OD;0drvonf o&ufNrdKUe,f?

tvwf
v,f&Gm? OD;omMuL;+ a':rJwlwdkY\ 1/ OD;ausmf
at; 2/ OD;pHatmif 3/ OD;pHavSmif 4/OD;xGe;f vSKd if
5/ OD;ausmrf if; 6/ a':at; pde-f [k om;orD; 6-
a,mufxGef;um;onfwdkYwGif 5-a,mufajrmuf
twdZmwom;&wem jzpfonf/
2 3
OD ; ausmfr if ; onf ynmoif M um;&ef
t&G,fa&mufvmaomtcg &GmOD;ausmif; q&m
awmf OD;eE´rmvmxHüvnf;aumif;? 'kw, d q&m
awmf OD;ol&d,txHüvnf;aumif;? wwd,
q&mawmf OD;ÓP0HotxHü vnf;aumif;?
tajccHynmrsm; oifMum;cGifh &&SdcJhonf/
ynmoifMum;í ynmtajccHtm;&Sv d Qif
tvwfv,f&mG rS OD;wkwfzm;+a':vSO;D -rdom;pk
wdukY ypönf;av;yg; 'g,umjyKí &SifjyKay;cJhMu
onf/&[ef;oufaphaomtcg OD; wkwfzm;+
a':vSO;D rdom;pkwu Ykd yif ypön;f av;yg; 'g,um
jyKí &[ef;jyKay;cJhMuonf/
&[ef;tjzpfa&mufNyD;aomtcg rdrdwdkY
q&m tvwfv,f&Gm 'kwd,q&mawmf OD;ol&d
,? bkef;awmfBuD; OD;oDv? (omoemvuFm&
o'¨r®mbd0Hou0d"Z r[mo'¨r®&mZm"d&mZ*½k
b'´E Åo moe ausmif; awmf&m q&mawmf?
pHausmif; q&mawmfwdkYESifhtwl {&m0wDwkdif;?
anmif;wke;f NrKd Uü a&T[oFmawm&y&d,wåpd moif
wduk f wnfaxmifí pmayydcYk saeonfh q&mawmf
OD;ol&d,xHodkY vdkufygí a&T[oFmawm&y&d
,wådpmoifwdkuf q&mrsm;xHü pmayoifMum;
wwfajrmufcJhonf/
1276-ck E S p f q&mawmf OD ; ol & d ,
(aeu©r®-tusifh)awmxGufaomtcgwGifvnf;
a&T[oFmawm&üyif qufvufí ynmoif
Mum;aecJhonf/
4 5
ynmoifMum;í tm;&auseyfaomtcg
&efuek fNrdKU? Munfjh rifwkid f blwmteD;&Sd okómef
a[mif; ae&mrS okómefZ&yftdkBuD; wpfckudk
toHk; jyK wufa &mufaexdki fu m ]]Z&yfB uD;
ausmif;}}[laom trnfjzifh oDwif;oHk;NyD; quf
pyf&m oHCmrsm;tm; pmayydckY sum pmoifwu kd f
wnfaxmifí oDwif;oHk; aexdkifcho J nf/
Z&yfBu;D ausmif;ü OD;aqmifomoemjyKae
pOfrmS yif 1286-ckEpS w f iG f rdrZd mwd&mG rS i,fq&m
jzpf o nf h tvwf v ,f a usmif ; q&mawmf
OD;ÓP0Ho ta&;ay:jyefac:í Z&yfBu;D ausmif;
udk rdrEd iS t
fh wl oDwif;oH;k aeaom ewfarmufNrKd U
rS OD;cEÅoD m&tm; ausmif;udk tNy;D tjywf vTt J yf
um q&morm;xH jyefvmcJh&onf/
q&morm;xH a&mufaomtcg q&m
orm;u 'g,umrsm;ESin fh Ed§ idI ;f wdik yf ifí ausmif;
udk rdrdtm; vTJtyfNyD; zdk;awmfawmifü awm&
aqmufwnfNyD; bk&m;wnfojzifh &efukefodkY
rjyefEikd af wmhay/ aus;&Gm omoema&;udprö sm;udk
qufvufaqmif&Gucf Jh&ayonf/
1287-ckESp fwGif awm&aqmufwnf
aeaom q&m orm;ESit hf wl zd;k awmfawmifay:
ü ]]a&Tbkef;yGifh apwDawmf}}trnfjzifh apwD
wpfql wnfxm;ylaZmfNyD;aomtcg taMumif;
trsKd ;rsKd ;aMumifh qufvufí raevdak wmhojzifh
q&morm;tm; ryefMum;bJ ta0;rS OD;csum
q&morm;rodatmif wdwfwqdwf xGufcGg
vmcJah yonf/
jynfNrKd U? ]]a&Tarmif;wH;k awm&}} q&mawmf
6 7

txHü cGiyhf efí em;cdak ecJah vonf/ a&Tarmif;wH;k vufcNH y;D odyrf Mumcif 1290-ckEpS w
f iG f pdwu
å ek ;f
ü em;cdak epOf ausmif;wdu k t f wGi;f &Sd &[ef;oHCm odkY a&TUajymif;um pdwåukef;pmoifwdkuf trnf
rsm;tm; pmayulnD ydckY srI jyKvkyf&m bmom&yf jzifh pmayydkYcsum omoemjyKawmfrlcJhayonf/
wdik ;f üyif uRr;f usiEf ikd ef if;rI&o
dS nfukd awGjY rif od&dS
Mu&aomtcg tm;vH;k u oabmus 0rf;ajrmuf
Muojzifh ausmif;wdkufudk OD;aqmiftkyfcsKyf&ef OD;0drv-pdwu å ek ;f ausmif;odYk a&TUajymif;í
tBudrfBudrftcgcg tyfESHcJhayonf/ OD;0drvu pmayydkYcsum pmoifwdkufwnfaxmifaerSef;
vHk;0 vufrcHbJ ay;tyfwdkif;yif jiif;qefcJhay qufpyf&m yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;rS wqifh tqifq h ifMh um;od
onf/ vm&aomtcg pmayoifMum; wwfajrmufvdk
onfh &[ef;oHCmwdkY wajz;ajz; pka0;a&muf&Sd
vmMuonf/ xdkoHCmrsm;teuf OD;0drv\
a&Tarmif;wH;k udk tBurd fBurd ftcgcg tyfEHS a&S;OD;pmoifom; wynfhoHCmrsm;rSm-
í vufrcHaomtcg q&mawmfBu;D ydik q f ikd o
f nfh 1/ OD;ynmomrd
a&Tarmif; wH;k \ ausmif;cGwJ pfcjk zpfonfh pdwu å ek ;f tvwfv,f&Gm? o&ufNrdKUe,f
ausmif;udk xyfrHí tyfESHcJhayonf/ pdwåukef; 2/ OD;uvsmP
tyfESHrIudkum; OD;0drvu xyfrHrjiif;qefbJ tvwfv,f&Gm? o&ufNrdKUe,f
vufcHcJhayonf/ OD;0drvonf pdwåukef;udk 3/ OD;okar"m
8 9

pyg;tdk;^xD;½dk;&Gm? BuHcif;NrdKUe,f aom tcg wuGw J jym;pD jzpfaeMuaom pmayydcYk s

4/ OD;"r®pdPÖm Edik pf Gr;f onfh t&nftcsi;f jynf0h awmfrMl uNy;D jzpf
awmausmif;&Gm? o&ufNrdKUe,f onfh OD;u0d"Z? OD;ukrm&? OD;tm'dp0ö o H ? q&mwl
5/ OD;y@dw wynfh &[ef;nDtpfuakd wmfrsm;tm; pdwu å ek ;f odYk
&Gmopf&Gm? o&ufNrdKUe,f taMumif;Mum;yifhaqmifí pdwåukef;ausmif;ü
6/ OD;tmob jyefvnf pkpnf;cJhayonf/ pmayoifMum; ydckY srI
befYjyif&Gm? o&ufNrdKUe,f pkaygif;jyKvkyfcJhMuayonf/ pmoifom; oHCm
7/ OD;aZmwdu rsm;vnf; wajz;ajz; wdk;yGm;vmcJhayonf/
a&rsuf&Gm? o&ufNrdKUe,f xdk&yfuGuftwGif;ü aexdkifaom a':wkwf
8/ OD;edyu trnf&Sd rkqdk;r trsdK;orD;wpfOD;onfvnf;
wvkwfyifudkif;&Gm? rif;vSponfwdkY q&mawmfOD;0drvudk tvGefMunfndKav;pm;rI
jzpfMuonf/ &Sdayonf/
q&mawmf OD;0drvtwGuf aeYpOfrysuf
vzuf wpftyk Ef iS hf csO[ f if;wpft;kd ydv
Yk LS qufuyf
avh& S d a yonf / q&mawmfO D ; 0d rvuvnf ;
OD;0drv-onf pmoifwu
kd w
f nfaxmifí xdkvzufESifhxdkc sOf[if;udk tvGefoabmus
atmifjrif tqifajyrnfh tvm;tvm awGY&d&S ESpfNcdKufo nf[k od&SdrSwfo m;&ayonf/ xdkY
10 11

aMumifh OD;0drvonf a':wkwf\ vzufESifh q&m t,f'w D mtvkyfukd yl;wGJ vkyaf qmifcb hJ ;l
csOf[if;udk ESpof ufpJvG ef;&mrS a':wkwftay: ayonf/ a':wkwf\ wpfOD;wnf;aom om;
wGifvnf; ydkí oHa,mZOfBuD;vm&ayonf/ jzpfol udb k ausmo f nfvnf; &efuek -f jynf ta0;
tdraf xmifzuf tjzpfyif pdwx f rJ mS xifjrifreS ;f q ajy; armfawmf, mOfvdki f; \ vdki f;rSL ;wpfOD;
vmcJah yonf/ jzpfaMumif; tvwfv,fq&mawmf OD;ynm
1294-ckESpf? oufawmf 42-ESpfwGif &ef omrd \ ajymMum;csuft & od & S dr Sw fo m;&
ukefo dkY acwåoGm;OD; rnf[k taMumif;jyí ayonf/)
nDawmfrsm;jzpfonfh rdrdESifh wGJzufem,u^ q&mawmfO;D 0drvonf &efuek o f aYkd &muf
pmcs OD;u0d"Z? OD;ukrm&-ESihf OD;tm'dp0ö o H wdt Yk m; aomtcg vl o l a wmf b 0od k Y ul ; ajymif ; í
ausmif;pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;ponfh wm0eftm;vH;k udk a':wkwfESifh vufxyfcJhayonf/ a':wkwfESifh
vTJajymif;tyfESHum &efukefodkY xGufoGm;cJhay vufxyfNyD;aomtcg tcsdeu f mv tajctae
onf/ ausmif;tr? qGrf;tr a':wkwfonf udMk unfíh jynfNrKd U? pdwu
å ek ;f &yfuu
G ?f a':wkw\ f
vnf; olwpfyg;rodatmif q&mawmfOD;0drv rlvaetdrfüyif jyefvnftajccs aexdkifcJhay
aemufodkY vdkufygoGm;cJhavonf/ onf/
(OD;0drvonf Munfhjrifwdkif Z&yfBuD; a':wkwu f OD;0drv wjzpfvJ OD;ausmrf if;
ausmif;udk pwifwnfaxmif pmayydkYcspOfu tm; q&mBuD;[k ac:avh&Sdonf/ pD;yGm;a&;
wzufrpS mayydcYk s&if; '*Hrk *¾Zif;wGiv f nf; pmjyif vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufí ]]q&mBu;D at;at;
12
aq;aq;omaeyg/ vkypf &m&Sw d m uRerf yJ jyKvyk f
yghr,f}}[k q&mBuD;tay: em;vnfrIay;í
tdrfrIudpö? pD;yGm;a&;udpörsm;udk a':wkwfuyif
om; udkbausmfESifhtwl pDrHaqmif&Guf avh&Sd
onf/ q&mOD;ausmfrif; rdom;pk\ tdrfpm;0wf
aea&; tqifajyaprItwGuf w&yfxJom;
i,f aygif ; BuD ; azmf q&mwlw ynf h j zpf o nfh
omoemh'Dyg½Hk rlvausmif;'g,um qifolaX;
OD;pHrif; (xdpk Ofu o&ufNrKd Ue,f? ppfom;&GmolBu;D
OD;pHrif;)u vdktyfaom ulnDyHhydk;rIrsm; jyKay;cJh
ayonf/ pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;rsm;udk a':wkwfu
yif OD;pD;OD;aqmif aqmif&Gucf haJ yonf/
wpfOD;wnf;aomom; udkbausmfonf
jynfNrKd UESihf &efuek Nf rKd U c&D;o,fwif ajy;qGaJ eonfh
armfawmf,mOfvdkif; wpfck\ vdkif;BuD;Muyfa&;
rSL;tjzpf aqmif&Gufaeoljzpfonf/
q&mBuD;OD;ausmfrif;onf tdrfrIudpö
13
rsm;udk txdkuftavsmufom aqmuf&GufNyD;
pdwåukef;ausmif;wGifom taersm;avh&Sdonf/
pdwåukef;ausmif;wGif pmoifom; &[ef;omr
aPwdt Yk m; pmayulnyD ckYd s ay;jcif;tm;jzifv
h nf;
aumif;? ausmif;wdkufESifh &[ef; oHCmrsm;
twGuf taxGaxG vdktyfaom a0,sm0pö udpö
rsm;udk aqmif&u G jf cif;jzifv
h nf;aumif;? ausmif;ü
om taersm;avh&daS yonf/ taxGaxG vdt k yf
csufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;í rsufajcrjywf BuD;Muyf
apmifha&SmufrI jyKay;avh &Sdayonf/
1295-ckESpw f iG f orD;&wem rwifO-udk
zGm;jrif &&SdcJh ayonf/q&mBuD;OD;ausmfrif;ESifh
a':wkwfwdkYrSm a':wkwfrS ygonfh udkbausmf
om;wpfa,mufEiS hf q&mBu;D OD;ausmrf if;ESihf &&Sd
onfh rwifO tm;vH;k om; orD;ESpaf ,muf xGe;f
um;cJah yonf/ tm;vH;k rdom;pk av;a,mufjzpf
Ny;D q&mBu;D OD;ausmfrif;ESihf a':wkwf rdom;pkwYkd
14 15

onf aea&;xdkifa&;ç pD;yGm;a&; tppt&m&m

tqifajyMuayonf/
OD;0drv vlolawmfb0 ul;ajymif;oGm;
aomfvnf; pmoifom; oHCmrsm;rSm avsmhus
roGm;ay/ wajz;ajz; wdk;wufrsm;jym; vmqJ
omjzpfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh qGrf;ç uGrf;udpö
1/ q&mawmfOD;u0d"Z tcuftcJ &Sv d m&ayonf/ q&mBu;D OD;ausmrf if;
2/ q&mawmfOD;ukrm&ESifh OD;0drvtaejzifh oHCmawmfrsm; qGr;f cHa&;udpö
3/ q&mawmfOD;tm'dpö0HowdkY oHk;yg; tqifajyap&ef NrdKUESifheD;uyfonfh wae&m&m
jzpfonf/ ausmif;opfxyfwnf&ef pOf;pm;pDpOf&ayonf/
q&mBuD;OD;ausmfrif;uvnf; ausmif;a0 xdu k pd u
ö kd pmcsq&mawmfok;H yg;ESihf vnf;aumif;
,sm0pö aqmif&u
G &f if;ulnyD cYkd s oifMum;ay;avh q&m&if;ç 'um&if;jzpfonfh OD;pHrif;ESifh vnf;
&Sdonf/ aumif;? today;aqG;aEG;wdik yf if&ayonf/ tm;
vH;k uvnf; OD;0drv (OD;ausmrf if;)\ tBujH yKwikd f
yifrIudk ESpfoufoabmus Muayonf/
16
ausmif;'g,um q&m'um&if; OD;pHrif;
ESihf OD;0drv (c)OD;ausmrf if;wdEYk pS Of ;D n§Ed idI ;f wdik yf ifí
avhvm &SmazGMu&m ,ck omoe'Dyg½Hkausmif;
wduk f ajrae&mudk awGjY rif oabmus tqifajycJh
Muayonf/ NrdKUtpGef tpyf ae&mjzpfí pmoif
wdu k ftwGuf vHak vmufaom ajrae&m&&Sd&ef -
1/ OD;0drv (OD;ausmfrif;) tvwfv,f&Gm
2/ OD;pHrif;+a':oufcikd f ppfom;&GmolBuD;^
xD;½dk;&GmZmwd
3/ OD;ausmcf dki+f a':r,fxed f xD;½d;k &Gm
4/ OD;ausmfat;= tvwfv,f&Gm
5/ OD;pHatmif= tvwfv,f&Gm
6/ OD;pHavSmif= tvwfv,f&Gm
7/ OD;pHat;= tvwfv,f&Gm
8/ OD;pvG,f=tvwfv,f&Gm
9/ OD;jym;= ZD;awm&GmwdYk pkaygif;n§Ed idI ;f í ae&m
17
opf a usmif ; opf &&Sdw nfa xmif&eftwGuf
n§dEdIif;wdkifyif pkaygif;aqmif&GufMu&ayonf/
ae&moabmusonfh tcsdefrSpí ajrae&m
wpfuGufcsif;pDudk tBudrfBudrf tvDvD pkaygif;
0,f , l c J h M uayonf / ausmif ; opf w nf & ef
aqmuf&Guf aeqJrSmyif ompnfq&mawmf
ysaH wmfríl acgif;aqmifpmcs OD;u0d"Z wm0ef&dS
vmí 1296-ckE Sp fwGi f ompnfa usmif ; udk
a&TUajymif; ausmif;xdik fc&hJ ayonf/ pmoifwu kd f
udk OD;0drv-\ pDru H yG u
f rJ jYI zifh OD;ukrm&? OD;tm'dpö
0Ho nDaemifESpfyg;wdkYu qufvufxdef;odrf;
tkyfcsKyfawmfrlMuonf/
ausmif;opfwnf&ef ajrae&m tvHk
tavmuf &&Sd aomtcg txufyg ajrtvSL&Sif
18
wdkYuyif pmoif om; oHCmrsm; oDwif;oHk;&ef
opf0g;wdkYjzifh ausmif; 7-aqmif aqmufvkyf
vSL'gef;cJhMuonf/ xdkyk*¾dKvfrsm;rSm OD;0drv\
aqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;ESifh i,faygif;BuD;azmfrsm;
jzpfMuonf/
oHCmawmfrsm; oDwif;oHk;&ef ausmif;
7-ausmif;wnfaqmuf NyD;ajrmufaom tcg
pdwåukef;ausmif;rS omoe'Dy g½Hkausmif;odkY
aumZmouú&mZf 1300-jynfhEpS w f iG f a&TUajymif;
oDwif;oHk;Muonf/
OD;aqmifem,uq&mawmfrsm;rSm q&m
awmf OD;ukrm&ESifh q&mawmf OD;tm'dpö0Ho
nDaemifESpfyg;wdkY jzpfonf/ q&mOD;ausmrf if;u
vnf; taxGaxG vdktyfonfrsm;udk tNrJrjywf
19
BuD;MuyfyhyH ;dk ayonf/
ausmif;wduk f a&TUajymif;wnfaxmifprSm
yif OD;pHrif;\ ae&yfXmae rusn;f ½Hçk oHy&mudik ;f ç
ppfom;=oHk;&GmwGif ausmif;aqmufç ausmif;
wnfç ausmif;xdkif omoemjyK&ef oHCm wpfyg;
vdktyfvmojzifh olBuD; OD;pHrif;ESifh trsm;qE´
t& pmcsbke;f Bu;D OD;tm'dpö0o H tm; trsm;qE´
twdkif; xnfhay;vdkuf&jyefonf/ q&mawmf
OD;ukrm&u wpfyg;wnf;yif tkyfcsKyfxdef;odrf;
awmfro l nf/ wynfhrsm;xJrS oifhavsm&f myk*dK¾ vf
rsm;udk pmcsbkef;BuD;cefYtyfí pDrHaqmif&Guf
awmfrlavh&Sdonf/ pmoifom;oHCmrsm; avsmh
enf;oGm;jcif; r&Scd Jhay/
OD;0drv q&mBuD;OD;ausmfrif;uvnf;
20
taxGaxG vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tNrJrjywf apmifh
MuyfyyhH ;kd rI jyKay;cJah yonf/ aemufwufvmrnfh
wdkuftkyfbkef;BuD; oDwif;oHk;&ef wlwlwefwef
ESpfxyfwdkufausmif;udkvnf; OD;pHrif; urux
jyKí wnfaqmufcJh&m wnfaqmufaeqJrSmyif
ausmif;'g,um OD;pHrif; c&D;oGm;&mü vrf;c&D;
wGif tedpaö &mufí ausmif;wnfaqmufjcif;udpö
&yfpo J mG ;cJ&h onf/ useyf k*K¾d vfrsm;u 0,fxm;Ny;D
ausmif;ajrrsm;udk zJha&mif;NyD; qufvufwnf
aqmufcJh&onf/
wynfah [mif; ausmif;xdik fbke;f Bu;D rsm;rS
25- usyEf eI ;f pkaqmif;í oHCmrsm;oDwif;oH;k &ef
"r®m½Hk wdkufausmif;wpfausmif; aqmufvkyf
vSL'gef;Muonf/ 4if;"r®m½Hkausmif;rSm Adrmef
ausmif; acgif;&if; vuf&dS wdu k af usmif;jzpfonf/
(OD;0drv? OD;u0d"Z? OD;ukrm&? OD;tm'dp0ö o H ) rlv
q&mawmfav;yg;wdkYonf omoe'Dyg½Hkpmoif
21
wduk f wnfaxmifonfhtcg ausmif;tm&mrfajr
ESihf omoedu taqmufttHrk sm;udk vSL'gef;í
vufco H nft
h cg ]]tm&mrduoHCu d }} tjzpfom
vufcHMu&ef oabmwlnD qHk;jzwfcMJh uonf[k
o&ufNrdKU? atmifr*Fvmq&mawmf OD;uvsmP
rS þpma&;oltm; udk,fwdkif0efcH ajymMum;cJh
ayonf/
tm&mrfajrESiht
f aqmufttHk vSL'gef;cJh
Muolrsm;uvnf; vSL'gef;½Hkom vSL'gef;MuNyD;?
yk*v ¾ duç oHCduponf wpHw k &mowfrw S fcMhJ u
jcif; r&Sday/ rlv q&mawmfav;yg;wdYk tay:ü
om &nfrSe;f vSL'gef;avh&dS Muonf/ ]]tm&mrdu
oHCu d }}[lonfrmS rlvq&m awmfav;yg;wdY\ k
jzpfapvdk onfhowfrSwf&nfrSef;csufom jzpf
onf/ tem*gwf tpOftquf oDwif;oH;k omo
emjyKawmfrlMurnfh q&mawmf oHCmawmfrsm;
aqmif&Gufp&m taMumif;udpö&Sdvmygu vGwf
22
vyfv, G fulpmG tqifajyovdk aqmif&GufEikd Mf u
ap&ef rlv q&mawmfav;yg; oabmwl owf
rSwfcJh Mujcif;jzpfonf/
xkt
d aMumif;udk rlvq&mawmfBuD; av;
yg;wdkY\ &[ef;nDtpfudkvnf;jzpf? taEÅ0godu
wynfh&if;vnf;jzpf? od'd̈0d[m&du wynfh&if;
vnf;jzpfonfh OD;uvsmP(atmifr*Fvmq&m
awmf)rS oufawmf 87- ESpt f &G,w
f iG f wynf&h if;
wyg;jzpfonfh t&Sifynm0&tm; tvwfv,f
ausmif;wGif wqifhajymMum;cJah yonf/
ppf jzpfaeonfh tcsde fumvrsm;wGi f
NrdKUay:ü qufvuf&yfwnf&ef tqifrajyí
omoe'Dyg½Hkausmif;wdkufudk qufvufxdef;
23
odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef rif;vSNrdKUe,f? anmif0dkif;
&GmrS t&Sio f rk etm; oifah vsm&f m oHCmtcsKd UESihf
wGJzufí tajctaeaumif;onfhtxd ausmif;
apmifçh ausmif;xdik t
f jzpf wm0efay; tyfEx HS m;&
ayonf/ OD;ausmfrif;(OD;0drv)ESihf rdom;pkwu kYd
rdrZd mwd o&ufNrKd Ue,f? tvwfv,f&mG odYk jyefí
OD;ausmrf if;? a':wkw?f orD;rwifO rdom;pk oH;k OD;
tvwfv,f&Gmü ppfab; cdkvIHcJhMu&ayonf/
&Gmol^&Gmom;wdkYu vdt k yfaom ulnrD I
rsm; jyKay;cJhMuonf/ q&mawmfOD;ukrm&onf
rif;vSNrKd Ue,f? wvkw&f if;aus;&GmodYk pmoifom;
wynfhoHCm wcsdKUESifhtwl pmoifpmcsjyKvkyf
aexdki fc Jha yonf/ wvkw f&if; aus;&Gm onf
oHCmrsm;twGuf a*gp&*grftiftm; ao;i,f
ojzifh 2-ESp fc efYaeNyD; aomtcg a*gp&*grf
tiftm; omvGefaumif;rGefonfh o&ufNrdKUe,f?
tvwfv,faus;&GmodYk a&TUajymif;í oDwif;oH;k
24
aexdkif pmayydkYcsrI jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ xdk&GmwGif
aexdik v f Qu&f aSd om OD;0drv (OD;ausmrf if;)u vdk
tyfaom pDraH qmif &Gurf rI sm; jyKvyk af y;cJoh nf/
,ckvIdifr[mpnf q&mawmfBuD; b'´EÅpE´m0&
r[max&f j rwf o nf xd kp Of u pmoifo m;
omraPi,fb0jzifh yg&SdcJhonf/ rEÅav;NrdKU?
xD;vif;wdkuf? yÍö½lyq&mawmf OD;om"deESifh
omoe'Dyg½Hk 'kwd,q&mawmf OD;okE&´ wdo kY nf
xdpk Ofu &[ef;i,fb0ESihf yg&Scd MhJ uonf/ pmoif
om; &[ef;oHCmrSm 20-ausmfcefYrQ &Sdonf[k
od&rdS Swfom;&ay onf/ q&mawmfOD;ukrm&ESihf
q&mOD;ausmrf if; (OD;0drv)yg pmayydcYk sMuonf/
q&mBuD; OD;ausmfrif;\ ZeD;a':wkwEf iS hf
orD; rwifOwdkYonf tvwfv,f&mG üyif uG,f
vGefcJhMuonf/ a>ryl&muif;aESmifh qdkwmvdk
tvwfv,f&mG teD;&Sd tkEBJé u;D aus;&mrS 'g,um
wpfO;D onfvnf; oHCmawmfrsm; oDwif;oHk;&m
25
ausmif;odYk a&mufvmNy;D ausmif;wGif tdypf ufem;
aecdu k f xdyk *k Kd¾ vt
f m; tarG ray;vdo
k nfh udpEö iS hf
ywfoufí ol\ tarGqdkif wpfOD;wpfa,muf
u wdwfwqdwf ausmif;odkYvmí owfjzwfo
jzifh ausmif;üvlowfrI vlaorI jzpfcJh&onf/
tvwfv,f&GmwGif aea&;ç xdkifa&;ç
qGrf;a&;ç uGrf;a&; tqifajyaomfvnf; pdwf
taESmihft,Sufjzpf p&mawG BuHKawGYa e&í
q&mawmfOD;ukrm&taejzifh q&mBuD; OD;ausmf
rif;ESifh n§dEIdif;wdkifyifum ur®NrdKUe,f? ra';
tv,facsmif;aus;&GmodkY pmoifoHCmrsm;ESifh
twl a&TUajymif; oDwif;oH;k cJ&h ayonf/ OD;0drv
q&m OD;ausmfrif;onfum; ur®odkY rvdkufyg
awmhbJ tvwfv,f&Gmüyif use&f pfcahJ yonf/
q&mawmfOD;ukrm& wpfyg;wnf;yif pmoif
oHCmrsm;udk qufvuftky fcsKyfawmfr lcJhay
onf/ ur®NrdK Ue,fü yif ppfNyD; qHk;onfhtxd
26
omoemjyK oDwif;oHk;aexdkicf o hJ nf[k od&rdS w
S f
om;&ayonf/ tvwfv,fq&mawmf OD;ynm
omrd\ nDt&if;jzpfol OD;ÓPdE´(tvwfv,f)
onf vnf; ur®NrdK Ue,füyif ppf a b;a&Smif
pmayoif&if; qD;a&m*gjzifh ysHvGefawmfrlcJh&
onf[k od&SdrSwfom;&ayonf/ ppfNyD;qHk;í
tajctaeaumif ; vmaomtcg jynf N rd K U?
omoe'Dyg½Hkausmif;odYk jyefajymif;Ny;D q&mawmf
OD;ukrm& wpfyg;wnf;yif qufvufí OD;pD;
OD;aqmifjyK pmayydcYk s pDrt
H yk cf sKyaf wmfrcl ahJ yonf/
ppftwGi;f umvrsm;ü q&mawmf OD;u0d
"Zonfvnf; rdrdaexkdif&m ompnfausmif;ü
oDwif;roH;k yJ? o&ufNrKd U? tjyifbm0emausmif;ü
vnf;aumif;? twGi;f bm0em (pdwo å ck )ausmif;
üvnf;aumif;? a&TUajymif; oDwif;oHk;cJh&ay
onf/ rpdk;&drfyxrq&mawmf OD;£E´mpm&rS
27
tvwfv,fq&mawmf OD;ynmomrdEiS hf wdik fyif
í vdktyfaom ulnDyhyH ;dk rIrsm; jyKay;cJhayonf/
q&mawmfOD;u0d"Zonf pdwåo kc ausmif;ü
oDwif;oHk;&m t&yfav;rsufESmrS vma&muf
ynmqnf; yl; Muonfh &[ef; oHCmrsm;tm;
pmayydcYk sjcif;jzifv
h nf;aumif;? nae 4;00 em&DrS
5;00 em&D? a,m*Drsm;tm; tcsed yf ikd ;f w&m;a[m
w&m;jyjcif;jzifv h nf;aumif;? omoemjyKvyk if ef;
rsm; aqmif&GufawmfrlcJhonf/ xdkausmif;üyif
omoemjyKvyk if ef;rsm; aqmif&u G af e&if; atmif
r*Fvm q&mawmfBu;D OD;uvsmPESihf ajr;wynfh
t&if;jzpfonfh t&Sifynm0& (r[mo'¨r®aZm
wdu"Z) wdkY\ jyKpkrIudk cH,l&if; wpfb0Zmwf
odrf; Nidrf;awmfrlcJhonf/
28
q&mawmfO;D u0d"Zonf q&mwlwynfh
vnf;jzpf? &[ef;tpfuv kd nf;jzpf? rdr\
d r,fawmf
a':aMu;rIH\ tpfudkBuD; OD;wkwfzm;u &SifjyK^
&[ef;cHay;xm;onfh OD;0drv wjzpfvJ q&mBu;D
OD;ausmfrif;\ aea&;ç xdkifa&;ç tqifajyaprI
twGufvnf;aumif;? olwwfxm;aom ynm
rsm; tvum; rjzpfapa&;twGuf vnf;aumif;?
omoemtwGuf tusKd ;rsm;apa&; twGuv f nf;
aumif; ESrti,fqHk;jzpfol a':ÓPdumudk
ausmif;tm&mrfajr tvSL&Si fj yKapum rdr d
ausmif;ESifh reD;ra0;ae&mwGif 1315-ckESpfü
]]atmifr*Fvmy&d,wådpmoifwdkuf}}trnfjzifh
pmoifwdkufwnfaxmif ay;cJhonf/ wkwfudkif;
OD; auo&? wkwfu dkif; OD; uk@v? befYj yif
OD;Zm*&? awmausmif; OD;edy u? wkwfudkif;
29
OD;0g,r? aygufOD;um;q&mawmf OD;aCmodw?
o&ufjrihf OD;y@dp?ö wkwu
f ikd ;f OD;0dpm&? atmifvH
OD;awZwdkYonf rlv wynfhrsm;jzpfMuonf/
q&mOD;ausmrf if;onf o&ufNrKd U? atmif
r*Fv mpmoif w d k u f? wnf a xmifa omtcg
atmifr*Fvm ½lyod'o d̈ '´gusrf;udv k nf;aumif;?
atmifr*Fvm "mwkuxmqd½k ;dk tbd"r®mvuFm
rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? udk,fydkifrltjzpf wDxGif
a&;om;í ud, k yf ikd rf jl zifh pmayydcYk sawmfrlco Jh nf/
pmoifom; oHCmrsm;vnf; wajz;ajz;rsm;jym;
vmcJhonf/ o&ufNrdKUay:wGif pmoifwku d f 4?5?
7-wdkuf &Sdonfhteuf pmar;yGJ atmifcsuf
taumif;qH;k ç tatmifjrifq;kH pmoifwu kd t f jzpf
a&mufcJhonf/ ,ckEikd if HawmfoHCr[mem,u
tzGJU 'kwd,Ouú|? EdkifiHawmfMo0g'gp&d,? t*¾
30
r[my@dw? tbd"Zt*¾r[m&|*k½?k t*¾r[m
o'¨r®aZmwdu"Z? t*¾r[mur®|memp&d,?
o&uf-atmifr *Fv mq&mawmf OD;auo&
onf q&mOD;ausmfrif;\ atmifr*Fvmpmoif
wdkuf\ yGJOD;xGuf wynfhrsm;wGif wpfyg;tyg
t0if jzpfonf/
q&mOD ; ausmf r if ; onf pmoif o m;
&[ef;oHCmrsm;tm; use;f rma&;aumif;aeorQ
umvywfv;kH eHeufaeYn tNrrJ jywf pmayydckY s½kH
rQru pmoifom; oHCmtm;vHk;wdkYtwGuf
t½kPfqGrf; csufjcif;udpöudkvnf; woufvHk;
udk,fwdkifjyKoGm;cJhonf/ q&mBuD; t½kPfqGrf;
csu&f ef udptö wGuf vdtk yfaomjyifqifrrI sm;udk
wynfh t&SifynmpuúrS tNrJwapjyK ay;avh&Sd
onf/ t&Siyf nmpuúonf q&mBu;D OD;ausmrf if;
\ pdwfwidk f;tusqk;H &moufyef vufpGJ wynfh
&if; jzpfonf/ 1327-ckESpf? oufawmf (75)ESpf
31
wGif avief;a&m*gjzifh wpfb0Zmwfodrf; Nidrf;
&müvnf; t&Sifynmpuú\ jyKpkrIudk cH,l&if;
üyif wpfb0Zmwfodrf; Nidr;f cJah yonf/
q&mawmf OD ; uk r m&onf wynf h
t&S i f o k E ´ & (omoe"Zod & D y 0&"r® m p&d , )
atmifjrifNy;D aomtcg rdrdvnf; touft&G,f
Bu;D &ifv
h mNyjD zpfí ausmif;pDrt
H yk cf sKyaf &; wm0ef
rsm;udk wynfhwpfyg;yg;tm; vTaJ jymif;tyfESH wm
0efay;&ef vdt k yfvmNy[
D k ,lqojzifh aemifawmf
vnf;jzpfonfhOD;0drv? OD;u0d"ZwdkYESifh n§dEIdif;
wdkifyifum wynfhBuD;wpfyg;jzpfonfh pyg;tdk;
q&mawmf OD;okar"mtm; oifhavsmfrnf[k
,lqojzifh wynfhBuD; OD;okar"mESifh n§dEIdif;
wdkifyifMunfh&m vHk;0 vufrcHbJ jiif;qefcJhay
32
onf/
OD;okE´&udkom wifajr§mufay;&ef jyef
vnf tBujH yK wdu k w f eG ;f cJah yonf/ pyg;tdk;q&m
awmf tygt0if wm0ef&Sd yk*¾dKvftrsm;wdkYu
OD;okE ´&udko m tBuHjyKMuí omoe'D y g½Hk
ausmif;udk pDrtH yk cf sKy&f ef OD;okE&´ udyk if wdu
k t
f yk f
bkef;BuD;tjzpf wifajr§muf tyfESHcJhMu&onf/
q&mawmfOD;ukrm& ysHvGefawmfrlaom tcg
wdkut f kyfq&mawmf OD;okE´&onf omoe'Dyg½Hk
ausmif;wdku f\ 'kwd,ajrmufy"meem,u
q&mawmf jzpfvmonf/
q&mawmfOD;okE´&onf omoe'Dyg½Hk
ausmif;wdku f\ 'kwd,ajrmufy"meem,u
33
q&mawmftjzpfESpf 30-cefY ausmif;wdkufudk
qufvufOD;pD;tky fc sKyfawmfr lNyD; oufawmf
BuD;&ifhvmaomtcg usef;rma&; cRwf,Gif;vm
ojzifh aemifawmfvnf;[kwf? wpf&Gmwnf;om;
q&mvnf;[kw?f pdwu å kef;ESihf omoe'Dyg½Hw k Yu
kd kd
pwif wnfaxmif&mwGif yg0ifov l nf;jzpfonfh
o&uf-atmifr*Fvmq&mawmf OD;uvsmP\
tBuHjyKwdkufwGe f; rI? pDrHaqmif&Gufay;rIjzifh
OD;armiftke;f + a':MuifpdefwkY\ d AdrmefawmfBuD;
a&pufcs tcef;tem;wGif wynfjh zpfol t&SiZf m
ae,stm; wdu k t
f yk f bke;f Bu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfawmf
rlNyD; ausmif;wdkuftkyfcsKyfa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk
q&mawmfO;D uvsmP\ pDrHaqmif&u G af y;rIjzifh
vTJajymif; tyfE SHcJhayonf/ OD; Zmae,sonf
q&mawmf OD;okE&´ \ Mo0g'vrf;ñTerf u I kd cH,í l
1346-ckEpS f ausmif;wdu k f tkycf sKyaf &;vkyif ef;rsm;
udk qufvuf aqmif&Gufawmf rlcJhayonf/
34
1350-jynfEh pS f (3.6.1988)wGif q&m
awmfOD; okE´& ysHawmfr lonfh aemufy dkif;wGif
OD;Zmae,s wpfyg;wnf;yif y"meem,ujyKí
qufvuftyk fcsKyfawmfro l nf/ (xdkupd u
ö dk q&m
awmfOD;uvsmPrS wynfh t&Sifynm0&tm;
jyefvnfajymjyí od&SdrSwfom;&ayonf/)
1358-ckEpS f OD;Zmae,sysv H eG af wmfral om
tcg rnfolYtm;rQ ausmif;wdkuftkyfcsKyfa&;
wm0efrsm;udk BudKwif tyfEx SH m;cJhjcif; r&Sdojzifh
xdkpOfu omoe'Dyg½Hkvuf&Sd Mo0g'gp&d,?
em,u q&mawmfrsm; tzGUJ uyif trsm;qE´jzifh
vuf&dS pmcsbek ;f Bu;D rsm; teufrS OD;£E´0o H tm;
y"meem,u tjzpfvnf;aumif;? OD;ÓP"Z
tm; wdkuftkyfbkef;BuD;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? cefY
35
tyfwm0efay;í tkycf sKyaf pcJMh uonf/
OD;£E´0o H ESihf OD;ÓP"ZwdYk tkycf sKyf awmf
rlMuí ESpfrsm;rMumrDyif tkyfcsKyfrInHhzsif;rI
aMumifh rIcif;rsm; jzpfyGm;cJhMu&onf/ ausmif;
wdkufvnf; oHk;ydkif;ydik f;í oHk;pkcGJNy;D ud,
k ht
f pkESifh
udk,f tkyfcsKyfaeMu&ayonf/
omoe'Dyg½Hkausmif;wdkuf wnfaxmif
&mü ajrtvSL&Sif tjzpfvnf;aumif;? ausmif;
tvSL&Sif tjzpfvnf;aumif;? vSL'gef;cJMh uaom
rlv'g,um rsm;jzpfMuonfh (1) OD;pHrif; (2)
OD;ausmfcdkif (3) OD;ausmfat; (4)OD;pHatmif (5)
OD;pHavSmif (6) OD;pvG,f (7) OD;pHat; (8) OD;jym;
paom ajrtvSL&Sif ausmif;tvSL &SifwdkYonf
rlvausmif;wnfpwGif rlvausmif; 7-ausmif;udk
vnf;aumif;? rlvausmif;ajr tm&mrfrsm;udk
36
vnf;aumif;? rlv rçwnf pwnfvSL'gef;cJhMu
onfh tpyxr tvSL&Sifrsm; jzpfMuonf/
xdyk *k Kd¾ vw
f o Ykd nf vSL'gef;rIjyK&mü tcrf;tem;jzifh
woD;woefY a&pufcsvLS 'gef;cJMh ujcif; r[kwaf y/
]]wynfah wmf wm0ef,lvSL'gef;ygonfbk&m;}}[k
yg;pyfajymç EIwf ajymjzifhomç wm0ef,lajymqdk
avQmufxm;Ny;D tcsed t f cg tajctaetm;avsmf
pGm udk,ht f ajctaeESiu hf ,kd f q&mawmfrsm;tm;
ajymqdkyefMum;avQmufxm;NyD; vSL'gef;aqmif
&GufrI jyKxm;cJhMu jcif;jzpfonf/ acwfa&;
acwf&mponf taMumif;tajc taewdkYt&
ausmif;wdu k f atmifjrifa&;udo k m t"duxm;Ny;D
tqifajyovdk vSL'gef;aqmif&GufcJhMu&jcif;
jzpfonf/
rlvausmif;'g,um tquftEG,rf sm;rS
rSwfrSwfom;om; a&pufcsvSL'gef;EdkifcJholrSm
rlvausmif; 'g,um tm;vHk;teuf OD;aqmif
37
'g,umjzpfonfh ppfom;olBuD; qifolaX;
OD;pHrif;\ orD; a':aiGcsD touf 80-ausmf
t&G,f? omoe'Dyg½Hak usmif;wdu k f wwd,q&m
awmf OD;Zmae,svufxufwiG f OD;Zmae,stxH
ü a':aiGcsDudk,fwdkif zcif OD;pHrif; vufxufrS
pwifvSL'gef;cJhaom ausmif;ajrESifh ausmif;
taqmuf tODwu Ykd kd ud,
k wf ikd u
f ,kd u
f s ]]a&pufcs
vSL'gef;cJ&h yg aMumif;}} xdo k kYd vSL'gef;&mwGiv f nf;
rlv q&mawmfBuD; av;yg;jzpfaom OD;0drv?
OD;u0d"Z? OD;ukrm&? OD;tm'dpö 0Ho q&mawmfBu;D
av;yg;wdkY\ wynfh tquftEG,f oHCmrsm;
tm; &nfrSe;f í vSL'gef;cJhygaMumif; rlvausmif;
'g,um\ orD; a':aiGcsDudk,fwdkif o&ufNrdKU
e,f? tvwfv,f r[mpnf&dyfom? r[mpnf
12-&uf w&m;pcef;ü r[mpnfur®|memp&d,?
r[mo'¨r® aZmwdu"Z? o&uf-t&Sifynm0&
q&mawmftm; a,m*Drsm;twGuf qGr;f vSL&efEiS hf
38
w&m;emç w&m;tm;xkwf&ef vm&if; aoao
csmcsmavQmufxm;cJh ayonf/
a':aiGcso D nf xdk&dyfom\ tNrJa,m*D?
tNrJ qGr;f 'umvnf; jzpfcaJh yonf/ w&m;pcef;
wGif q&mawmf t&Siyf nm0&ESifh BuKH BuKd uw f ke;f
omoe'Dyg½Hkausmif;wdkuf a&pufcsjcif;udpöudk
wifjyavQmufxm;cJh ayonf/
þodo Yk moe'Dyg½Hk ausmif;wdu k Bf u;D onf
1300-jynfEh pS rf S pí ,aeY usatmif BuUH BuUH cH&yf
wnfaecJhNyDjzpfonf/ ,ck tcg rlvq&mawmf
BuD;av;yg;wdYk &nf½G,cf sut f wdik f; y&d,wfç y#d
ywfç wm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifaeqJjzpfonfh t
avQmuf e,fo^l e,fom;rsm; bk&m;zl;? aq;uk?
ynmoif? 0ifa&mufwnf;cd?k tm;ud;k tm;xm;jyK
vQuf &SdaeqJjzpfonf/ pGrf;tm;&Sdonfhtwdkif;
pmoif? pmcs? w&m;a[m? w&m;jy? *kPaf wmfymG ;?
arwåmydkY rcsdKU,Gif;ap&bJ ur®|mef;w&m;rsm;
39
vnf; ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; jyoaeayonf/ npOf
a,m*Drsm;ç Oykofo,f a,m*Drsm;vnf; aeYpOf
n 7;00em&D tcsed w f ikd ;f r[m owdy|mef0yd ó
emw&m;rsm; ½IrSwfyGm;rsm; aeMuayonf/
omoe'Dyg½Hak usmif;wdu k of nf ,cktcg
b'´ E ÅynmaZmw (omoewuúo Dvm"r®m
p&d,? bDat)?ESifh b'´EÅZeu(omoe"Z"r®m
p&d,)wdkY OD;aqmif omoemjyK aeMuayonf/
y"meem,u jzpf awmfrcl MhJ uaom b'´Eu Å rk m&?
b'´EÅokE´&? b'´EÅZmae,s t&Sifoljrwfrsm;
vufxuf,cifumvrsm;wGif ]]omoe'Dyg½Hk
ordik ;f pmtkyf}} jzpfay:rvmEdik fcaJh omfvnf; ,ck
tcg q&mawmfb'´EÅZeu (omoe"Z"r®m
p&d,)\ awmif;yefavQmufxm;rIaMumifh o&uf
t&Sifynm0& (r[mo'¨r®aZmwdu"Z)? r[m
pnfur®|memp&d,? *E¦um&u=usr;f jyK? NrKd Uopf
"r®m½Hk owdy|mefomoemh&dyfomq&mawmf\
40 41

BuKd ;pm;csD;ajr§mufç axmufyrHh Ijzifh ]]omoe'Dyg½Hk

pmoifwdkuo f rdik f;}} pmtkyf jzpfay:vmcJh&ygay
ownf;/

arwåmjzifh-
t&Sifynm0&
42
(1) b'´EÅ0drvr[max&f
(q&mBuD;OD;ausmfrif;? atmifr*Fvm
ausmif;? o&ufNrdKU)
(2) b'´EÅu0d"Z r[max&f
pdwåokcausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
(3) b'´EÅtm'dp0ö Ho r[max&f
tvif;a&mifausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
(4) b'´EÅokar"m rax&f pyg;tdk;ausmif;?
BuHcif;NrdKU
(5) b'´EÅtmob rax&f befYjyifausmif;?
o&ufNrdKU
(6) b'´EOÅ mP"Z rax&f
ausmuftdk;ausmif;? o&ufNrdKUe,f
(7) b'´EÅuvsmPrax&f
atmifr*Fvmausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
43
(8) b'´EÅ "r®mvuFm& rax&f
ausmufBuD;ausmif;? rif;wkef;NrdKU
(1) b'´EÅynmomrd r[max&f
tvwfv,fausmif;? o&ufNrdKUe,f
(2) b'´EÅokar"m r[max&f
pyg;tdk;ausmif;? MuHcif;NrdKUe,f
(3) b'´EÅtmobr[max&f
befYjyifausmif;? o&ufNrdKUe,f
(4) b'´EÅuvsmPr[max&f
atmifr*Fvmausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
(5) b'´EÅ"r®mvuFm&r[max&f
ausmufBu;D ausmif;? rif;wke;f NrdKUe,f
(6) b'´EÅOmP"Zr[max&f
ausmuftdk;ausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
44
(7) b'´EOÅ uú|r[max&f
uRef;awmukef;ausmif;? jynfNrdKU
(8) b'´EÅy@0Hor[max&f
vJcHkBu;D ausmif;? jrefatmifNrdKU
(9) b'´Eu Å 0d"Zr[max&f
wvkwf&if;ausmif;? txufrif;vS
(1) b'´EÅokar"mr[max&f
pyg;tdk;ausmif;? BuHcif;NrdKUe,f
(2) b'´EÅuvsmPr[max&f
atmifr*Fvmausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
(3) b'´EÅar"d,r[max&f
tv,f&Gmausmif;? ur®NrdKU
(4) b'´EÅOmaPmbmor[max&f
wDwGwfausmif;? jynfNrdKU
45
(5) b'´EOÅ uú|r[max&f
uRef;awmukef;ausmif;? jynfNrdKU
(6) b'´EuÅ 0d"Zr[max&f
tvif;a&mifausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
(7) b'´EÅ okE´&r[max&f abmfausmif;?
o&ufNrdKUe,f
(1) b'´EÅaum0d'r[max&f
atmufredrfhausmif;? o&ufNrdKU (Ouú|)
(2) b'´EÅom"der[max&f
yÍö&lyausmif;? rEÅav;NrdKU ('k-Ouú|? 1)
(3) b'´EÅauo&r[max&f
atmifr*Fvmausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
('k-Ouú|? 2)
(4) b'´EÅukovr[max&f
tvif;a&mifausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
46 47

(tusKd ;aqmif) (tzGUJ 0if)

(5) b'´EÅZm*&r[max&f (11) b'´E£ Å E´mbd0o H r[max&f
yef;jyifausmif;? o&ufNrdKUe,f ,Gef;ausmif;? ur®NrdKUe,f (tzGJU0if)
(wGJzuf-tusdK;awmfaqmif) (12) b'´EÅy@dpör[max&f
(6) b'´EÅynm0&r[max&f o&ufjrifhausmif;? o&ufNrdKU (tzGJU0if)
tvwfv,fausmif;? o&ufNrdKUe,f (13) b'´EÅauvmor[max&f
(wGJzuf-tusdK;awmfaqmif) ydk;pkausmif;? BuHcif;NrdKUe,f (tzGUJ 0if)
(7) b'´EÅ"r®du r[max&f (14) b'´EaÅ uo&ax&f
wwfausmif;? o&ufNrdKU (tzGJU0if) pnfwikd ;f taemufausmif;? qifaygif0NJ rdKU
(8) b'´Eo Å kZnr[max&f (tzGUJ 0if)
anmifyifwJausmif;? txufrif;vS (15) b'´EÅaumov’r[max&f
(tzGUJ 0if) tif;v,fausmif;? o&ufNrdKUe,f
(9) b'´EÅuk@vr[max&f (tzGUJ 0if)
wvkwf&if;ausmif;?txufrif;vS
(tzGUJ 0if)
(10) b'´EÅoDvmpm&r[max&f
ukef;wvHk;ausmif;? jrefatmifNrdKUe,f
48 49

(3) b'´EÅar"d,r[max&f
(t*¾r[my@dw)?
tv,f&mG ausmif;? ur®NrKd U (Mo0g'gp&d,)
1357-ckESpf? q&mawmfb'´EÅZmae,s (4) b'´EaÅ um0d'r[max&f?
r[max&f ysv H Gefawmfral omtcg omoe'Dyg½Hk atmufredrfhausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
ausmif;wdu k Bf u;D t&Sed rf ysuf qufvufw;kd wuf (Mo0g'gp&d,)
rI&Sdatmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf oGm;Edkifa&; (5) b'´E£ Å E´mbd0o H r[max&f
twGuf 1357= ckEpS ?f wefaqmifrek ;f vjynfah usmf (t*¾r[my@dw)
(2)&uf? (8.11.95) Ak'[ ¨ ;l aeY wGif omoe'Dyg½Hk ,Gef;ausmif;? ur®NrdKU (Mo0g'gp&d,)
qdki&f m Mo0g'gp&d,tzGJUESihf em,uq&mawmf (6) b'´EÅZm*&r[max&f
rsm;tzGJUudk xyfrHwdk;csJU zGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/ ¤if; yef;jyifausmif;? o&ufNrKd U (Mo0g'gp&d,)
tzGJUrS atmufazmfjy vwåHUygtwdkif; jzpfonf/ (7) b'´EÅ"r®ud r[max&f?
(1) b'´EÅokar"m r[max&f? wwfausmif;? o&ufNrdKU (Mo0g'gp&d,)
pyg;tdk;ausmif;?BucH if;NrKd U (Mo0g'gp&d,) (8) b'´EÅauo&r[max&f?
(2) b'´EÅOuú| r[max&f (t*¾r[my@dw)
uRef;awmukef;ausmif;? atmifr*Fvmausmif;? o&ufNrdKU (Ouú|)
jynfNrdKU (Mo0g0gp&d,)
50
(9) b'´EÅokZnr[max&f?
a&TwJausmif;? a&Tjynfom ('k-Ouú|)
(10) b'´EÅ£E´0Hor[max&f?
omoe'Dyg½Hkausmif;? jynfNrdKU ('k-Ouú|)
(11) b'´EÅukovr[max&f?
tvif;a&mifausmif;? o&ufNrdKU
(tusdK;awmfaqmif)
(12) b'´EyÅ nm0&r[max&f?
NrdKUopf"r®m½Hkausmif;? tif;pdef?
(wGJ-tus;d awmfaqmif)
(13) b'´EÅOmP"Zr[max&f
omoemh'Dyg½Hkausmif;? jynfNrKd U?
(wGJ-tusKd ;awmfaqmif)
(14) b'´Eu Å @k vrax&f? wvkw&f if;ausmif;?
txufrif;vS (tzGJU0if)
(15) b'´EÅoDvmpm&r[max&f?
ausmif;uGi;f ausmif;? jrefatmif? (tzGUJ 0if)
51
(16) b'´EÅe&dE´r[max&f?
vJckefBuD;ausmif;? jrefatmif (tzGUJ 0if)
(17) b'´EÅy@dpör[max&f?
o&ufjrifhausmif;? o&ufNrdKU (tzGJU0if)
(18) b'´EÅauvmor[max&f
ydk;pkausmif;? BuHcif;NrdKU (tzGJU0if)
(19) b'´EÅaumov’r[max&f
tif;v,fausmif;? o&ufNrdKU (tzGJU0if)
(20) b'´EÅao|dvrax&f?
uHzsm;ausmif;? jynfNrdKU (tzGUJ 0if)
(21) b'´EyÅ 'krax&f
r[mpnf&dyfom? a&MunfNrdKU (tzGJU0if)
(22) b'´EÅOwår r[max&f?
pnf&Gmausmif;? ur®NrdKU (tzGUJ 0if)
(23) b'´EÅ0dpm& r[max&f?
ud;k aomif;ausmif;? jynfNrdKU (tzGJU0if)
(24) b'´EÅpEd́rr[max&f?
52 53

awmifvnfausmif;? aygufacgif;NrdKU
(tzGUJ 0if)
(25) b'´EyÅ @dwr[max&f
ausmif;Bu;D ausmif;? BuHcif;NrKd U (tzGJU0if)
(26) b'´EÅauo&r[max&f
pOf pma&;ol usrf ; pm
pnfwikd ;f taemufausmif;? qifaygif0NJ rKd U
1 / q&mawmf OD; 0d r v (u)atmifr*Fvm ½lyod'¨d
(tzG0JY if) (q&mBuD ; OD ; ausmf r if ; ) (o'´ g usrf ; -vuf a &;rl )
(27) b'´EÅ"r®oD&Drax&f a&;om;onf h (c)atmifr *Fv m "gwku
xmqdk ½ d k ; vuFm rsm;
yÍö&yl ausmif;? xD;vif;wdku?f rEÅav;NrdKU?
(tbd" r®m - vufa &;rl)
(tzGUJ 0if) 2 / q&mawmf O D ; u0d " Z (u) y&de dAÁm efpH c Pf;
a&;om;onh f bk& m;&Sdc dk; (Ak'¨0 if
tusOf; 1299-ckE Sp fw Gi f
ykHE SdyfcJ ho nf/)
(c) *kPfawmfzGifh tusOf;
(bk& m;&Sd c d k; pmrl)
rS w f c suf / / q&mawmfysHv Gefawmfrlaomtcg a&S;
acwf o k H ; armif ; qG J o H a owå m BuD ; jzif h xuf 0 uf a usmf c ef Y
a&;om;NyD; pmrlrsm; usef& pfc J ho nf/ atmifr*Fv mpmoif
wdku f rD; oifh pOfu rD; cqkH; ½IH ;cJ h & onf/