Aerosols 433 problem. To overcome such problems different surfactants and lubricants have been tried. For example, isopropyl myristate and mineral oil have shown moderate success. Nonionic surfactants (HLB value < 10) have been found most effective within concentration of 0.01 ta 19%. Sometimes oleic acid is used in a dispersion aerosol system. as a dispersing agent. It can prevent the agglomeration of particles and work as a valve lubricant. Thus, valve clogging at its orifice can be prevented. Emulsion and Foam system can be dispensed as stable or quick-breaking foam. This depends on the nature of the ingredients and of formulation. Generally this type of formulation is prepared with active ingredient, vehicle (aqueous or nonaqueous}, surfactant, and propellant. In general, the liquefied propellant is emulsified and remained as internal phase of the emulsion. Depending on the ingredients and method used an emulsion may dispense aqueous stable foam, nonaqueous stable foam, quick-breaking foam, or thermal foam. Aqueous stable foam forming aerosol product requires lesser amount of propellant, not more than 10%. Usually hydrocarbon propellant is used up to 5% and rest 95% of the formulation contains active ingredient, oil-waxes, surfactant, and water, depending on the actual requirement, Either hydrocarbon or compressed gas propellant can be used, Hydrocarbon propellant A-70, A-46 is commonly used. If the amount of propellant is increased, relatively dry and stiff foam is produced. With lesser amount of propellant wet foam is produced. Sometimes an emulsion base is prepared separately. Then appropriate amount of active ingredient, base, and propellant are mixed together to prepare aerosol, as in case of general emulsion. A typical composition of emulsion base ‘and final formulation is shown below. Ingredients | Composition (>w/w) Ingredients Composition 9w/w) Emulsion Base: Emulsion aerosol: Stearic acid 555 Active ingredient 2 Myristc acid 1415 Emulsion Base 98.95 Coty! alcohol O51 Hydrocarbon propellant &-a6 34 Isopropyl myristate as Poiywinyyrrolidone 025-05 Triethanolamine 335 Lanalin 01-025 Distilled water 99.86 Many antibiotics, steroids, and other active ingredients can be formulated accordingly. Surfactants having some solubility in propellant are most suitable for aqueous stable foam preparations, Nonaqueous stable foam may be prepared by using different glycols such as polyethylene glycol. Glycol ester such as propylene glycol monostearate is the most Ul O <