyclists would also be required to pay
for the roads they use when they are actually biking on them." Dale Carlson, owner of
the Tech Bike Shop said Mr. Orcutt’s ideas were wrong. He wrote: "People who choose
to ride a bicycle instead of driving a car actively reduce congestion." He added: "They
save wear and tear on our roads and bridges, and reduce the [need for police] to patrol
our highways."


Free Talk Senior

1. Who said cycling was bad for the environment?
2. To whom did the guy send an e‐mail?
3. What did the guy say increased because of riding a bike?
4. What did the guy say CO2 was?
5. What did he say about riding a bicycle and driving a car?
6. What did the guy want to tax cyclists for?
7. What do motorists have to pay for?
8. Who is Dale Carlson?
9. What do bike riders help reduce?
10. How do cyclists help roads and bridges?

1. What did you think when you read the headline?
2. What springs to mind when you hear the word 'cycling'?
3. What do you think of cycling?
4. Do you agree with Ed Orcutt that cycling is bad for the environment?
5. Should cyclists cycle less to reduce CO2 emissions?
6. What do you think cyclists think of Mr. Orcutt's comments?
7. What are the benefits of cycling?
8. Is your town good for cyclists?
9. Do you think there should be a cycling tax to help pay for roads?
10. Is it unfair that motorists pay for the building and repair of roads?
11. What problems would be reduced if people cycled instead of drove?
12. Are we becoming more or less of a car‐driving world?
13. Could you / your family survive without a car?
14. How would your life / health change if you cycled everywhere?
15. What questions would you like to ask Ed Orcutt?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 3 Teenager makes millions with news app

A British teenager has become a multi‐millionaire after selling an app he created to
web giant Yahoo. The deal is reported to be worth up to $30 million and includes a
position working on Yahoo's future mobile projects. Nick D'Aloisio, 17, started his
Summly app when he was just 15. He was studying for school exams and became
frustrated at ploughing through lengthy online articles. He created the app to
summarize long reports so people could more easily digest the content. Yahoo's boss of
mobile content development Adam Cahan said: "It started with an insight, that we live
in a world of constant information and need new ways to simplify how we find the
stories that are important to us, at a glance."

Mr. D'Aloisio started coding when he was 12 years old and developed the bulk of his
Summly app in his bedroom. He launched his app when he was 15 and it soon attracted
over $1.5 million of investment, including from Hollywood stars Ashton Kutcher and
Stephen Fry. The acquisition by Yahoo makes the British teen one of the world's
youngest self‐made millionaires. He believes his tie‐up with Yahoo is perfect, saying:
"To me, Yahoo is the best company to be joining right now because it's one of these
classic Internet companies. With new leadership from Marissa Mayer, Yahoo has a
strong focus on mobile and product, and that's the perfect fit for Summly."


Free Talk Senior

1. What has a British teenager become?
2. What will he do at Yahoo?
3. What frustration led him to start Summly?
4. What can people do more easily with the app?
5. What kind of world did a Yahoo boss say we live in?
6. How much of the app did Nick develop in his bedroom?
7. Who invested in Summly?
8. What is Nick one of the world's youngest?
9. What kind of company did Nick say Yahoo was?
10. What is Yahoo focusing on?

1. What springs to mind when you hear the word 'app'?
2. What do you think of the idea of Summly?
3. What do you think it's like to become a millionaire at the age of 17?
4. Do you think it's a good deal for Yahoo?
5. Why do you think Nick has taken a job with Yahoo when he's so rich?
6. What frustrates you about reading things online?
7. How clever do you have to be to write an app?
8. In what ways do we "live in a world of constant information"?
9. Should all kids learn to code?
10. What would you do next week if you had $30 million?
11. Can you see possibilities for you to get rich via the Internet?
12. How can we get kids to be business‐minded with technology?
13. What do you think of Yahoo?
14. What company would be the perfect fit for you?
15. What do you think his answers might be?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 4 South Korea ‘bans’ miniskirts

A new law has come into force in South Korea that effectively bans the wearing of
miniskirts. The controversial piece of legislation is called the "overexposure law" and is
an attempt by the government to curb what it views as public indecency. Anyone
caught wearing a miniskirt could be fined around $45. It is one of the first laws to be
passed by new president Park Geun‐hye and has come under considerable criticism.
Her father, Park Chung‐hee, who led the country between 1963 and 1979, introduced a
similar decree on the appropriateness of what Korean women could and couldn't wear.
A spokesperson from South Korea's police said the law is more concerned with public
nudity than provocative clothing.

Celebrities and politicians are up in arms over the new law. Democratic United Party
member Ki Sik Kim wrote on Twitter: "Why does the state interfere with how citizens
dress? Park Geun‐hye's government gives cause for concern that we are returning to
the era when hair length and skirt length were regulated." Many female celebrities
have posted photos of themselves in skimpy clothing online to make their feelings
against the law known. Short skirts and shorts are extremely popular in South Korea.
They are the fashion items of choice for the majority of the country's pop stars. Singer
and fashion icon Lee Hyori tweeted: "Is the overexposure fine for real? I'm so dead."


Free Talk Senior

1. What does the Korean government hope to control with the new law?
2. Who might have to pay $45?
3. Who previously introduced a similar ban on miniskirts?
4. For how long was Park Chung‐hee president?
5. What are the police more worried about?
6. How are celebrities feeling about the new law?
7. Who questioned the state's interference in clothing rules?
8. What other thing used to be regulated besides the length of skirts?
9. Who uploaded photos of themselves?
10. Who chooses to wear miniskirts?

1. What springs to mind when you hear the word 'miniskirt'?
2. What do you think of the miniskirt ban?
3. How important is the ban in relation to other problems in Korea?
4. Is it strange Koreans wear miniskirts that are not part of the culture?
5. What do you think of an "overexposure" law?
6. What do you think of people wearing clothes that reveal a lot of skin?
7. Would a $45 fine stop you wearing clothes you like?
8. Is the ban and attack on personal freedom?
9. When was the last time you were up in arms about something?
10. Do you think the law is repressive?
11. What would people do if the next thing to be regulated was hair length?
12. Would you be happy if your daughters wore miniskirts?
13. Is there a minimum or maximum age for wearing a miniskirt?
14. What fashion is unacceptable in your country?
15. Should we go back to more conservative ways of dressing?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 5 Study shows money makes us worry

A new study from the BBC shows that looking after money isn't easy. Over 109,000
people took part in the BBC's Big Money Test. It was one of the biggest ever studies on
the psychology of money. One of the biggest findings is that money makes many
people feel bad. Researchers say over 40 per cent of us always worry about spending
money; a third of us constantly worry about money; and the same percentage feel
guilty when spending money on themselves. The study found that women like to go
shopping to make themselves feel better about life, while men are more likely to save
their cash. Women are more generous with their money and are also more likely to
suffer from money problems.

The researchers also looked at ways shops try and make us spend our money. It
showed how stores are continually looking at new ways to make us buy things on
impulse. It asks why candies and chocolate are always by the checkout in
supermarkets; why "everyday essentials like bread and milk are at the back of shop so
you have to walk through as many aisles as possible to reach them;" and why the
perfume and jewellery sections are always at the front of a department store. The test
says that buying things on impulse can be bad for our finances: "People who bought
goods impulsively were three times more likely to go bankrupt, and four times more
likely to run out of money by the end of the week."


Free Talk Senior

1. What shows that looking after money isn't easy?
2. How many people participated in the study?
3. How many of us always worry about spending money?
4. What percentage of people feels guilty about buying themselves things?
5. What are women more likely to suffer from?
6. What are shops continually looking at getting us to do?
7. What question do the researchers have about candies and chocolate?
8. What two everyday necessities are mentioned?
9. What is impulse buying bad for?
10. What thing are impulse buyers three times more likely to do?

1. What money worries do you have?
2. Do you think you will have more money in the future?
3. Is it easy to look after money?
4. Have you ever bought something and felt guilty?
5. Do you need everything you buy?
6. How does shopping make you feel?
7. How generous are you?
8. Are you good with money?
9. How do shops make us buy things?
10. What do you think of pushy sales assistants?
11. Do you always believe adverts that tell us why we need something?
12. What things have you bought on impulse? Were you happy after?
13. What money advice would you give to people?
14. Do you ever run out of money?
15. What questions would you like to ask a money expert?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 6 Cash reward helps people lose weight

Nutritionists and dieting experts have long sought the answer to how to encourage
people to lose weight. It seems overweight people are more interested in the size of
their wallets than their waistlines. Researchers in the USA may have found one answer
– cash rewards and penalties. A year‐long study of 100 weight watchers by the Mayo
Clinic in Minnesota found a system of financial incentives and fines had a significant
impact on people's success in shedding kilos. The weight‐conscious dieters received
$20 a month if they met their weight loss goals and had to pay a penalty if they didn't.
Those motivated by financial gain lost an average of 4.1kg, compared to just 1kg for
those without the cash bonus.

The study followed 100 obese adults aged 18 to 63, were weighed every month for a
year. They were put into four groups, some with a monetary focus, others with an
emphasis on education and behavior change. The $20 a month was enough for the
financially‐motivated dieters to out‐diet the other groups. Mayo Clinic's Dr Donald
Hensrud said: "Just wanting to lose weight isn't enough. Financial incentives can be
powerful." Head researcher Dr Steven Driver found the fear of losing money was
stronger than the thought of receiving a bonus. He said: "Fear of losing money tends to
motivate people about two and a half times more than the prospect of gaining the
same amount of money."


Free Talk Senior

1. Who, besides dieting experts, have been looking for an answer?
2. What things did the article say the overweight might be interested in?
3. How long did the research last?
4. What financial incentive were people given to lose weight?
5. How many times more kilos did people lose if they got a bonus?
6. In what age bracket were the participants in the research?
7. What was the focus of the groups that would not receive a cash bonus?
8. What did a doctor say was powerful?
9. What was stronger than the idea of getting a bonus?
10. How much more motivational is the fear of losing money?

1. What do you think is the best way to lose weight?
2. What do you think of the idea of getting cash to lose weight?
3. Are you more interested in the size of your wallet or waistline?
4. How happy are you with your weight, shape, size, etc.?
5. Should governments pay people to diet to save healthcare costs?
6. What's the difference between a diet, diet and to diet?
7. How healthy is the food you eat?
8. What should schools teach kids about healthy diets and weight?
9. Do you worry about your weight?
10. Are there any dangers in dieting?
11. Are dietary habits changing in your country?
12. Why can't people stick to diets?
13. Is it possible to lose weight without exercising, and still enjoy food?
14. What do you think of all the fad diets that come out?
15. Which is stronger – the fear of losing money or the thought of a bonus?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 7 Asia has most of the world’s billionaires

A newly‐published report on global wealth says that for the first time, Asia has more
dollar billionaires than the USA. According to the Global Rich List 2013 from the
research institute Hurun, there were 1,453 people whose personal worth was $1 billion
or more at the end of January. Asia had 608 billionaires, compared with 440 in the USA
and 324 in Europe. Moscow came top of the list of billionaire capitals of the world with
76 of the world's mega‐rich; New York, Hong Kong, Beijing and London followed. The
world's wealthiest person is Mexican telecom tycoon Carlos Slim, who has $66 billion.
He is followed by US investor Warren Buffett and Amancio Ortega, boss of the fashion
brand Zara.

The report's author, Luxembourg accountant Rupert Hoogewerf, believes there are a
lot more billionaires in the world. He said that for every billionaire he found, he
probably missed another two. This means it might be more accurate to say there are
4,000 billionaires living a life of luxury. Mr. Hoogewerf also believes that the number of
wealthy Chinese will continue to rise as more business leaders target worldwide
markets. He said: "Chinese entrepreneurs are preparing their international expansion
plans. It is a very new concept but growing very fast." The report says the youngest
billionaire is Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, 28, who is 42nd on the list and has a
personal fortune of $17 billion.


Free Talk Senior

1. What is the newly‐published report about?
2. How many billionaires were there at the end of January 2013?
3. Which area of the world has 324 billionaires?
4. Why was Moscow mentioned?
5. Where is the world's second richest person from?
6. Where is the originator of the report from?
7. What's the ratio of billionaires found to those not found?
8. What does the author believe will keep increasing?
9. What are China's business leaders getting ready for?
10. Where is the founder of Facebook on the Global Rich List?

1. What did you think when you read the headline?
2. What springs to mind when you hear the word 'billionaire'?
3. What do you think of billionaires?
4. How do people become billionaires?
5. How different is the life of a billionaire?
6. Do billionaires have a moral duty to share their wealth?
7. Will the world change because the number of Asian billionaires is rising?
8. Why does Moscow have so many billionaires?
9. How could the author miss 3,000 or so billionaires?
10. How would you live a life of luxury?
11. Do you think money is the root of all evil?
12. Do you think multi‐millionaires are jealous of billionaires?
13. How would your life change if you suddenly received $1 billion?
14. Would your personality / character change if you became mega‐rich?
15. What questions would you like to ask a billionaire?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 8 Women talk three times more than men

Researchers in the USA have found that a protein in the brain might explain why
women are more talkative than men ‐ three times more chatty, in fact. The research
team at the University of Maryland says a "language protein" that goes by the name of
Foxp2 is a lot more prevalent in women's brains. The protein was first discovered a
decade ago and was deemed to be a key neurological component of speech. The
scientists say it is a lot more abundant in girls than boys. They believe the protein is the
reason why girls start speaking earlier and more quickly than boys. It also supports
claims that women speak about 20,000 words a day, compared to just 7,000 words for
the average man.

Research team leader professor Margaret McCarthy said: "This study is one of the first
to report a sex difference in the expression of a language‐associated protein in humans
or animals." She added: "The findings raise the possibility that sex differences in brain
and behavior are more [widespread], and established earlier than previously
[thought]." Other scientists have said there is more than one protein responsible for
speech and that the research is in its infancy. Readers of Britain's Daily Mail newspaper
offered some interesting insights into the chattiness of women. One said women have
to talk more because, "men are not good listeners and women must repeat themselves
to be heard".


Free Talk Senior

1. What in the brain could explain the talkativeness of women?
2. What's the name of the protein mentioned in the article?
3. For how long have scientists known about this protein?
4. What did the article say about the protein, and boys and girls?
5. How many words a day do women use than men?
6. Who is Margaret McCarthy?
7. What did other scientists say about the current research?
8. How old is the research into the talkativeness protein?
9. Why did a newspaper reader say women have to talk more?
10. Why did the reader say women have to say the same things again?

1. How talkative are you?
2. What do you think of people who talk too much?
3. Do you prefer to talk to men or women?
4. What do women talk about and why?
5. Do you think women talk three times more than men?
6. What's your favorite topic of conversation (and why)?
7. Should men try and talk more to keep up with women?
8. What advice would you give to shy people who can't find things to say?
9. Tell me about someone you know who talks too much.
10. What do men talk about and why?
11. Why do you think women have a protein in their brain that makes them talk three
times more than men?
12. What do men and women talk about that is boring?
13. Does everyone talk too much?
14. Do you believe that "silence is golden"?
15. Are men really such bad listeners?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 9 the elephant that can speak Korean

An elephant in Korea has become a language student. Koshik, a 22‐year‐old male
elephant, is already fluent in speaking "elephantese," but he is now trying to learn the
Korean language Hangul. A report about Koshik was printed in the online journal
"Current Biology". The author of the report is Dr Angela Stoeger‐Horwath, who works
at the University of Vienna in Austria. Researchers said Koshik has been listening to
human speech for many years and has slowly learned to copy it. He can now say the
Korean for hello, sit down, no, lie down, good, not yet, and yes. Dr Stoeger‐Horwath
asked 16 Koreans to listen to 47 recordings of Koshik. They could all understand what
he was saying.

The researchers gave a few reasons why they think Koshik can talk. One possibility is
that he has a very close relationship with his trainer, Kim Jong‐gab. Mr. Kim often
sleeps near Koshik to keep him company. The trainer talks to him every day, so Koshik
copied what he heard. Another is that the elephant is lonely and wants to
communicate with people and have friends. The research team said the way Koshik
makes sounds is very unusual ‐ he uses his trunk to reproduce human speech. They
said he is much better at making vowel sounds than consonant sounds. Trainer Kim
Jong‐gab said he has one more phrase that he wants to teach Koshik ‐ "Saranghae," or
"I love you."


Free Talk Senior

1. What has an elephant in Korea become?
2. How old is the elephant?
3. What's the name of the online journal?
4. Where does Dr Angela Stoeger‐Horwath work?
5. How many recordings did the 16 Koreans listen to?
6. What kind of relationship does the elephant have with his trainer?
7. Why does the trainer sometimes sleep near the elephant?
8. How does the elephant communicate?
9. What sounds can Koshik make better than consonants?
10. What phrase does the trainer want to teach Koshik?

1. What do you think of the idea of talking animals?
2. Would you like to be fluent in English? Why?
3. How difficult is it to learn a language? Why?
4. What do you think elephants would talk about?
5. Do you think animals will be able to speak in the future?
6. Is it right or wrong to teach animals to speak?
7. Do you think Koshik will have a conversation in Hangul one day?
8. Is it possible a close relationship with his trainer helps Koshik learn Hangul?
9. What advice would you give to Koshik to learn language?
10. Should the zoo give Koshik some elephant friends?
11. What do you think elephants would complain about?
12. What is most difficult about learning English?
13. What are your strong points in English?
14. What would you like to teach Koshik?
15. What questions would you like to ask an elephant?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 10 America re‐elects President Barack Obama

Americans voted to re‐elect incumbent president Barack Obama on Tuesday in one of
the closest contests in U.S. history. President Obama saw off the challenge of
Republican opponent Mitt Romney, who asked the nation to pray for Mr. Obama in his
goal to re‐ignite the American economy. It was a nail biting finish to what was a long,
exhausting, bitter and expensive election campaign. Pre‐election polls and TV stations
said either man could have won the presidency. It all depended on several swing states,
the winner of which would secure the 270 electoral votes needed to guarantee victory.
Once the state of Ohio went to the Democrats, Obama knew he had another four years
in the White House.

Many Americans felt relief that the election has now been decided. They had to endure
dozens of nightly advertisements in what was the most expensive campaign in history.
Most voters complained that the ads were overly negative and simply attacked the
other side rather than outlining policy promises. Despite the poor state of the
American economy, voters once again put their faith in Mr. Obama. Many believe
Obama won against all the odds. Thomas L Friedman of the New York Times wrote: "No
one can know for sure what complex emotional chemistry tipped this election Obama's
way…It came down to a majority of Americans believing that…Obama was trying his
hardest to fix what ails the country."


Free Talk Senior

1. What adjective in the first sentence described President Obama?
2. What did Obama see off?
3. What kind of election finish was it?
4. Which state did Obama win that saw him over the victory line?
5. What did the pre‐election polls say?
6. What did Americans feel after the election?
7. How many ads did Americans have to look at every night?
8. What did the overly negative ads attack?
9. What kind of chemistry did a New York Times journalist mention?
10. What do Americans believe Obama is trying his hardest to fix?

1. What do you think of Barack Obama?
2. Are you happy with the U.S. election result?
3. Who did you like better – Obama or Romney? Why?
4. What do you think of America's democratic process?
5. What do you think of two billion dollars being spent on the election?
6. What were you and where were you doing when you heard Obama had won the
election?
7. How do you think Obama will do in his second term in office?
8. Do you get tired of elections?
9. What do you know about Barack Obama?
10. Is it right for campaign ads to attack the other opponent?
11. What do you know about Obama's plans for the next four years?
12. Why do you think Obama won "against all the odds"?
13. Do you think the rest of the world's view of Obama is different to the average
American's view of him?
14. Is America's two‐party system real democracy?
15. What questions would you like to ask Barack Obama?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 11 China’s leadership change begins

China's President Hu Jintao opened the Chinese Communist Party meeting on
Wednesday in Beijing. The president and his team will choose the new leaders that will
rule China for the next ten years. China selects its leaders, unlike many other countries,
which elect them. The meeting will last for a week and will look at many issues that are
important in China today. Perhaps the biggest topic at the meeting will be the economy.
Ten years ago, China's economy was not so big. However, an economic miracle in the
past decade means the country is now the second biggest economy in the world. Its
leaders are a little worried though, because the economy is slowing down. It is still
growing 6 times faster than the rest of the world.

One of the big messages that were talked about in the meeting was corruption. Mr. Hu
Jintao said the Party must work hard in the next decade to remove corruption from
Chinese society. He warned that the Party could die if corruption continued. He said: "If
we fail to handle this issue well, it could [be the end of] the party, and even cause the
collapse of the party and the fall of the state." Mr. Hu told Party members at the Great
Hall of the People in Beijing that China had to change because of a changing world. He
said: "We must aim higher and work harder and continue to [go after] development in
a scientific way." He added the Party should "promote social harmony and improve the
people's lives".


Free Talk Senior

1. What did Hu Jintao open on Wednesday?
2. Who will choose the new leaders with the president?
3. What's the biggest topic that the leaders will talk about?
4. What kind of miracle happened in China in the past decade?
5. How fast is China's economy growing?
6. Who or what must work hard to remove corruption?
7. What might happen to the Party if corruption continued?
8. Why did Mr. Hu say China had to change?
9. What two things must do besides going after development?
10. What does the Party want to promote?

1. What do you know about China changing its leaders?
2. Do you think the Chinese system of choosing leaders is better than the American
system?
3. What kind of person do you think the new leader will be?
4. What do you know about President Hu Jintao?
5. What are the big issues in China today?
6. What do you think of China's economic miracle?
7. How did China's miracle happen?
8. China's economy is growing 6 times faster than the rest of the world. Is this all good
for China?
9. Did you like reading this article? Why or why not?
10. What is corruption like in your country? How bad is it?
11. How can a country remove corruption from society?
12. What would happen to China if the Communist Party died?
13. What would happen to the world if China collapsed?
14. How does China get people to aim higher and work harder?
15. What can the rest of the world learn from China?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 12 American man travels a million miles in 2012

An American man flew one million miles in 2012. Tom Stuker, 59, passed the million
marks on a flight from London to Chicago on December 6. Mr. Stuker works as a car
sales consultant and has to fly all over the world. He frequently flies to Asia and
Australia, and has taken about 400 flights so far this year. He always uses the U.S.
airline United. He joined the company's frequent flyer program in 1983 and has since
flown 11 million miles with United, on over 6,000 flights. A United Airlines
spokesperson said that in 2012, Mr. Stuker had flown the same distance as 40 times
around the Earth. It added that if all of Mr. Stuker's miles were put together, he would
be in the air for 73 days non‐stop.

Mr. Stuker told reporters that 2012 was a record year for him and that he was "tired".
He said: "I know I'll never fly this much again in a year." He said he is looking forward to
flying a lot less next year – perhaps around half‐a‐million miles. Stuker said he likes
flying but is sad that passengers are becoming less patient. He said: "When you're on a
plane, remember certain common courtesies. Don't talk so loud on a phone that 18
rows can hear you. And when you take off your shoes, understand that maybe your
feet don't exactly smell like roses." Mr. Stuker always flies first class these days. He said
he didn't think he could spend so long in economy class. He enjoys special services
from United other passengers do not get.


Free Talk Senior

1. How old is the man who flew a million miles?
2. Where was he going when he broke the record?
3. How many flights did he take in 2012?
4. When did he join United Airline's frequent flyer program?
5. How many days do all his 2012 flights add up to?
6. How many miles does he think he'll fly in 2013?
7. What does he think of other passengers?
8. What does Mr. Stuker advise passengers to not do?
9. How does Mr. Stuker fly nowadays?
10. What does Mr. Stuker get that other passengers don't?

1. What do you think of flying a million miles in a year?
2. What are the best and worst things about flying?
3. Is flying better than going by train, driving and going by ship?
4. Do you like flying?
5. What do you think it would be like to be a flight attendant?
6. What do you think of airplane food?
7. What's the best airline in the world, and why?
8. Should United Airlines do something extra special for Mr. Stuker? What?
9. What would you do on an airplane if you flew so regularly?
10. Do you think people today are forgetting common courtesies?
11. What do you think of people who talk loudly on their phones?
12. What experiences have you had of other people's smelly feet?
13. How different do you think it is to fly first class?
14. Do you think flying first class isn't really like flying?
15. What can airlines do to make flying better?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 13 Speaking English may make you poorer

An economics professor has said English speakers may be poorer because of English
grammar. Dr Keith Chen of Yale University suggested that differences in the tenses of
the world's languages may explain why people in some countries save more money
than people in other countries. He told people at a presentation that the future tense
in English could actually make people believe the future is not important now. He said
English speakers might think the future is separate from the present, and that this may
make people not think about their future. He explained this could stop people saving
money for their retirement. He also suggested future tenses may make people smoke
more and exercise less.

Professor Chen divided the grammar of countries into two – those with a "strong
future‐time reference" and those with a weak reference. He explained: "If I wanted to
explain to an English‐speaking colleague why I can't attend a meeting later today, I
could not say 'I go to a seminar'. English grammar would [require] me to say 'I will go,
am going, or have to go to a seminar'". He contrasted this with "weak future‐time
reference" languages" that can express the same meaning without future words like
"will". Chen says speakers of these languages are those who save more money. He
believes this could be because they do not separate the present time and future in
their grammar or in real life.


Free Talk Senior

1. What is the job of the person who talked about speaking English?
2. Where does the person work?
3. Where did ho speak to people about this topic?
4. What did he say English speakers separate?
5. What did he say about smoking and exercising?
6. Into how many parts did he divide the world's languages?
7. Whom did he say he might want to explain something to?
8. What don't weak future‐time languages need to talk about the future?
9. What can speakers of weak future‐time languages do more?
10. Why can speakers of weak future‐time languages save money?

1. Do you think there's a link between grammar and money?
2. What do you do to learn English grammar?
3. What do you think of the future tense(s) in English?
4. What are the different ways of talking about the future in English?
5. Do you think the present and future are separate?
6. Are you saving for your retirement?
7. Is it possible that grammar could make people smoke more?
8. How is the grammar of your language different from English?
9. Do you think your language's grammar is easier than English?
10. What do you dislike about English grammar?
11. Is grammar the most important thing to know to be able to speak?
12. What things does your language's grammar let you do more of?
13. What do you think of English vocabulary?
14. Are you happy with your speaking level in English?
15. What questions would you like to ask Dr Keith Chen?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 14 City living makes it harder to concentrate

A new report says living in a city makes it harder for people to concentrate. The
research found that people who live in rural areas can focus better than people in
urban areas. The study is from Goldsmiths College, which is part of the University of
London. Head researcher Dr Karina Linnell and her team studied how two groups of
people did the same "thinking tasks". The team went to a remote part of Namibia,
southwest Africa, to study the Himba tribe. Himba people live a very basic life in the
desert, doing traditional farming. The team also studied members of the same tribe
who had moved to the nearest town. Dr Linnell said the tribe who lived in the desert
did much better on the tests than those in the town.

Dr Linnell's research may change the way companies operate. In the future, workers
may relocate from cities to live and work in the countryside. Linnell said there are too
many things around us in the city that stop us from thinking about one thing for a long
time. This means we do not work at our best. She asked: "What if, for example,
companies realized certain tasks would be better carried out by employees based
outside of the urban environment where their concentration ability is better?" The past
century has seen billions of people move from the countryside to big cities. If Dr
Linnell's research is true, this century might see many of those people return to the
great outdoors.


Free Talk Senior

COMPREHENSIONS QUESTIONS
1. What is harder for people to do if they live in a city?
2. Who focuses better than people in urban areas?
3. How many groups of people did the research team study?
4. What kind of area did the team go to in Namibia?
5. Where did some members of the Himba tribe move to?
6. What might companies change in the future?
7. How many things are around us to stop us focusing on one thing?
8. Who might do tasks better outside of cities?
9. How many people moved to cities in the last century?
10. When might people return to the countryside?

1. Are you good at focusing on one thing for a long time?
2. What can people do to increase their concentration?
3. Is your room a good place to concentrate?
4. How good are libraries to think and get lots of work done?
5. Do you think rural areas are better for people who want to concentrate?
6. How are cities better than the countryside?
7. Are you good at thinking tasks?
8. Why do you think the people who lived in the desert did better on the tests?
9. Do you think this research will change the way companies operate?
10. Would you prefer to work in the city or countryside?
11. What are the pros and cons of working in the countryside?
12. What things in the city can stop us concentrating?
13. How does your mobile phone or computer stop you concentrating?
14. Should people meditate to help them concentrate?
15. Would you like to take a "how to concentrate better" course?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 15 Gunman kidnapped eight foreigners in Nigeria

Armed attackers kidnapped eight foreign workers in northern Nigeria on Sunday. The
abductees were taken from the residential compound of a Lebanese construction
company. A security guard was killed as he tried to prevent the assailants from entering
the camp. The kidnapped workers are believed to be from Britain, Greece, Italy and
Lebanon. A woman and her daughter are among them. A local government official,
Adamu Aliyu, said the attack occurred at 2:15am. The gunmen also attacked a police
station and a prison on their way to the compound. A police chief said: "We repelled
the attack...but they burnt two vehicles."

This attack is the worst ever case of foreigners being kidnapped in the north of Nigeria.
Kidnappings for ransom occasionally occur in the south, especially in the areas that
support the country's oil industry. Violence in the north has largely been of the nature
of attacking churches and police stations, and kidnapping locals. No one has yet taken
responsibility for yesterday's raid, but security experts believe one of northern Nigeria's
Islamist groups is behind it. The Al Qaeda splinter group Ansaru has been active in
recent months. The larger group Boko Haram, which means 'Western education is
forbidden,' has been the most active in the area. It is reportedly responsible for
hundreds of deaths, and church bombings.


Free Talk Senior

1. What were the attackers carrying?
2. At what kind of place did the workers work?
3. Who did the attackers kill?
4. How many countries are the abductees from?
5. What did the attackers set on fire?
6. What kind of kidnappings sometimes happen in Nigeria's south?
7. What are often attacked in the north of Nigeria?
8. Who has taken responsibility for the kidnappings?
9. Who do security experts believe carried out the kidnappings?
10. What is Boko Haram supposedly responsible for?

1. What do you think of kidnappings?
2. Do most kidnappings end with the abductee(s) being freed?
3. What kinds of kidnappings are there?
4. Are kidnappings common in your country?
5. Should foreign workers be better protected in unstable countries?
6. Would you work in an area that has a history of insurgency?
7. Why is it that local people are always the ones killed in cases like this?
8. Will the kidnappings damage Nigeria in any way?
9. Why are Islamist groups kidnapping foreign workers?
10. Why do Islamist groups kidnap people when they know their aims will never be
met?
11. What would you do if you knew someone was about to kidnap you?
12. How would you cope mentally during a kidnapping?
13. Would you try to escape if you were kidnapped or would you be too afraid?
14. What would you think about if you were held captive?
15. Will Islamist groups ever stop trying to get what they want?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 16 Fashion brand makes perfume for babies

The luxury fashion brand Dolce & Gabbana (D&G) will soon sell a perfume for babies.
The new fragrance will be in 50‐ml bottles and will have a price tag of $45 dollars. D&G
is the latest fashion house to make a perfume for infants. A D&G spokesperson said the
new scent is, "designed to cuddle and pamper every little boy and girl". D&G boss
Stefano Gabbana asked people on the website Instagram: "How can babies smell even
sweeter than they already do?" His answer is a mix of honey, melon, orange and some
secret ingredients. Gabbana explained how he made the fragrance. He said it smells
like, "The softness of baby skin, the freshness of baby breath, a mother's sweet hug,
and the first smile."

While the new fragrance will increase D&G's profits, childcare experts are questioning
the need for babies to wear perfume. They also hope parents will use their common
sense. Baby doctor Sandy Tomkins said a baby's skin is very delicate and sensitive. She
warned that any product used on it must be 100% safe. She added: "The last thing a
mother wants is for her little one to smell nice but then have a nasty red rash." Skin
doctor Jose Fernandez warned of soreness and irritation. Many people might agree
with Britain's Daily Mail newspaper that babies already smell sweet enough. It wrote:
"The smell of a freshly washed baby is universally understood as one of the sweetest
scents in the world."


Free Talk Senior

1. What will D&G soon start selling?
2. What size bottles will the perfume come in?
3. Who is the perfume designed to "cuddle and pamper"?
4. What two fruits are in the perfume?
5. What did the article say about a mother's hug?
6. What will the new fragrance increase?
7. What do childcare experts hope parents will use?
8. How safe did Sandy Tomkins say the perfume should be?
9. What nasty thing might a baby get because of the perfume?
10. What might people agree with the Daily Mail about?

1. What do you think of the idea of perfume for babies?
2. What would be a good name for the baby perfume, and why?
3. Is it important for babies to smell sweeter than they already do?
4. What do you think of the ingredients in the perfume?
5. What does "the softness of a baby's skin" smell like?
6. How can "a first smile" have a smell?
7. Do you think the perfume will be successful?
8. Do you think D&G is only interested in money?
9. What do you think childcare experts are worried about?
10. What do you think of parents who put perfume on their babies?
11. Should the perfume have a warning label on it about skin rashes?
12. Is baby perfume a sign that the world is crazy?
13. Do you like perfume?
14. What do you like and dislike about babies?
15. Is the smell of a freshly washed baby "one of the sweetest scents in the world"?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 17 Celebrity death increase suicide in Korea

Korea's Ministry of Health and Welfare has told reporters that 15,000 people a year kill
themselves in South Korea. This means the country has the highest suicide rate of any
developed nation in the world. Another 100,000 people end up in hospital after trying
to commit suicide. Every day, about 43 Koreans take their own life. The Ministry said
that the biggest reason is stress at school or work. Other reasons include loneliness and
the sadness when another family member commits suicide. A church official said the
high rate is a danger to Korean society because the country's birth rate is so low. He
said: "If the high suicide trend continues, the whole society could find itself on the
edge of a cliff."

This growing problem is made worse because of copycat behavior when a celebrity
commits suicide in Korea. Research shows that the suicide rates jumps around 30 per
cent in the two months after a celebrity suicide. News reports of a star's suicide can
result in 600 Koreans ending their own life. Many people say television is to blame
because it spends too much time reporting on news of suicides and this gives people
the idea they too can end their life. The Korea Times newspaper said the government
should do more to help people. It said: "To lower the suicide rate, Korea should
become a more compassionate and caring society even at the expense of a slower‐
growing economy."


Free Talk Senior

1. What ministry is mentioned in the first sentence?
2. How many people end up in hospital?
3. Around how many Koreans commit suicide every day?
4. What is the biggest reason for suicide in Korea?
5. What rate is very low in Korea?
6. What behavior does a celebrity suicide lead to in Korea?
7. How many people will also commit suicide after a celebrity death?
8. What do many people blame for the high suicide rate?
9. What does the Korea Times think the government should do?
10. What did the Korea Times say Korea should become?

1. What do you think of the numbers of suicides in this article?
2. What can society do to stop people taking their own lives?
3. Is suicide a taboo subject in your culture?
4. What do you think doctors say to people who attempted suicide?
5. Is committing suicide being selfish?
6. What do you think of websites that tell people how to end their life?
7. What do you think of assisted suicide?
8. Why might Korea "find itself on the edge of a cliff"?
9. What do you think of celebrity copycat suicides?
10. Why do you think copycat suicide happens?
11. Someone said it was a fundamental human right. What do you think?
12. How much is TV to blame for suicide?
13. Should there be a limit on the time a TV station can spend on reporting a suicide?
14. If you commit suicide, do you go to heaven or hell?
15. What should the government do to prevent suicide?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 18 Bread that stays fresh for 60 days

American scientists say they can make bread last for up to two months. They have
found a way to stop mould or fungus growing on bread and other food. The
researchers are from a biotechnology company called MicroZap. The company's name
gives a clue to how their technology works. They use high‐powered microwaves to zap
the food and kill anything that could grow fungus. They started their project to find an
answer to the superbugs that are found in many U.S. hospitals. However, they soon
discovered that their technique could sterilize food. The scientists say they only need to
microwave the bread for about ten seconds and then it is OK to eat 60 days later. They
also say the taste of the bread stays the same.

The scientists believe their discovery could stop people throwing away so much food.
Studies show that Americans put around 40 per cent of the food they buy into the
trash. Having food that lasts longer would save people money and help the Earth.
Another benefit of MicroZap's technology is in stopping disease. Illness from food has a
huge impact on society. There are 76 million cases of food poisoning in America every
year, with 5,000 deaths. It costs the economy about $6 billion annually. The company
hopes to use its technology soon in making safe, ready‐made meals for war zones and
areas hit by disasters. MicroZapping could become the best thing since sliced bread.


Free Talk Senior

1. Who said they could make bread last longer?
2. What can scientists stop growing on bread?
3. What kind of company is MicroZap?
4. What did scientists discover their technique could do to food?
5. What happens to the taste of the bread?
6. How much food do Americans waste each year?
7. What could longer‐lasting food help people save?
8. What kind of impact on society does illness from food have?
9. How many Americans does food poisoning kill every year?
10. What could MicroZapping become?

1. What do you think about MicroZap's new technology?
2. Do you think the technology could be dangerous?
3. Do you have problems with food that doesn't last a long time?
4. Do you like bread?
5. How do people make bread in your country?
6. Would you worry about eating bread that is two months old?
7. Which is better – bread, pasta or rice?
8. What do you think of the taste of bread?
9. How much food do you throw away and why?
10. Why do Americans throw 40% of their food away?
11. How do you think MicroZap's technology could help the world?
12. Have you ever had food poisoning?
13. What would you do if bread disappeared from the Earth?
14. What do you think of the name "MicroZap"?
15. What does "the best thing since sliced bread" mean?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 19 Google boss tells N. Korea to use Internet

The chairman of Google, Eric Schmidt, has asked North Korea to open up its Internet to
join the rest of the world. North Korea is one of the most closed and secretive countries
in the world. Only a few of its citizens have Internet access, but that is strictly
controlled by the government. Almost no one can access the World Wide Web. Mr.
Schmidt said it was very important for the country to end its isolation so North Koreans
can become richer. He said: "As the world is becoming increasingly connected, their
decision to be [almost totally] isolated is very much going to affect their physical world,
their economic growth, and so forth….It will make it hard for them to catch up
economically."

The U.S. government was not happy about Mr. Schmidt's trip. Officials criticized it and
said it was "unhelpful". The White House is doing its best to get the North Koreans to
end its nuclear weapons programme. One expert believes Mr. Schmidt's visit gave
North Korea the feeling it was an important world country. Greg Scarlatoiu of the
Washington‐based Committee for Human Rights in North Korea told the Voice of
America website: "Visits from senior officials and extraordinarily successful
entrepreneurs are going to help to raise the profile of the North Korea regime. Probably,
from the North Korean viewpoint, they may think this is also an opportunity to make
some money for the regime."


Free Talk Senior

1. What is Eric Schmidt's job?
2. What does Mr. Schmidt want North Korea to join?
3. How many people in North Korea can access the Internet?
4. Why does Mr. Schmidt want North Koreans to use the Internet?
5. What will it be hard for N. Korea to do without the Internet?
6. What word did America's government use to describe Schmidt's visit?
7. What is the White House is doing its best to do?
8. In which city does Greg Scarlatoiu work?
9. What extraordinarily successful people are mentioned in the text?
10. What might N. Korea's leaders have the chance to make?

1. What do you think about Google?
2. What do you know about North Korea?
3. Do you think Internet access is a human right?
4. Why do you think North Korea is so closed and secretive?
5. Would North Korea be different if all people had Internet access?
6. What do you like most and least about the Internet?
7. What questions would you like to ask N. Korea leader Kim Jong‐un?
8. What do you think about Eric Schmidt's visit to North Korea?
9. What would you do without the Internet?
10. Why was the White House unhappy about Eric Schmidt's visit?
11. How has the Internet changed the world?
12. What would a North Korean who knows nothing about the Internet think about it?
13. Is North Korea an important world country? Why?
14. Would you like to visit North Korea?
15. What questions would you like to ask Google chairman Eric Schmidt?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 20 “Toilet Theme Park” opens in S. Korea

A city in South Korea has added a new attraction to its cultural landscape ‐ the world's
first "Toilet Theme Park". The Restroom Cultural Park in the city of Suwon is proving a
huge hit with locals and tourists alike. The latest tourist site is dedicated to the memory
of former city mayor Sim Jae‐duck, affectionately known as "Mr. Toilet". He believed
the toilet is a very important and under‐appreciated aspect of world culture. Visitors to
the park can admire its toilet‐bowl‐shaped exhibition hall as well as dozens of bronze
statues in various toilet positions. They can even sit on Mr. Kim's original toilet, which
includes a full‐length glass door that mists up when it is being used.

Suwon has become well known for the promotion of toilet culture. The city attracts
toilet‐related artwork from around the world to its galleries. It famously hosts the
Golden Poop Art Festival – a celebration of one of the calls of nature. The city also lists
dozens of its own public toilets as tourist attractions on its website. Sim Jae‐duck's own
giant, toilet‐shaped house, now a museum, should be the must‐see for enthusiasts. Mr.
Sim's fascination with toilets supposedly began because he was born in the smallest
room of his mother's house. He said in 2007: "The toilet…can save humankind from
diseases [and is] a place for introspection. The toilet is also a central living place that
possesses culture."


Free Talk Senior

1. What did South Korea add to its cultural landscape?
2. Who is the theme park proving a huge hit with?
3. Whose memory inspired the creation of the theme park?
4. What is unusual about the exhibition hall at the theme park?
5. What happens to Sim Jae‐duck's original toilet when someone uses it?
6. What has Suwon become famous for?
7. What is the Golden Poop Art Festival a celebration of?
8. What is unusual about Sim Jae‐duck's house?
9. Why did Sim Jae‐duck become interested in toilets?
10. What did Sim Jae‐duck say toilets possess?

1. What do you think of a Toilet Theme Park?
2. What do you think you would see at the Restroom Cultural Park?
3. How interested are you in visiting this park?
4. Do you think other Toilet Theme Parks will open around the world?
5. What can the park do to attract more visitors?
6. Would you like your town to be well known for a Toilet Theme Park?
7. Do you think you would admire the toilet‐bowl‐shaped exhibition hall?
8. What do you think of being able to sit on Sim Jae‐duck's toilet?
9. What is toilet culture?
10. What do you think happens at the Golden Poop Art Festival?
11. What new exhibitions could the park have?
12. What design features might a toilet‐shaped house have?
13. What do you think Sim Jae‐duck might have thought about this park?
14. Should the world know more about sanitation and how the lack of toilets kills
thousands of people every year?
15. What questions would you like to ask the people who made the park?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 21 World’s children care most about education

A global survey has asked 6,204 children in 47 countries around the world about their
hopes, dreams and fears. The worldwide "Small Voices, Big Dreams" report is from the
children's charity Child Fund. It asked ten to twelve‐year‐old six questions about the
world and their future. It discovered that education, food and the environment are
their biggest worries. A ChildFund spokesman said: "We're always surprised…to see
how much [importance] children…put on education." He added that he was pleased
children saw the link between education and a better future: "It shows the depth of
maturity of children, who clearly understand the connection between education and
changing their worlds for the better."

The children were asked the question: "If you were president or leader of your country,
what would you do to improve the lives of children in your country?" Most said they
would focus on education. The children also answered the question "What are you
most afraid of?" Over 25 per cent of kids in developing countries said their greatest fear
was dangerous animals and insects. The environment was also a big concern for the
children. The report says: "Across the world, nearly half of children said they would
plant more trees, build additional green spaces or decrease littering to help improve
the planet." Regarding future careers, almost 20 per cent of children want to be a
professional athlete when they grow up.


Free Talk Senior

1. How many countries were in the survey?
2. What kind of organization is ChildFund?
3. How many questions were in the survey?
4. What link pleased a Childfund spokesman?
5. How do children think education changes their world?
6. What would most children focus on if they were leader of their country?
7. What are over a quarter of children afraid of?
8. What was also a big concern for children?
9. What extra things do children want to build?
10. What career choice is mentioned at the end of the news story?

1. What was your life like when you were ten years old?
2. What were your biggest fears when you were 10? Are you still afraid?
3. Is life for 10‐year‐olds the same or different from when you were ten?
4. Do you think all 10‐year‐olds worry about education?
5. What environmental concerns do you think 10‐year‐olds have?
6. How strong is the link between education and a better future?
7. Is a good education just as important for very rich 10‐year‐olds?
8. What did you think about education when you were ten years old?
9. What were your dreams when you were ten, and have those dreams changed?
10. What are your hopes, dreams and fears for your children?
11. What would you have done as a 10‐year‐old leader of your country?
12. What would you as a 10‐year‐old have done to improve the lives of children in your
country?
13. What jobs did you want to do when you were 10?
14. What were the most important things in your life when you were ten?
15. Did you worry about the environment when you were ten?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 22 Bamboo shortage a risk to pandas

The giant panda is already on the endangered list. The number of pandas in the world
has been falling for decades. There are several reasons for this. One is that many of the
panda's forests have gone. They have been cut down to make towns and cities.
Another is the fact that the animal breeds very slowly and has few cubs (baby pandas).
The panda is now facing another big threat to its survival – a shortage of food. A new
report shows that bamboo, the panda's main food, is disappearing because of climate
change. Bamboo is pretty much the only food the panda eats. Ninety‐nine per cent of
its diet is bamboo. An adult panda needs around 38 kilograms of bamboo every day.

The study predicts that nearly all the bamboo in China's Qinling Mountains could
disappear by the end of this century because of global warming. That means pandas
would have nothing to eat. The study said: "Results suggest that almost the entire
panda habitat in the [Qinling] region may disappear by the end of the 21st century."
The researchers said the only chance of survival the panda has is if they move higher
up the mountains. Scientist Jianguo Liu warned that we must start helping pandas now,
saying: "It is tough, but I think there's still hope, if we take action now." Panda lovers
are shocked at this latest bad news. Panda expert Chang Leng said it was time for the
world to wake up and help the panda.


Free Talk Senior

1. What kind of list is the panda on?
2. Why have the panda's forests disappeared?
3. What does the article say about the panda's breeding habits?
4. What does the figure of 99 mean?
5. What kind of panda eats around 38 kg of bamboo a day?
6. When might the Qinling Mountains bamboo disappear?
7. What did the study say the panda must do to survive?
8. What did Jianguo Liu say must start now?
9. Who did this latest news shock?
10. What did Chang Leng say it was time for the world to do?

1. How can we protect pandas and their food and habitat?
2. Do you think we will stop cutting down the forests where pandas live?
3. If you were a panda, what would you say to humans?
4. Have you ever seen a panda? Tell me about it.
5. What would it be like to eat just one thing all day, every day?
6. How can we slow down climate change?
7. What do you know about pandas?
8. Why do people like pandas so much?
9. Do you think we can save the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains?
10. How sad would you be if all the pandas disappeared?
11. Why isn't this story big news on the television, Internet, radio, etc.?
12. We must start taking action now, but what can we do to help pandas?
13. Are you a panda lover? Why (not)?
14. Will the world wake up? Why (not)?
15. Do you like pandas?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 23 Gangnam style most watched YouTube video

The video to the global smash hit song Gangnam Style has become the most‐watched
clip in YouTube's history. It has had almost 825 million views in the past five months
and is moving quickly towards one billion. The video currently has 5,473,726 likes and
338,504 dislikes. Canadian teen idol Justin Bieber previously held the record for the
most YouTube views with his 2010 blockbuster Baby. Gangnam Style is by 34‐year‐old
South Korean singer Psy. His iconic dance and catchy tune have captured the
imagination of millions of people worldwide. The video pokes fun at the glitzy
Gangnam district of South Korea's capital Seoul. In it, he is seen dancing around the
city pretending to ride a horse and twirl a lasso.

Gangnam Style first appeared on YouTube in July. It took just five months to reach the
800‐million mark, over two years quicker than Bieber's song. A statement from
YouTube Trends called the rise in popularity of the video as "unprecedented". It said:
"The video has been a massive hit at a global level unlike anything we've ever seen
before. Each day, Gangnam Style is still being watched between 7 and 10 million
times." The dance has led to thousands of copycat videos being posted online, each
with their own version of it. Even U.N. Secretary‐General Ban Ki‐moon attempted it. Mr.
Ban joked: "I'm a bit jealous. Until two days ago, someone told me I was the most
famous Korean in the world. Now I have to relinquish that."


Free Talk Senior

1. How many views has Gangnam Style had?
2. What song did Gangnam Style beat to be the most watched?
3. What has the video captured globally?
4. What does the video do to Seoul's Gangnam district?
5. What is Psy pretending to twirl in his video?
6. How long did it take the video to get 800 million views?
7. What did YouTube Trends say about the video's popularity?
8. How much is the video currently being viewed?
9. What has the dance resulted in online?
10. When Ban Ki‐moon find he was the second‐most famous S. Korean?

1. What do you know about and think of Gangnam Style?
2. Is this the kind of thing that should be YouTube's most‐watched video?
3. What role does YouTube play in your life?
4. What does the popularity of Gangnam Style say about world culture?
5. Which is better – "Gangnam Style" or Justin Bieber's "Baby"?
6. What's the best video you've seen on YouTube?
7. What iconic dances do you know of and what do you think of them?
8. Should records be made for fun or should they be serious?
9. Why do you think Gangnam Style has been so successful?
10. Do you think other singers are jealous of Psy?
11. What do you think classical music lovers make of Gangnam Style?
12. Is YouTube the best place to go for music?
13. Gangnam in Seoul is now trying to become a tourist attraction. What can it do to
attract visitors?
14. What does Psy do next to maintain his success?
15. What do you think of U.N. Secretary‐General Ban Ki‐moon's comments?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 24 Digital fork helps you lose weight
A new product has come on the market for those wanting a digital solution to losing
weight – a fork. A Hong Kong company, HAPILABS, has showcased its HAPIfork at the
Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, USA. The wireless fork keeps track of your
dining habits, including your eating speed, and then downloads data via USB or
Bluetooth to your iPhone or PC. The purpose of the fork is to help you eat more slowly.
It tells you how long it took to eat your meal, the amount of "fork servings" taken per
minute, and the intervals between "fork servings". If you are eating too fast, the fork
will vibrate to let you know to slow down. The HAPIfork weighs 65 grams and is on sale
for $99.

HAPILABS was founded by former French pole vaulter Fabrice Boutain. He explained
the benefits of his new product, saying: "What is important is you take enough time to
chew the food well." He added: "By chewing well, you will help the digestion. There
was a study in the United States in 2006 showing that people eating more slowly will
eat 11 per cent fewer calories. So this is how we can help us lose weight." HAPILABS
spokesman Andrew Carton said: "Eating too fast and insufficient mastication has been
tied to all sorts of problems, including…weight gain." The company's website says there
are many scientific studies that highlight the negative effects related to eating meals
too quickly.


Free Talk Senior

1. What might people want a digital solution to?
2. Where is HAPILABS based?
3. What does the HAPIfork monitor?
4. What intervals does the fork measure?
5. When will the fork vibrate?
6. What was the inventor's sport?
7. What does chewing well help?
8. How many fewer calories could people eat if they chew more slowly?
9. What is one of the problems of insufficient mastication?
10. What kind of studies does the company website mention?

1. What do you think of the HAPIfork?
2. Do you worry about your weight?
3. How good an idea is the HAPIfork?
4. Do you think the HAPIfork will make people lose weight?
5. What's the best way of losing weight?
6. Why are so many people overweight?
7. Should overweight people pay more on airplanes and in hospitals?
8. Do you think the HAPIfork will be a big success?
9. What's the most difficult thing about losing weight?
10. Have you ever tried to lose weight? How did it go?
11. How important is chewing?
12. Do you ever put too much on your fork?
13. When do you eat too quickly?
14. Do you have any bad eating habits?
15 Do you watch what you eat (i.e. be careful with calories)?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 25 “Omnishambles” is Word of the Year

The Oxford English Dictionary has chosen the neologism (new word) "omnishambles"
as its Word of the Year for 2012. The OED's blog defines this recent addition to the
English vocabulary as "a situation that has been comprehensively mismanaged,
characterized by a string of blunders and miscalculations". It is a noun and is used
informally. The word is a combination of the prefix "omni," which means "in all ways"
or "of all things," and "shambles," which means "a state of total disorder from every
possible angle". The word was first coined in 2009 in a BBC political comedy but rose to
prominence earlier this year after it was used to attack the British government by at
least eight politicians in the British Parliament.

Other words in Oxford's top ten include "Eurogeddon" ‐ the threatened financial
collapse in Europe ‐ and "second screening" – to watch television and a device such as
an iPad simultaneously. The texting acronym "YOLO" – you only live once ‐ also made it
onto the list. Oxford said there was no guarantee omnishambles would be added to its
dictionary. It said the word first had to "stand the test of time". Oxford selects its Word
of the Year "to reflect the ethos of the year and its lasting potential as a word of
cultural significance". Past winners include "podcast," "carbon footprint" and "credit
crunch". This year's American winner is "gif" – the format extension of many images on
the Internet.


Free Talk Senior

1. What word in the first sentence means "new word"?
2. What is "omnishambles" characterized by?
3. When was the word "omnishambles" used for the first time?
4. Where was the word "omnishambles" used for the first time?
5. How many politicians attacked the British government?
6. What new word means to watch TV and an iPad at the same time?
7. What does "YOLO" mean?
8. What did the OED not guarantee?
9. What does "omnishambles" have to do to get in the OED?
10. Why does the article mention the image format extension "gif"?

1. How happy are you with your knowledge of English vocabulary?
2. Do you know more words than average in your own language?
3. What do you think of the word "omnishambles"?
4. Do you think English has enough words without adding more?
5. What recent neologisms are there in your language?
6. What recent world events might be an "omnishambles"?
7. Could anything you've ever done be described as an "omnishambles"?
8. What's the best way to learn vocabulary?
9. What do you think of the other neologisms mentioned in the article?
10. Have you ever made a new word (in any language)?
11. What do you think of so many English words being part of your vocabulary?
12. What are your favorite / least favorite English words?
13. Are there words in English you still keep forgetting?
14. Is your teacher good at teaching vocabulary?
15. How interested are you in learning neologisms?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 26 Text messaging turns 20

One of the information age's biggest successes has celebrated its 20th birthday. The
very first, simple, text message was sent on December 3rd, 1992. It was sent by
software engineer Neil Papworth to his boss at the British mobile phone operator
Vodafone. It read simply, "Merry Christmas". Little did they know that their humble
mode of communication would take the world by storm. SMS (Short Message Service)
is today a multi‐billion‐dollar industry covering every corner of the globe. An estimated
nine trillion text messages are sent globally each year. Everyone from presidents to
schoolchildren to villagers in remote parts of developing countries relies on it to
communicate.

SMS is now an integral part of daily life for most of us. It is the preferred method of
communication between family members. One study showed that the average
American teenager sends up to 60 texts a day. It has also spawned countless original
and innovative business strategies from sending cash overseas to voting in online polls.
However, SMS has also been blamed for a decline in language ability and an increase in
traffic accidents. A new sub‐language has spread worldwide as texters find shortcuts to
write their messages as quickly as possible using the fewest possible characters. Texting
shorthand such as LOL (laugh out loud) and OMG (oh my god) has even entered the
Oxford English Dictionary.


Free Talk Senior

1. On what day was the first text message sent?
2. Who was the first text message sent to?
3. How many words were in the very first text message?
4. What does "SMS" mean?
5. What do presidents and schoolchildren rely on SMS to do?
6. For whom is SMS the preferred method of communication?
7. Who sends up to 60 texts a day?
8. What two problems has texting been blamed for?
9. What did texters find to write messages more quickly?
10. What does "LOL" mean?
1. How important is text messaging to you?
2. What would life be like without SMS?
3. Do you think SMS will change in the future?
4. Talk about the first time you used SMS.
5. Have you ever sent a text message by mistake?
6. Do you think SMS is good value for money?
7. What new things would you like to see with SMS?
8. How has SMS changed the world?
9. How often do you send text messages, and why?
10. In what ways is SMS better than e‐mail, chat, Facebook, etc.?
11. Are there any bad things about SMS?
12. What's the most useful thing about SMS for you?
13. Is sending 60 texts a day OK?
14. What do you think of people who send messages that say, "I'm hungry"?
15. Do you like the texting shortcuts and emoticons?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 27 Toyota shows video of driverless car
Toyota has released a video of its new driverless car. The real car will be on show at an
electronics show in Las Vegas, USA. The car is full of special "intelligent" safety features
to make sure it does not crash. It uses radars and video cameras to understand where
other cars are. It can also "see" people and slow down to avoid hitting them. The car
can also communicate with other cars that have the same technology. A Toyota
spokesperson said: "We're looking at a car that would eliminate crashes. Zero‐collisions
are our ultimate aim." He added that the car should be used with a driver, but that it
can also drive itself. This would be useful if the driver wants to use his or her laptop, or
falls asleep.

Toyota is not the first car maker to showcase self‐driving cars. In May 2012, the Swedish
company Volvo tested a self‐drive convoy of cars on a Spanish highway. The search
engine Google has also invested a lot of money in the technology for these cars. The
German auto manufacturers Audi and Mercedes are also developing similar cars. The
chairman of the Ford Motor Company, Bill Ford Jr., said these cars will reduce traffic
jams in the future. He said the cars will receive information from computers that
monitor traffic and then the cars will take a different route around any gridlock.
Toyota's video says: "Lexus advanced active safety research vehicle is leading the
industry into a new automated era."


Free Talk Senior

1. Where will Toyota show its driverless car?
2. What do the intelligent safety features stop the car from doing?
3. What kind of cars can the driverless car communicate with?
4. What is Toyota's aim for the number of car crashes?
5. What could the driver do instead of driving the driverless car?
6. Which car maker tested driverless cars in 2012?
7. From which country are the two other car makers mentioned?
8. Who is Bill Ford Jr.?
9. What will the cars get from computers that monitor traffic?
10. What kind of era does the video say Toyota is leading the industry in?

1. What do you think of the idea of driverless cars?
2. Do you like driving?
3. What is the best and worst thing about driving?
4. Would you feel safe in a self‐driving car?
5. Do you think these cars will one day lead to "zero collisions"?
6. How would you feel if the driver of a self‐driving car fell asleep?
7. What new technology would you like to see in cars of the future?
8. Will we still need cars in the future?
9. Would you buy a self‐driving car or a normal car?
10. What would you do in a self‐driving car if you didn't have to drive?
11. What's your dream car, and why?
12. What's the best way to reduce traffic accidents?
13. What's the best way to reduce traffic jams?
14. How bad is the traffic where you live?
15. What will cars be like in 100 years from now?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 28 2013 to be great for English students

The year 2013 will without doubt be a great year for many of us wondering what's in
store for us. Expert forecasters are predicting it will be one of the best years ever. It will
be one of those years when record numbers of people will stick to and keep their New
Year's resolutions. That means millions of smokers will quit smoking and the
overweight will make a more conscious effort to trim their waistlines. It should also be
an easier year on the pocket as the world economy recovers slightly from its recent
shocks and downturns. In technology, all eyes will be on Apple to see if it will launch
another revolutionary product. Industry insiders say rumors are spreading of an Apple
television.

There is also good news for those hoping to make gains with their English. An
abundance of great new tools will hit the shelves of both online and traditional stores
throughout the year. These will provide students with an unprecedented variety of
products to help them in areas they want to improve on. The Internet will also see a lot
more sites aimed at providing students with ways to interact with others around the
world in English. More and more learners will study English in cyberspace from a
growing army of online teachers. 2013 will also see record numbers of people studying
abroad, but not just English ‐ millions will start learning Chinese, as China grows
increasingly important in business.


Free Talk Senior

1. What might people be wondering about 2013?
2. How many people will keep their New Year's resolutions?
3. What will the overweight make an effort to do?
4. What will the world economy recover from?
5. Why will people be looking at the company Apple?
6. What will be in stores for English students?
7. What will new English products help students with?
8. Who will students interact with over the Internet?
9. What army is mentioned in the article?
10. How many people will start learning Chinese?

1. Are you full of optimism about 2013?
2. What are your New Year's resolutions and will you keep them?
3. What could happen for this year to be the best ever?
4. How was 2012 for you?
5. What have been the best and worst years of your life?
6. What do you think is in store for us this year?
7. Do you think you'll be financially better off by the end of this year?
8. What new product might Apple bring out? Will you buy it?
9. What kind of gains are you hoping to make with your English this year?
10. Are you a good student?
11. How do you use the Internet to study English?
12. What do you think of using the Web to interact with others in English?
13. Is online learning better than studying in a classroom?
14. What's the best site to use to study online?
15. What do you think of the idea of having an online teacher?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 29 Thousands marry on “Love You Forever Day”

Thousands of Chinese couples got married on Friday because the date, 4th January
2013, sounds like "endless love until death" when spoken in the Chinese language
Mandarin. The newlyweds hoped the day would prove to be an auspicious one on
which to tie the knot. At least 10,000 couples walked down the aisle in Beijing alone.
Even though registry offices were fully booked, hopeful brides and bridegrooms braved
freezing weather in the hope the registrars could fit them in. The government had to
lay on thousands of extra staff to accommodate the increased number of people
wanting to take the plunge. In Hong Kong, the city's five marriage registries were fully
booked by September 20 last year. The city saw 558 people become man and wife on
Friday.

Dates that are numerically unique are very popular in China as people believe they are
lucky. Matching days, months and years ‐ like 12/12/12 and 11/11/11 ‐ are considered to
bring good fortune. The next such date will be January 1st in the year 2101. Newlywed
Chen Foshan told the china.org website: "We promised to get married today a long
time ago, if doomsday didn't come first." Marriage is becoming big business in China
because the country's middle class is booming. People spend a lot of money on
extravagant ceremonies and receptions. One of the biggest expenses is an elaborate
wedding album. The happy couple is photographed at various locations wearing
different costumes. Photos of the actual vows or exchanging of rings are not usually
taken.


Free Talk Senior

1. On what date did thousands of couples get married?
2. What kind of day did the couples hope it would prove to be?
3. How many couples got married in Beijing?
4. What did the government have to do?
5. How many people got married in Hong Kong?
6. What kind of dates do Chinese people think are lucky?
7. When is the next combination of matching day, month and year?
8. What is becoming big business in China?
9. What is one of the biggest expenses at Chinese weddings?
10. What things are not photographed at Chinese weddings?

1. What is your idea of a perfect wedding?
2. What do you think of "Love You Forever Day"?
3. Is it important to get married on a lucky day?
4. How important is one's wedding day?
5. Where is the best place to get married?
6. Why do many people not like weddings?
7. Do you think it's easy or difficult to plan a wedding?
8. What's the best and worst wedding you've ever been to?
9. Would you feel your wedding was off to a good start if it was on 12/12/12 or a similar
date?
10. Should people spend a lot of money on weddings?
11. What is the best part of a wedding: the ceremony or the reception?
12. Do you think that one day; weddings will become a thing of the past?
13. Do you think your wedding is the happiest day of your life?
14. Which celebrity wedding would you really like to go to?
15. What do you think of royal weddings?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 30 Technology superstars ask kids to code

The biggest names in technology want today's children to learn computer
programming. Other stars, from the world of sport, entertainment, fashion, etc., also
say kids need to learn to code. People like Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and
Microsoft founder Bill Gates have appeared in a video to tell children coding is fun.
Dropbox creator Drew Houston believes coding is like learning to play a musical
instrument or playing a sport: "It starts out being very [scary], but you kind of get the
hang of it over time," he said. Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am also appeared in the
video. He said: "Great coders are today's rock stars." Basketball star and coder Chris
Bosh told kids he thought coding was cool.

The video is from Code.org – a non‐profit foundation that wants schools to give
children more lessons on computer programming. Its website says: "Every student in
every school should have the opportunity to learn to code." The site contains dozens of
quotes from high‐profile figures. The first is from the late Steve Jobs, co‐founder of
Apple, who said a long time ago: "I think everybody…should learn how to program a
computer because it teaches you how to think." Video game designer Gabe Newell
explained how coding can really change children's lives. He said: "The programmers of
tomorrow are the wizards of the future. You're going to look like you have magic
powers."


Free Talk Senior

COMPREHSIONS QUESTIONS
1. Who wants kids to learn computer programming?
2. What did the Dropbox creator liken coding to?
3. What did Drew Houston say coding was like at the beginning?
4. What did will.i.am say coders were like?
5. What did a basketball star say about coding?
6. What kind or organization is Code.org?
7. What did Code.org say every kid should have?
8. What did Steve Jobs say computer programming teaches you to do?
9. Who is Gabe Newell?
10. What did Gabe Newell say coding can change?

1. How important is coding?
2. Do you think children should learn coding in school?
3. What do you think is fun about coding?
4. Why might learning to code be like playing a sport?
5. Do you think being a coder is better than being a doctor or lawyer?
6. Do you think you could quickly get the hang of coding?
7. What do you think of the idea of great coders being like rock stars?
8. What is computer programming?
9. Which tech company would you love to work for?
10. Are you surprised that only 1 in 10 U.S. schools teach programming?
11. What do you think of the quote from Steve Jobs?
12. How might coding make you feel like you have magic powers?
13. Are coders really just nerds and geeks or are they great?
14. What would you do if you were a coder?
15. What questions would you like to ask the owners of Code.org?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 31 Meteorite hits Russia, thousands injured

A meteorite exploded above central Russia on Friday morning. It was just like a scene
from a science fiction movie. People watched the bright, swimming pool‐sized rock fly
across the sky and then crash. It entered the Earth's atmosphere and looked like a giant
shooting star. The power of the explosion damaged many buildings and smashed
thousands of windows. The city of Chelyabinsk had no gas or Internet for a short time
after the meteor shower came down. Thousands of people went to hospital for medical
treatment. Many of them had cuts from flying glass. They did not know the shock wave
from the explosion would be so dangerous and cause so much damage.

The Russian army found three giant holes in the earth where different parts of the
meteorite hit the ground. One crater was six meters wide. The craters were 80 km
apart. Investigators are checking the sites of where the meteorites came down to see if
they are radioactive. The police have sealed off the areas to protect the public.
Scientists working at the site said the meteor was mostly rock and iron. They said it is
the largest meteorite to hit the Earth for over 100 years. NASA estimated that the
meteor weighed around 7,000 tons and exploded with the power of 20 atomic bombs.
Russian newspapers say that some people are now trying to sell rocks from the
meteorite for $15 each.


Free Talk Senior

1. Where in the world did the meteorite explode?
2. What was it like a scene from?
3. What did it look like?
4. What did the meteorite leave people without in one town?
5. What cut the people who were injured?
6. How many holes did the Russian army find?
7. How far apart were the craters?
8. What was the meteorite made of?
9. Who said the meteorite weighed 7,000 tons?
10. How much can you buy a piece of meteor rock for?

1. What do you know about meteorites?
2. How scary is the idea of a meteorite hitting your town?
3. Why didn't the government warn people about the meteorite?
4. Did you see TV pictures of the meteorite? What did you think?
5. What would you do if you saw a meteorite in the sky above you?
6. Do you think meteorite contain dangerous things from space?
7. Do you like movies about things from space hitting (or nearly hitting) the Earth?
8. What would world leaders do if a super‐giant, huge, enormous meteorite was going
to hit the Earth in a year from now?
9. What would it be like to investigate a meteor crash site?
10. Do you think meteorite could carry life from outer space?
11. What is the most interesting thing about outer space?
12. What will the Russian police do with the meteorite?
13. What name would you give to the meteorite (and why)?
14. Would you like to buy a piece of the meteorite? What would you do with it?
15. What questions would you like to ask a meteorite expert?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 32 Pope Benedict XVI resigns

There was a huge shock for the Catholic Church on Monday. Its leader Pope Benedict
XVI resigned. No one knew he would resign. He even surprised all of the people who
worked closely with him. It is the first time a pope has resigned in nearly 600 years. The
last papal resignation was in 1415. The Archbishop of Paris said resigning as Pope was a
"taboo". However, he said it was a good decision because future popes would have
more freedom to quit if they needed to. The Holy Father will be head of the Catholic
Church until 8pm on February the 28th. From March the 1st, Vatican leaders will start
looking for a new pope. Many Catholics hope their next leader will be from the
developing world.

Benedict, 85, said he was too old to do his job properly. He became Pope in 2005 at the
age of 77. He said that to perform the role of pope, "both strength of mind and body
are necessary". He admitted that in the past few months he has not felt strong enough
to do his job properly. His 89‐year‐old brother, Georg Ratzinger, told reporters: "My
brother would like more rest at this age." Benedict had to manage some big scandals in
his time as Pope. These included the truth coming out about thousands of children
being sexually abused by priests. The Church covered this up for many decades.
Meanwhile, world leaders have made statements to thank Benedict for his work over
the past eight years.


Free Talk Senior

1. On what day did Pope Benedict XVI resign?
2. Who knew he was going to resign?
3. In what year did a pope last resign?
4. Where was the Archbishop from who said a pope resigning was taboo?
5. Until what time will Pope Benedict XVI be pope?
6. How old was Pope Benedict XVI when he became pope?
7. What else is needed for the job besides strength of body?
8. What did his brother say Pope Benedict XVI would like more of?
9. For how long did the Catholic Church hide sexual abuse?
10. Who made statements thanking the pope for his work?

1. What do you know about Pope Benedict XVI?
2. What do you think of the leader of your religion?
3. How important are religious leaders to you?
4. Do you think it's OK for the pope to quit?
5. Why do you think the pope didn't tell anyone he was going to quit?
6. Should the pope have given a month's notice that he would quit?
7. Why is a pope quitting such a "taboo"?
8. Should the next pope be the first from the developing world?
9. Do you think 85 is too old to work?
10. Do you hope to be working when you're 85?
11. What do you think of people who say he was wrong to resign?
12. Has he damaged the Catholic Church by quitting?
13. What do you think of the Catholic Church?
14. How badly did the scandals damage the Catholic Church?
15. What do you think of the idea of a female pope?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 33 Internet safety lessons for 5‐year‐olds

A British organization has recommended that children as young as five should be given
instruction on the dangers of the Internet. The U.K. Safer Internet Centre is co‐funded
by the European Commission and delivers a wide range of activities and initiatives to
promote the safe and responsible use of technology. Britain's National Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) welcomed the advice and urged schools to
provide appropriate guidance on Internet use. The NSPCC's Claire Lilley warned of the
dangers youngsters faced by being online. She said: "We are facing an e‐safety time
bomb. Young people tell us they are experiencing all sorts of new forms of abuse on a
scale never seen before."

The Safer Internet Centre published an online survey of children's reflections on the
Internet on February 5th, to coincide with the UK's Safer Internet Day. The report
summarizes the opinions of 24,000 schoolchildren. It found that 31% of seven to 11‐
year‐olds said that gossip or mean comments online had stopped them from enjoying
the Internet. Children also said they had been exposed to online pornography,
experienced cyber‐bullying and had been forced into sending indecent images of
themselves to others. The report said: "Promoting a safer and better Internet for
children…involves promoting their online rights ‐ to be safe online, to report concerns
and to manage their privacy."


Free Talk Senior

1. What did an organization recommend for 5‐year‐olds?
2. Where does the U.K. Safer Internet Centre get some of its money from?
3. What is the NSPCC?
4. What did Claire Lilley say we face?
5. What are we experiencing on a never before seen scale?
6. When is Safer Internet Day?
7. How many kids participated in the survey?
8. What two things stopped kids from enjoying the Internet?
9. What have kids been forced into sending to other people?
10. What does the U.K. Safer Internet Centre want kids to manage?

1. How was your very first experience of the Internet?
2. What are the good things about the Internet?
3. Have you had any bad experiences on the Internet?
4. From what age should children be allowed on the Internet?
5. What are the dangers for a child going online unsupervised?
6. What should children learn at school about the Internet?
7. What do you think the e‐safety time bomb is the article referred to?
8. If a child gets in trouble online, is it the parents' fault?
9. What punishment should someone get for abusing kids online?
10. Should it be easier to remove gossip on sites like Facebook?
11. What do you think kids like or dislike about the Internet?
12. What are the bad things about the Internet?
13. What should happen on Safer Internet Day?
14. How can we combat cyber‐bullying?
15. What kind of online rights should children enjoy?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 34 U.S. allows women to fight in wars

The U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta has announced one of the biggest reforms
of the American military in decades. He has lifted the ban on women fighting on the
front line in future wars. The new ruling reinforces the fact that women have been
putting their lives at risk for many years. Mr. Panetta told reporters: "Female service
members have faced the reality of combat, proving their willingness to fight and, yes,
to die to defend their fellow Americans." Panetta said many very able women soldiers
have been prevented from doing a job they love because of their gender. He said: "We
owe it to them to allow them to pursue every avenue of military service for which they
are fully prepared and qualified."

The Defense Secretary announced there was an important proviso to his new ruling –
that women must be able to meet the military's standards, including physical ones.
Army Sergeant Jeremy Grayson agreed, saying: "Women would have to be able to do
the physical stuff that men do. They have to be able to pull their own weight." Another
Army spokesman, Anthony Lemaitre, warned the public to be prepared to handle
seeing women troops come home in body bags or with lost limbs. He said: "It's harder
to see a mother or a daughter dead." There could now be up to 237,000 positions
available for women that are currently off limits to them. The Army says the ruling will
benefit the military in many ways.


Free Talk Senior

1. What is Leon Panetta's job?
2. What has Leon Panetta lifted?
3. For how long have women been putting lives at risk?
4. What are women prepared to die for?
5. What does Leon Panetta want women to pursue?
6. What is Leon Panetta's important condition?
7. What did a soldier say female soldiers would have to pull?
8. What must the U.S. public be prepared for?
9. How many military jobs could there be for women?
10. In how many ways did the Army say the ruling could benefit the Army?

1. What do you think of female soldiers?
2. Should women be allowed to fight on the front line?
3. Why do men in government tell women they cannot fight in combat?
4. Would you fight to defend your country?
5. What would enemy soldiers think about fighting women?
6. What do you think of soldiers who are ready to die to protect their fellow citizens?
7. Do you think you would be a good soldier?
8. How important is this new ruling?
9. Do you think all countries will allow their women to fight one day?
9. How difficult is it for a woman to do exactly the same as men?
10. Do you always pull your own weight?
11. How would people's view of war change if they saw many women in body bags?
12. How different would you feel if your daughter went to the front line than if your
son did?
13. Are there extra dangers for women soldiers?
14. What could women do on the front line better than men?
15. How might the new ruling benefit the U.S. military?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 35 30 million bathe in Ganges for Kumbh Mela

The world's biggest gathering of humanity took place yesterday on the banks of India's
River Ganges. Up to 30 million people took part in a pilgrimage known as the Kumbh
Mela. Hindu devotees have been travelling across India since the opening day of the
festival on January the 14th. Then, just a modest eight million took a dip in the holy
waters at a town called Sangam. This is where the Ganges and Yamuna rivers merge. Up
to 100 million people will make their way to Sangam to bathe in the sacred waters
during the 55‐day event. This year is a special one, known as a Maha Kumbh Mela,
which happens only once every 144 years. Hindus believe that bathing in the rivers will
cleanse their sins and bring salvation.

Security has been particularly tight during this Kumbh Mela due to record numbers of
attendees and the execution on Saturday of one of those who attacked the Indian
parliament in 2001. Kashmiri Afzal Guru was hanged in the capital New Delhi for his
part in the attack. Militants had promised to disrupt the Mela by causing a stampede.
As a precaution, Indian police laid on thousands of extra officers to look for suspected
terrorists. They also set up increased numbers of surveillance cameras. Meanwhile, a
request went out to Indian celebrities to not visit the Mela at the busiest time. A police
spokesman said the excitement created by a leading Bollywood actor or a popular
singer could have resulted in a potentially deadly surge.


Free Talk Senior

1. Where on the Ganges did the Kumbh Mela take place?
2. What kind of followers joined the Kumbh Mela?
3. When was the opening day of the Kumbh Mela?
4. How many people in total are expected to attend the Kumbh Mela?
5. How often does the Maha Kumbh Mela occur?
6. Why was there tighter security this year?
7. What did extremists threaten to do to the Kumbh Mela?
8. Why were extra police officers sent to the Kumbh Mela?
9. What was increased in addition to extra numbers of police?
10. Who were told to stay away?

1. What's your favorite festival?
2. Are religious festivals better than non‐religious ones?
3. Would you like to attend a festival along with 30 million other people?
4. Do you think such a festival could change you as a person?
5. What's the best festival in your country?
6. Do you think water has spiritual or healing powers?
7. Is India a more spiritual place than most other countries?
8. Would you like to attend the Kumbh Mela?
9. Would you feel safe at the Kumbh Mela with so many people?
10. Is there an (another) important pilgrimage in your religion?
11. Should the execution of Afzal Guru have been moved to another day?
12. Are the police more or less ineffective in a gathering of 30 million?
13. What's the biggest event you've ever attended and how was it?
14. What would you do in a stampede?
15. What world festival would you really love to attend?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 36 Brazil still in shock after nightclub inferno

Brazilians are still in shock at the devastating loss of life after the nightclub fire in the
city of Santa Maria in southern Rio Grande do Sul state. The blaze at the Kiss club has
so far claimed the lives of 236 partygoers. The death toll could rise as another 87
people are fighting for their life on respirators in intensive care units. Investigators have
been quick to ascertain the cause of such a high number of fatalities. They blame highly
flammable and toxic foam that was used to soundproof the club. Santa Maria police
Chief Marcelo Arigony told reporters: "If it weren't for this material, no one would have
died." The police also blamed faulty fire extinguishers and alarms, and a single
obstructed emergency exit.

The co‐owner of the nightclub is blaming "the whole country" for the disaster.
Elissandro Spohr, 28, has been arrested by police for operating a nightclub without a
valid license after his club's safety certificate expired last year. He is currently in a
hospital after trying to commit suicide. He reportedly told police officers he no longer
has the will to live and regrets he was ever born. His lawyer says Mr. Spohr blames all
the inspectors who approved the plans for the nightclub, saying: "My client's
responsibility is having trusted too much in the inspectors and in those responsible for
the construction." He denies police reports of overcrowding – that 1,200 people were
in a place with a capacity of 700.


Free Talk Senior

1. What adjective was used to describe the loss of life?
2. What word was used instead of "fire"?
3. Where are another 87 people?
4. Why was the foam so dangerous?
5. What was wrong with the emergency exit?
6. Who does the co‐owner of Kiss blame for the fire?
7. Why didn't the club have an up‐to‐date safety certificate?
8. Why is the co‐owner in hospital?
9. Who did the lawyer say Mr. Spohr trusted too much?
10. What did Mr. Spohr deny?

1. How can tragedies like this happen in the 21st century?
2. What can governments do to prevent future tragedies?
3. What's the best way to remember the victims of the fire?
4. What questions should the investigators ask about the fire?
5. Why do you think such hazardous materials were used in the nightclub?
6. Should the person responsible for faulty fire extinguishers and alarms be
prosecuted?
7. Do you ever worry about the safety of crowded places you go to?
9. Have you ever been somewhere you thought was unsafe?
10. What lessons can other nightclubs and public spaces learn from Santa Maria?
11. Is it disrespectful to the victims that everyone is blaming other people and no one
is taking any responsibility for what happened?
12. How can Elissandro Spohr blame the whole country?
13. How has Elissandro Spohr's life changed?
14. Should someone be prosecuted if there were too many people in the club?
15. Will corners always be cut regarding safety to save money?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 37 France shuns use of Twitter “hash tag”

French authorities have declared war on the English word "hash tag" in its continuing
drive to keep its language as free as possible from English loan words. France's
government has a special department that oversees the purity of its language and
issues recommendations regarding outside influences. The General Commission for
Terminology and Neologisms has decided that "hash tag" will no longer be used in
government documents and public statements. Instead, it will use the new, French
term "mot‐dièse," which is translated as "sharp word". The Commission also
encouraged users of social media, especially people on Twitter, to use the new word.

"Hash tag" is the latest English word to fall foul of the French authorities. Officials
recently released a list of words and terms they want removed. These include "e‐mail",
"blog", "supermodel", "take‐away", "chewing gum", "parking", "weekend" and "low‐
cost airline". Schoolteachers in France have been urged to discourage students from
using them. Many Twitter users pointed out that "mot‐dièse" refers to the wrong
symbol as the word "dièse" denotes the sharp symbol from music, which looks similar
to the hash tag symbol. One comment on the Huffington Post website suggested
France needed to accept new words. It said: "Many languages use loan words and
society hasn't fallen apart because of it."


Free Talk Senior

1. What has France declared war on?
2. What does the French government want to keep out of French?
3. What does the Commission look at besides terminology?
4. What does the French term "mot‐dièse" mean?
5. Who in particular does France want not to use the word "hash tag"?
6. What did French officials release recently?
7. What adjective is used before the word "airline"?
8. Who has been discouraged from using English loan words?
9. In what publication was there a comment about this issue?
10. What hasn't happened to many societies that use loan words?

1. When do you use hash tags?
2. Do you agree with France shunning the English word 'hash tag'?
3. What do you think of English words entering your language?
4. How much do you like your language?
5. What loan words from your language is part of the English language?
6. Is English a good world language?
7. Will there only be one language in the world one day?
8. What neologisms (new words) in your language do you like?
9. Would French be better with or without English words?
10. What English words do you dislike?
11. Do you think each language should have its own word for computer terms, like
"mouse", "software", "Internet", "keyboard", etc.?
13. Would you tell your children to keep English words out of their native language
when they speak or write?
14. What do you think of the French referring to the sharp symbol from music instead
of the hash tag symbol?
15. Do you agree with the comment from the Huffington Post reader?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 38 U.S. town bans small bottles of water

The U.S. town of Concord in Massachusetts State has banned stores from selling water
in bottles that are smaller than one liter. Stores who sell the water will have to pay a
$50 fine. The new law is the result of a three‐year campaign by local resident Jean Hill.
Ms Hill first told people about the idea at a meeting in 2010. She wants people to drink
more tap water and use fewer plastic bottles, which she says end up littering streets,
rivers and the countryside. She said: "Bottled water is bad for the environment, our
health, and our public water systems. Concord's decision to go bottled‐water free is a
great example of how communities can promote our most essential public service: the
tap."

Many people are unhappy with the new law, which started on New Year's Day. The
bottled water industry said small bottles are very important for people's health. It said
banning small bottles would mean people will drink more small bottles of colas and
other soft drinks. Shops can still sell small bottles of other kinds of drinks. Local stores
and restaurants say they will lose customers as people will simply drive to nearby
towns to buy small bottles of water. One local resident said the new law is dangerous
to her health. Ann Davidson, 82, said tap water is bad for her health so she has to buy
water, but 1.5 liter bottles are too heavy for her. People buy 50 billion small bottles of
water each year in the USA.


Free Talk Senior

1. How big are the banned bottles of water?
2. What kind of fine will stores have to pay for selling the banned water?
3. When did Jean Hill first mention banning small water bottles?
4. What did Jean Hill say plastic bottles do to the environment?
5. What did Ms Hill say was the most essential public service?
6. When was the start of the new law?
7. What will people drink instead of water?
8. Where will people drive to buy small bottles of water?
9. What is Ann Davidson's problem with 1.5 liter bottles of water?
10. How many small bottles of water do Americans buy every year?

1. What do you think of bottled water?
2. Is bottled water pretty much the same as tap water?
3. What do you think of the banning of small bottles of water?
4. Are plastic bottles a problem in your town?
5. Should we all buy fewer things in plastic bottles?
6. We rarely bought bottled water 50 years ago. Why do we buy so much today? Is it
clever marketing by water companies?
7. Would your life change much if all bottled water was banned?
8. Is the tap (faucet) our most essential public service?
9. Do you understand why people are unhappy with the new law?
10. Will the new law mean people get unhealthier because they will buy cola instead of
water?
11. Are the water companies interested in our health or their profits?
12. Is the new law unfair on small shops and restaurants?
13. Why ban water in one town when people can buy it in nearby towns?
14. Could you drink only water and no other drinks?
15. How important is water to you?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 39 Most divorces due to household chores

Most people believe that the biggest grounds for divorce are either infidelity or
arguments over money. However, a new report from British law firm Gateley suggests
otherwise. According to its analysis of 350 divorce cases, seven out of ten divorces
occur because of disputes over who does what household chores. Twenty per cent of
divorces are due to unfaithfulness. Gateley says gone are the days when the wife did all
the cooking and cleaning. Dual income marriages now mean split responsibilities for
vacuuming, doing the dishes and tidying. Gateley advised couples to discuss who does
what before walking down the aisle. A spokeswoman said that, "going into a marriage
blind could be a recipe for disaster".

Conversely, a study in Norway suggests that couples who share household chores are
more likely to split up. Thomas Hansen, co‐author of the report 'Equality in the Home,'
said the divorce rate among couples who shared housework equally was 50 per cent
higher than for those where women did all the work. Mr. Hansen said that in Norway
women did most of the housework in 70 per cent of marriages, and were "largely
happy" to do so. An adverse side effect of marital discord is that many families are now
"too poor to split up". The U.K. charity Relate said that in many middle‐income families,
couples stay together because they can't afford to divorce. Relate says this results in a
"toxic" home environment.


Free Talk Senior

1. What do most people believe are the biggest reasons for divorce?
2. What proportion of U.K. divorces is due to household chores?
3. What are 20% of U.K. divorces due to?
4. What now means split responsibilities?
5. What could be "a recipe for disaster"?
6. What does a Norwegian study suggest?
7. What percentage of Norwegian marriages did women do most chores?
8. What is an adverse side effect of marital discord?
9. What kind of families stay together because of financial problems?
10. What kind of home environment does Relate describe?

1. How could housework be made more exciting?
2. What do you think of household chores being a big factor in divorces?
3. Do you do your fair share of household chores?
4. Who do you know who is lazy when it comes to household chores? What do you say
to them?
5. Who should do the chores if both partners work?
6. Should the sharing of household chores and who does what be agreed upon before
marriage?
7. What is your most hated household chore, and why?
8. Is not discussing household chores "a recipe for disaster"?
9. What do you think of housework?
10. Men are generally physically stronger, so should they do more of the housework?
11. What do you think of the Norwegian study that says shared housework leads to
more divorce?
12. What do you think of 70% of Norwegian women being "largely happy" to do most
of the housework?
13. What happens when families are "too poor to split up"?
14. Is the issue of household chores becoming a bigger problem?

Free Talk Senior
15. Are men generally lazy around the house?

Lesson 40 Law says visit old relatives or pay a fine

China has passed a new law that says people must visit their older relatives. This means
older parents or grandparents can sue their kids and grandkids for not visiting them.
The new law will start on July 1, 2013. It is part of a new campaign called the Protection
of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly. China says it is so the country's aging
population is not left alone. There have been many stories recently in China's
newspapers of old people dying alone because their children do not visit them. More
than half of China's elderly live alone. Even though the law says children have to visit
their older relatives "often," it does not say how often "often" is. It also does not say
how much the fine is for not visiting often.

China is becoming an aging society because of its one child per family policy. In 1978,
the Chinese government told all couples they could have only one child. Some families
could have two or more, such as those living in the countryside, ethnic minorities, or
people who had twins. The Xinhua news agency said that at the end of 2011, almost 14
per cent of China's population was over 60 years old. That's more than 184 million
people. This number is increasing because of China's rapid economic development.
More and more young people are leaving the countryside to work in China's cities.
Their parents are left alone and have to look after themselves. There are very few
homes for the aged in the countryside.


Free Talk Senior

1. What can parents do to children who do not visit them?
2. When does the new law start?
3. What stories have recently been in Chinese newspapers?
4. How many of China's old people live alone?
5. How much is the fine for not visiting old people?
6. When did China's one child policy start?
7. How many children could you have if you lived in the countryside?
8. How much of China's population is over 60?
9. What are many of China's young leaving?
10. What aren't there many of in the countryside?

1. Are the elderly looked after well in your country?
2. What do you think it is like to be 70 or 80 years old?
3. How often should children visit their older parents?
4. Why is this law needed?
5. Has society broken if old people are dying alone?
6. What do you learn from the old people around you?
7. Do you think you'll be alone in your old age?
8. How much should the fine be for not visiting old people?
9. What do you think of the elderly?
10. What do you think the elderly worry about?
11. What do you think of a law that says you must visit your aging parents?
12. What are the good and bad things about being old?
13. What do you think of China's one child per family policy?
14. What are the problems of an aging society?
15. Should the government build more care homes for the elderly?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 41 Moscow to get English radio station
Moscow's English‐speaking residents and language learners will have something new
to listen to starting on November 12. The city is launching a brand new radio station in
English to cater to expats, tourists and local residents. The new station, to be called
Moscow FM, is being set up by Moscow's city hall. It is part of an ongoing initiative to
make the city easier to live in for non‐Russians. The radio channel follows hot on the
heels of street signs in English, which emerged for the first time several months ago.
Moscow's Deputy Mayor Andrei Sharonov told the "Moscow Times" newspaper that
the next stage of the city's project would be to provide tuition to the city's police
officers to study English.

Moscow FM will have a strong focus on news – both national and international. The
"Moscow Times" reported that: "The news content will be produced by the state‐
funded English language TV channel Russia Today and will make up 20‐30 per cent of
the airtime." A spokesman for the new station promised it would be, "a fundamentally
new urban radio". It is sure to be a hit with tens of thousands of Moscow's foreign
residents as well as the five million tourists who pass through Russia's capital every
year. It should also prove popular with Russians learning English in Moscow. Language
student Oksana Ivashin said she would be tuning in regularly to the station, "for a
Russian perspective on English news".


Free Talk Senior

COMPREHESION QUESTIONS
1. Which of Moscow's residents will have something new to listen to?
2. When is the radio channel due to start airing?
3. Who will the station cater to, besides tourists and local residents?
4. Who is behind the radio station?
5. What will be provided to Moscow's police officers?
6. What will the channel have a strong focus on?
7. What proportion of the airtime will be dedicated to news?
8. How many tourists does Moscow see each year?
9. What will student Oksana Ivashin be doing regularly?
10. What kind of perspective does Oksana Ivashin want?

1. How good is using the radio to learn English?
2. Talk about your experiences of learning English listening to the radio?
3. Do you think all cities should have an English radio station?
4. Do you think Moscow FM will be a big hit?
5. What English shows would you like to listen to on the radio?
6. Which is better, Internet radio, car radio, or regular radio?
7. How much English is there in your town (radio, street signs, etc)?
8. What do you think of the idea of giving English tuition to the police?
9. Do you like news with a strong local or international focus?
10. Is there a problem with news content coming from a state‐funded body?
11. What did you think "a fundamentally new urban radio" might be?
12. What should radio stations do to help people learn languages?
13. Do you like news from the perspective of your country?
14. Which is a better way to learn English, radio or television?
15. What are the advantages and disadvantages of listening to the radio to learn
English?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 42 European Union wastes billions of euros

The European Union (EU) wasted a lot of money last year. The annual report on EU
spending said the Union misspent almost five billion euros (around US$6.4 billion). The
boss of the European Court of Auditors, the group that made the report, said the EU
was very careless and should look after its money better. He said his team "found too
many cases of EU money not hitting the target". Vitor Caldeira, the Court's president,
said that many Europeans have to be careful with their money because of the financial
crisis. He said the EU should take greater care with its budget because of the weak
economies in Europe: "These problems matter more than ever," he added.

A spokesperson from the EU told reporters that the spending mistakes were under 4
per cent of the total EU budget. He added this was better than the 7 per cent error rate
from five years ago. Some of the mistakes were very big. The EU spent money on the
wrong things. One example was they gave money for training electronics employees to
other kinds of workers. Another was giving money to forestry projects instead of
farming programmes. Mr. Caldeira said that only two areas of the EU budget had no
mistakes. Marta Andreasen of the UK Independence Party said the mistakes showed
the EU was seriously mismanaged. She also said this problem should "set alarm bells
ringing".


Free Talk Senior

1. When did the EU waste a lot of money?
2. How much money in US dollars is 5 billion euros?
3. What did the EU not hit?
4. Why do Europeans have to be more careful?
5. What should the EU take greater care of?
6. What was under 4% of the total EU budget?
7. What was the error rate five years ago?
8. What kind of employees should have got money?
9. What got money instead of farms?
10. What did a British woman say might start ringing?

1. Do you waste money?
2. What was your biggest waste of money?
3. What do you think of the EU wasting so much money?
4. Do you think people in the EU should quit their jobs because of this waste?
5. Why do you think the EU budget did not hit the target?
6. Are you good at budgeting?
7. Has the financial crisis changed your life?
8. How is your country in the financial crisis?
9. What is the biggest waste of money in your country?
10. How do you feel when you waste money?
11. Is it natural for people to waste money?
12. Is 4% waste OK / normal?
13. What should the EU do about this waste?
14. What do you think your country should spend its money on?
15. Will the European economies be healthier next year?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 43 Gamer beats soccer star to manager’s job

The top football (soccer) club in Azerbaijan has named a 21‐year‐old video game player
as its new manager (coach). They chose gamer Vugar Huseynzade instead of 1991
European Footballer of the Year Jean‐Pierre Papin. The club is Baku FC, which is
currently top of the Azerbaijan league. It gave the position of manager of its "A" team
(the reserves) to locally‐born Huseynzade instead of the hugely experienced
Frenchman Papin. The club's decision has shocked the football world. All eyes will now
be on Huseynzade to see how well he can manage the team. The young manager told
reporters his ambition is to get his team into the Europe League, which is the second‐
biggest tournament in European football.

Mr. Huseynzade has a short but interesting football background. He was born in Baku in
1991 and grew up supporting Baku FC. He went to high school in Sweden and learnt
about a different kind of soccer. He then studied at Boston University in the USA, where
he graduated in Business Management. For the past ten years he has been addicted to
the video game Football Manager. Baku FC hired him in February 2012 as an advisor.
The club really liked his knowledge of the game in leading his Football Manager teams
to victory. Huseynzade said that managing football teams in simulation games gave him
valuable on‐the‐job skills and training. He added that he couldn't wait to select his first
team and win his first game.


Free Talk Senior

1. Which country is this story from?
2. Who did they choose Huseynzade instead of?
3. Where is Baku FC in the Azeri league right now?
4. Where was Huseynzade born?
5. What's the young manager's ambition?
6. Which team did Huseynzade support as a child?
7. What did Huseynzade study at university?
8. What was Huseynzade's first role at the club?
9. What did Baku FC like about Huseynzade?
10. What did Huseynzade say was useful (valuable) about playing games?

1. Why is football (soccer) the world's most popular sport?
2. What do you think of a 21‐year‐old gamer becoming coach?
3. What could a gamer do better than a coach experienced on the pitch?
4. Why did they choose the gamer instead of 1991 European Footballer of the Year
Jean‐Pierre Papin?
5. How would you feel if your favorite team made a gamer its manager?
6. Do you think Huseynzade's passion for his club will see him win?
7. What questions would you like to ask Coach Vugar Huseynzade?
8. What do you think his answers might be?
Which word is best – 'soccer' or 'football'?
9. What do you think of Huseynzade's background?
10. What football management skills can you and can't you learn from a video game?
11. What do you think the older Baku FC players will think of their 21‐year‐old gaming
coach?
12. Have you been addicted to games, the Internet, mobile phone, etc?
13. What do you think the other teams in the league think about this?
14. Is this a very creative or very stupid decision by Baku FC?
15. What questions would you like to ask the Baku FC boss?

Free Talk Senior

Lesson 44 Finland has world’s best education system

A new report into world education shows Finland has the best system. The global study
is called "The Learning Curve" and is from the British magazine "The Economist". It
aims to help governments provide a better education to students. The 52‐page report
looked at the education system in 50 countries. Researchers analyzed millions of
statistics on exam grades, literacy rates, attendance, and university graduation rates.
Asia did well in the report, with South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore finishing
second, third, fourth and fifth. The United States came 17th in the study, while Mexico,
Brazil and Indonesia filled the bottom three positions in the top 50.

The Learning Curve reported on five things that education leaders should remember.
The first is that spending lots of money on schools and teachers does not always mean
students will learn. Second is that "good teachers are essential to high‐quality
education". The report said teachers should be "treated as the valuable professionals
they are, not as technicians in a huge, educational machine". Numbers three and four
are that a country's culture must have a strong focus on the importance of education,
and parents have a key part to play. Finally, countries need to "educate for the future,
not just the present." The report said: "Many of today's job titles…simply did not exist
20 years ago."


Free Talk Senior

1. What was the new report into?
2. What is the name of the report?
3. What two rates did the researchers look at?
4. In which position did South Korea finish on the list?
5. What was Mexico's position on the list?
6. How many things did the report want education leaders to remember?
7. What are good teachers essential to?
8. How should teachers not be treated as?
9. What must a country's culture have a strong focus on?
10. What did the report say about many job titles today?

1. Why do you think Finland's education system is so good?
2. What do you think of the education system in your country?
3. What were (are) you happy and unhappy with about your education?
4. How can schools provide a better education to students?
5. How were (are) your exam grades and attendance?
6. How different do you think education is in Finland from Asian countries?
7. Are you proud of your school? Why?
8. How important is education?
9. Do you think spending lots of money on teachers and schools means the education is
better?
10. What were (are) you happy and unhappy with about your education?
11. What do you think of your teachers?
12. What three things can teachers do better?
13. Should teachers get paid the same as lawyers, doctors and bankers?
14. What is easy and difficult about a teacher's job?
15. How important is using technology in lessons?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 45 China opens world’s longest high‐speed railway

The longest railway line in the world opened on Wednesday. The line joins China's
capital Beijing with the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou. The line is 2,298
kilometers long and stretches across half of China. The first train left Beijing station at 9
a.m. and arrived in Guangzhou eight hours later. The super‐fast train travels at an
average speed of 300 kph and cuts the journey time from 20 hours to just eight. It
stops at 35 different cities along its route. A total of 310 trains will run between the
two cities each day. A one‐way ticket for the journey costs US$138. China's government
hopes the train will help the country's economy as business people can now travel
across the country a lot quicker.

Chinese media say the bullet train service started on 26 December to commemorate
the birth of former Chinese leader Mao Zedong. The train is also a sign of China's plan
to become the world's leader in high‐speed rail travel. It already has 8,600 km of high‐
speed railway track, which is more than any other country in the world. It plans to
extend this to 16,000 km by 2015 and 50,000 km by 2020. China Ministry of Railways
spokesman Zhou Li told reporters: "The opening of the Beijing‐Guangzhou high‐speed
line shows China's high‐speed railway network has started to take shape." A passenger
who travelled on the first train explained how proud she was of the train, saying: "It's
amazing China has developed so quickly".


Free Talk Senior

1. Which two cities does the new high‐speed line join?
2. How long is the railway line?
3. How long does the journey take?
4. How much faster is the high‐speed journey?
5. Who does the government hope the train will help?
6. Which ex‐leader's birthday does the railway's opening celebrate?
7. How much high‐speed railway track does China currently have?
8. How much track does China plan to have in 2020?
9. What did Zhou Li say about China's high‐speed railway network?
10. What feeling did a passenger have for the train?

1. Do you like travelling by train?
2. Would you like to go on China's new high‐speed train?
3. What are the trains like in your country?
4. Is train the best way to travel?
5. Why don't more countries build high‐speed trains?
6. What would you do on a train for eight hours?
7. Which country do you think has the best railway network?
8. Would you worry about being on a train travelling at 300 kph?
9. Why are high‐speed trains called "bullet" trains?
10. Do you think China will become world leader in high‐speed rail travel?
11. What do you think of China's plans?
12. What would it be like to be a train driver?
13. Have you met any strange people on a train?
14. How could trains be made better?
15. What will trains of the future be like?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 46 Japan judo coach bullied female stars

A top Japanese judo coach has said he used violence against some of Japan's top judo
athletes. The All Japan Judo Federation (AJJF) said it gave head coach Ryuji Sonoda, 39,
an official warning for his actions. It also told Mr. Sonoda he would not lose his job but
that he must change his coaching style. The AJJF boss Koshi Oozawa told reporters:
"We received information that Mr. Sonoda, the head coach of the female national team,
might have been physically bullying athletes." Sonoda told the Kyodo News Agency:
"Until now I have been doing things the way I saw fit, but I will mend the things that
need fixing." Japan's Sports Minister Hakubun Shimomura said the coach's actions
were unforgivable.

The issue came up after 15 of Japan's top female judo stars wrote a letter of complaint
to the Japanese Olympic Committee (JOC) in December. They described Mr. Sonoda's
bullying tactics. These included slapping the women across the face, kicking and
shoving them, and hitting them with wooden swords. He also warned them that he
would remove them from his team if they did not do what he wanted. Many of the
athletes were on the Japan team at the London Olympics in 2012. The JOC said it was
vital to make sure the women could train without being afraid of their coach. A senior
JOC official said: "We need to get a proper grip on the situation and train the trainers
thoroughly".


Free Talk Senior

1. What did a top Japanese judo coach use against athletes?
2. What did the AJJF do to Mr. Sonoda?
3. What must Mr. Sonoda do to keep his job?
4. What will Mr. Sonoda mend?
5. Who said the coach's actions were unforgivable?
6. How many athletes wrote a letter?
7. What kind of letter was it?
8. What did Mr. Sonoda hit the women with?
9. Where did many of the athletes go in 2012?
10. Who does the JOC want to train thoroughly?

1. What do you think of the coach bullying his athletes?
2. Do you think the coach should lose his job?
3. What do you know about judo?
4. Do you think the women should call the police?
5. What do you think the coach needs to fix?
6. Do you think judo coaches need to be tough?
7. What do you think of Hakubun Shimomura's comment?
8. Have you ever written a letter of complaint?
9. Have you ever been bullied?
10. How can we stop bullies hurting other people?
11. What do you think the judo stars want to do to the coach?
12. Do you think the coach's actions affected the team at the Olympics?
13. What is your favorite martial art?
14. Why do people do judo?
15. What questions would you like to ask Mr. Sonoda?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 47 Girls and women worst hit by recession

It is hardly surprising news, but a new report shows that girls and women are those hit
hardest by the global recession. The study is from the organizations Plan International,
which is working to reduce child poverty, and the Overseas Development Institute ‐ the
UK's leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian
issues. They state that: "The world is failing girls and women." The report's author
Nigel Chapman said: "Girls are the largest marginalized group in the world." Mr.
Chapman added: "Much of the problem lies with 'entrenched gender inequality'."
Chapman found that a worsening economy results in females of all ages having to work
harder and suffering more domestic abuse.

Mr. Chapman's report highlights a tragic increase in mortality rates for female infants.
He told the BBC: "The proportion of baby girls who died when the economy shrank
rose five times faster than the proportion of baby boys who died….Hence, a 1% fall in
economic output increases infant mortality by 7.4 deaths per 1,000 girls against 1.5 for
boys." He paints an equally bleak picture for girls not being able to complete their
education. He reports that the global recession saw a fall in primary school completion
for girls of 29% compared to 22% for boys. "Girls get sucked into domestic chores," he
said. "Once they stop going to school it's very hard to get back into the rhythm of
things."


Free Talk Senior

1. What is hardly surprising?
2. What are the names of the organizations behind the report?
3. What kind of issues does the Overseas Development Institute deal with?
4. What, according to the report, is the world doing to girls?
5. What do women suffer more because of a recession?
6. What is there a tragic increase in?
7. What is the ratio of baby girls to boys dying during economic decline?
8. What kind of picture is painted by Nigel Chapman?
9. What does the figure of 29% refer to?
10. What is it hard for girls to do if they stop going to school?

1. What do you think about what you read?
2. How surprised are you about this news?
3. In what ways are women and girls hit by recession?
4. Have you been hit by the recession?
5. Why do women and girls suffer more than men and boys?
6. Do women have and get equal opportunities in your country?
7. Is it better to be a man or a woman in this world?
8. How can we change the world to be better for women and girls?
9. What does it say about the world when more baby girls die than baby boys?
10. Why do you think countries allow this to happen?
11. What countries do you know of that need to work harder on equality?
12. Do you think women should be allowed to do anything a man does?
13. There are very few women in positions of power in the European Union. Why?
14. How much is a country held back economically if it does not provide girls with an
education?
15. Should there be sanctions on countries that treat girls so badly?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 48 U.S. gun association silent on Newtown massacre

America's National Rifle Association (NRA) is still staying silent on the mass shooting at
an elementary school in Connecticut, USA in which 27 people died, including 20
children aged six and seven. Two days after the massacre, the USA's powerful pro‐gun
organization has yet to make any kind of statement on the tragedy that has shaken
America. The mass murder of 20 innocent children by a gunman seems to have
stunned the NRA into silence. The "Huffington Post" writes about the NRA's
disappearance from social media sites since the tragedy, saying: "The NRA has
disappeared from both Twitter and Facebook since the events that occurred on Friday."

The NRA announced on Facebook the day before the killings that it had accumulated
1.7 million fans. The organization's Facebook page has now completely vanished.
Clicking on the link in a Google search sends you to your own timeline. Many
Americans are now questioning more than ever whether owning a gun should be a
right. Stories of multiple shootings are a regular part of American news, to the extent
that many no longer get a headline. In other countries, such tragedies prompt national
soul searching. President Obama has promised to take "meaningful action" on gun
control, although he has yet to expand on what that means. Americans now expect a
battle on the future of gun ownership and the right to bear arms.


Free Talk Senior

1. What does the abbreviation NRA stand for?
2. How many people died in the tragedy?
3. What has the NRA not done since the tragedy?
4. What has the shooting stunned the NRA into?
5. What has the NRA disappeared from since the tragedy?
6. How many Facebook fans did the NRA reach on Friday?
7. What happens if you click on a Google search of the NRA's Facebook page?
8. What do gun shootings prompt in other countries?
9. What has President Obama promised?
10. What are Americans expecting a battle on the future of?

1. Why do you think the NRA is staying silent?
2. What do you think of gun laws in your country?
3. Should guns laws be made tougher?
4. What are the arguments put forward by those for owning guns?
5. Do you think what happened in Newtown will lead to greater gun control in the
USA?
6. Many people in America still believe it is a right to own a gun, even after the
Newtown massacre. Why do they believe this?
7. Would you feel safer if you had a gun?
8. What do you think of the phrase, "guns don't kill people; people kill people"?
9. Why do Americans have such a strong liking for guns?
10. What are the arguments put forward by those against gun ownership?
11. Does gun ownership help keep a society safer?
12. What do you think of the regularity of mass shootings in the USA?
13. What "meaningful action" can President Obama take?
14. Do you think the issue of gun control will now dominate U.S. politics?
15. What do you think the NRA will eventually say about Newtown?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 49 India’s national anthem world record bid

India and Pakistan are rivals in many things. Perhaps their biggest rivalry is over the
game of cricket. Over 300 million Indians and Pakistanis can watch an important game
between the two countries on television. They now have a new source of competition
– to break the world record for the most people to sing a national anthem together.
India was the world record holder earlier in 2012, when 15,243 people gathered in
Maharashtra state to sing India's anthem, 'Jan Gan Man'. Pakistan took the record in
October after 44,200 people sang the Pakistani anthem, Qaumī Tarana in Lahore. India
tried to reclaim the record on Sunday with up to 125,000 singers at Kanpur's Green
Park stadium.

The new world record is still not official. The team from the Guinness World Records
needs to study the event before it awards India the title of world record holder. One of
the organizers, Sumit Makhija, said so many people came to sing that he was worried
about safety. He told the BBC News agency: "We'd set a target of 100,000 people to
break Pakistan's world record. However, when over 125,000 people gathered, we were
forced to end the programme early…to avoid a stampede." Rajesh Chandra, one of the
singers at the event, also spoke to the BBC to explain his pride at being a record breaker.
He said: "It was a proud moment for me to participate, beat Pakistan, and set a world
record".


Free Talk Senior

1. What is the biggest source of rivalry between Pakistan and India?
2. How many people can watch a cricket game between India and Pakistan on TV?
3. What is the new source of rivalry?
4. When did Pakistan take the record from India?
5. How many singers were in the Green Park stadium?
6. What does Guinness World Records need to do?
7. What was an organizer worried about?
8. What target did the organizers set?
9. Why did the event finish early?
10. What was a singer proud of?

1. What do you think of the tune to your national anthem?
2. What is the point of a national anthem?
3. Are there any national anthems you don't like hearing? Why?
4. What do you think of the national anthem rivalry in this story?
5. Would you like to participate in an event like this?
6. Do you think this rivalry will be good for India and Pakistan?
7. What rivalries does your country have with its neighbors?
8. Which world record would you like to break?
9. Do you know and like the words to your national anthem?
10. Do you like the Guinness World Records?
11. Are some world records stupid?
12. Should all school children sing their national anthem?
13. How do you feel when you hear your national anthem at the Olympics?
14. What things make you proud of your country?
15. How do countries decide their national anthems?


Free Talk Senior

Lesson 50 South America soccer title won after riot

One of Brazil's most famous football clubs has won South America's top club
tournament. The Brazilian club Sao Paolo won the final of the Copa Sudamericana.
However, there are big questions about how they got their victory. They were declared
winners after the other team, Tigre from Argentina, refused to come onto the pitch for
the second half of the game. The players and coaches from the Argentine club said they
feared for their lives. Tigre officials said security guards at Sao Paolo's Morumbi
stadium beat them and pulled guns on them as they went to the dressing room after
the first half. The whole football world is now concerned about safety and security at
the FIFA World Cup in 2014.

Sao Paolo were winning the game two‐nil before the referee called the game off. Sao
Paulo president Juvenal Juvencio told the club's website that Tigre were afraid of losing
badly so they started causing trouble in the half‐time break. He said: "They were going
to lose by a big score. Our biggest victory is the fact that the Argentines ran away." Sao
Paulo goalkeeper Rogerio Ceni said of Tigre: "They came here to fight, not to play."
Tigre's players totally disagreed. They said about 20 police and security staff waited for
them and attacked them. Argentina's newspapers were full of photographs of a
dressing room covered in blood. Tigre coach Nestor Gorosito told Argentine television:
"It was crazy."


Free Talk Senior

1. Who won the final of the Copa Sudamericana?
2. When did the Tigre players refuse to come onto the pitch?
3. What were the Tigre players afraid of losing?
4. What did Tigre players say security guards pulled on them?
5. What is the football world concerned about?
6. What was the score at half time?
7. What did the winning team's president say Tigre were afraid of?
8. What did the winning team's goalkeeper say about Tigre?
9. How many police did Tigre say attacked them?
10. What did photos show in Argentina's newspapers?

1. Which word is better – 'soccer' or 'football'?
2. What do you think about what you read?
3. What should happen to this year's Copa Sudamericana title?
4. Should there be an investigation into what happened?
5. Should Sao Paolo have got the victory after what happened?
6. Should this game be played again?
7. Who do you think is telling the truth?
8. Do you think Brazil should still hold the 2014 World Cup Finals?
9. What does this story do for the image of football?
10. Will games between Brazil and Argentina change because of this incident?
11. What do you think of Mr. Juvencio saying Tigre caused trouble because they were
afraid of losing?
12. What do you think of Mr. Juvencio saying the biggest victory was Tigre running
away?
13. What three adjectives best describe this story?
14. Is it possible the Tigre players came to fight and make trouble?
15. Should Sao Paolo's police and security guards be investigated?


Free Talk Senior


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※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.

※ 이 문서의 저작권은 (주)에듀메이트에 있으므로 무단 복제나 배포를 금지합니다.